Tertullian · c. 155 – c. 220

Against Praxeas; Against Marcion; On Baptism; Apology

c. 197–213 · Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 3 (1885) · translated from the Latin

90pages

32 h 39 minreading time

496passages linked to Scripture

4,826links to verses

Start reading The edition online

Apology.1
Chapter I.1
Chapter II.1
Chapter III.1
Chapter IV.1
Chapter V.1
Chapter VI.1
Chapter VII.2
Chapter VIII.2
Chapter IX.2
Chapter X.2
Chapter XI.2
Chapter XII.2
Chapter XIII.2
Chapter XIV.3
Chapter XV.3
Chapter XVI.3
Chapter XVII.3
Chapter XVIII.3
Chapter XIX.3
Chapter XX.3
Chapter XXI.3
Chapter XXII.4
Chapter XXIII.4
Chapter XXIV.4
Chapter XXV.4
Chapter XXVI.4
Chapter XXVII.4
Chapter XXVIII.4
Chapter XXIX.4
Chapter XXX.4
Chapter XXXI.5
Chapter XXXII.5
Chapter XXXIII.5
Chapter XXXIV.5
Chapter XXXV.5
Chapter XXXVI.5
Chapter XXXVII.5
Chapter XXXVIII.5
Chapter XXXIX.5
Chapter XL.5
Chapter XLI.5
Chapter XLII.6
Chapter XLIII.6
Chapter XLIV.6
Chapter XLV.6
Chapter XLVI.6
Chapter XLVII.6
Chapter XLVIII.6
Chapter XLIX.6
Chapter L.6
On Idolatry.7
Chapter I.—Wide Scope of the Word Idolatry.7
Chapter II.—Idolatry in Its More Limited Sense. Its Copiousness.7
Chapter III.—Idolatry: Origin and Meaning of the Name.7
Chapter IV.—Idols Not to Be Made, Much Less Worshipped. Idols and Idol-Makers in the Same Category.7
Chapter V. —Sundry Objections or Excuses Dealt with.7
Chapter VI.—Idolatry Condemned by Baptism. To Make an Idol Is, in Fact, to Worship It.7
Chapter VII.—Grief of the Faithful at the Admission of Idol-Makers into the Church; Nay, Even into the Ministry.7
Chapter VIII.—Other Arts Made Subservient to Idolatry. Lawful Means of Gaining a Livelihood Abundant.7
Chapter IX.—Professions of Some Kinds Allied to Idolatry. Of Astrology in Particular.7
Chapter X.—Of Schoolmasters and Their Difficulties.7
Chapter XI.—Connection Between Covetousness and Idolatry. Certain Trades, However Gainful, to Be Avoided.7
Chapter XII.—Further Answers to the Plea, How Am I to Live?7
Chapter XIII.—Of the Observance of Days Connected with Idolatry.8
Chapter XIV.—Of Blasphemy. One of St. Paul's Sayings.8
Chapter XV.—Concerning Festivals in Honour of Emperors, Victories, and the Like. Examples of the Three Children and Dan8
Chapter XVI.—Concerning Private Festivals.8
Chapter XVII.—The Cases of Servants and Other Officials. What Offices a Christian Man May Hold.8
Chapter XVIII.—Dress as Connected with Idolatry.8
Chapter XIX.—Concerning Military Service.8
Chapter XX.—Concerning Idolatry in Words.8
Chapter XXI.—Of Silent Acquiescence in Heathen Formularies.8
Chapter XXII.—Of Accepting Blessing in the Name of Idols.8
Chapter XXIII.—Written Contracts in the Name of Idols. Tacit Consent.8
Chapter XXIV.—General Conclusion.8
The Shows, or De Spectaculis.9
Chapter I.9
Chapter II.9
Chapter III.9
Chapter IV.9
Chapter V.9
Chapter VI.9
Chapter VII.9
Chapter VIII.9
Chapter IX.9
Chapter X.9
Chapter XI.9
Chapter XII.9
Chapter XIII.10
Chapter XIV.10
Chapter XV.10
Chapter XVI.10
Chapter XVII.10
Chapter XVIII.10
Chapter XIX.10
Chapter XX.10
Chapter XXI.10
Chapter XXII.10
Chapter XXIII.10
Chapter XXIV.10
Chapter XXV.10
Chapter XXVI.10
Chapter XXVII.10
Chapter XXVIII.10
Chapter XXIX.10
Chapter XXX.10
The Chaplet, or De Corona.11
Chapter I.11
Chapter II.11
Chapter III.11
Chapter IV.11
Chapter V.11
Chapter VI.11
Chapter VII.11
Chapter VIII.11
Chapter IX.11
Chapter X.11
Chapter XI.12
Chapter XII.12
Chapter XIII.12
Chapter XIV.12
Chapter XV.12
To Scapula.13
Chapter I.13
Chapter II.13
Chapter III.13
Chapter IV.13
Chapter V.13
Book I.14
Chapter I. —The Hatred Felt by the Heathen Against the Christians is Unjust, Because Based on Culpable Ignorance.14
Chapter II. —The Heathen Perverted Judgment in the Trial of Christians. They Would Be More Consistent If They Dis14
Chapter III. —The Great Offence in the Christians Lies in Their Very Name. The Name Vindicated.14
Chapter IV. —The Truth Hated in the Christians; So in Measure Was It, of Old, in Socrates. The Virtues of the Chr14
Chapter V. —The Inconsistent Life of Any False Christian No More Condemns True Disciples of Christ, Than a Passin14
Chapter VI. —The Innocence of the Christians Not Compromised by the Iniquitous Laws Which Were Made Against Them.14
Chapter VII. —The Christians Defamed. A Sarcastic Description of Fame; Its Deception and Atrocious Slanders of th14
Chapter VIII. —The Calumny Against the Christians Illustrated in the Discovery of Psammetichus. Refutation of the15
Chapter IX. —The Christians are Not the Cause of Public Calamities: There Were Such Troubles Before Christianity.15
Chapter X. —The Christians are Not the Only Contemners of the Gods. Contempt of Them Often Displayed by Heathen O15
Chapter XI. —The Absurd Cavil of the Ass's Head Disposed of.15
Chapter XII. —The Charge of Worshipping a Cross. The Heathens Themselves Made Much of Crosses in Sacred Things; N15
Chapter XIII. —The Charge of Worshipping the Sun Met by a Retort.15
Chapter XIV. —The Vile Calumny About Onocoetes Retorted on the Heathen by Tertullian.15
Chapter XV. —The Charge of Infanticide Retorted on the Heathen.16
Chapter XVI. —Other Charges Repelled by the Same Method. The Story of the Noble Roman Youth and His Parents.16
Chapter XVII. —The Christian Refusal to Swear by the Genius of Cæsar. Flippancy and Irreverence Retorted on the H16
Chapter XVIII. —Christians Charged with an Obstinate Contempt of Death. Instances of the Same are Found Amongst t16
Chapter XIX. —If Christians and the Heathen Thus Resemble Each Other, There is Great Difference in the Grounds an16
Chapter XX.—Truth and Reality Pertain to Christians Alone. The Heathen Counselled to Examine and Embrace It.16
Book II.17
Chapter I.—The Heathen Gods from Heathen Authorities. Varro Has Written a Work on the Subject. His Threefold Classifica17
Chapter II.—Philosophers Had Not Succeeded in Discovering God. The Uncertainty and Confusion of Their Speculations.17
Chapter III.—The Physical Philosophers Maintained the Divinity of the Elements; The Absurdity of the Tenet Exposed.17
Chapter IV.—Wrong Derivation of the Word Theos. The Name Indicative of the True Deity. God Without Shape and Immaterial17
Chapter V.—The Physical Theory Continued. Further Reasons Advanced Against the Divinity of the Elements.17
Chapter VI.—The Changes of the Heavenly Bodies, Proof that They are Not Divine. Transition from the Physical to the Myt17
Chapter VII.—The Gods of the Mythic Class. The Poets a Very Poor Authority in Such Matters. Homer and the Mythic Poets.17
Chapter VIII.—The Gods of the Different Nations. Varro's Gentile Class. Their Inferiority. A Good Deal of This Perverse18
Chapter IX.—The Power of Rome. Romanized Aspect of All the Heathen Mythology. Varro's Threefold Distribution Criticised18
Chapter X.—A Disgraceful Feature of the Roman Mythology. It Honours Such Infamous Characters as Larentina.18
Chapter XI.—The Romans Provided Gods for Birth, Nay, Even Before Birth, to Death. Much Indelicacy in This System.18
Chapter XII. —The Original Deities Were Human—With Some Very Questionable Characteristics. Saturn or Time Was Hu18
Chapter XIII. —The Gods Human at First. Who Had the Authority to Make Them Divine? Jupiter Not Only Human, But I18
Chapter XIV.—Gods, Those Which Were Confessedly Elevated to the Divine Condition, What Pre-Eminent Right Had They to Su19
Chapter XV.—The Constellations and the Genii Very Indifferent Gods. The Roman Monopoly of Gods Unsatisfactory. Other Na19
Chapter XVI.—Inventors of Useful Arts Unworthy of Deification. They Would Be the First to Acknowledge a Creator. The Ar19
Chapter XVII. —Conclusion, the Romans Owe Not Their Imperial Power to Their Gods. The Great God Alone Dispenses19
An Answer to the Jews.20
Chapter I.—Occasion of Writing. Relative Position of Jews and Gentiles Illustrated.20
Chapter II.—The Law Anterior to Moses.20
Chapter III.—Of Circumcision and the Supercession of the Old Law.20
Chapter IV.—Of the Observance of the Sabbath.20
Chapter V.—Of Sacrifices.20
Chapter VI.—Of the Abolition and the Abolisher of the Old Law.20
Chapter VII.—The Question Whether Christ Be Come Taken Up.20
Chapter VIII.—Of the Times of Christ's Birth and Passion, and of Jerusalem's Destruction.21
Chapter IX.—Of the Prophecies of the Birth and Achievements of Christ.21
Chapter X.—Concerning the Passion of Christ, and Its Old Testament Predictions and Adumbrations.21
Chapter XI.—Further Proofs, from Ezekiel. Summary of the Prophetic Argument Thus Far.22
Chapter XII.—Further Proofs from the Calling of the Gentiles.22
Chapter XIII.—Argument from the Destruction of Jerusalem and Desolation of Judea.22
Chapter XIV.—Conclusion. Clue to the Error of the Jews.22
The Soul's Testimony.23
Chapter I.23
Chapter II.23
Chapter III.23
Chapter IV.23
Chapter V.23
Chapter VI.23
A Treatise on the Soul.24
Chapter I.—It is Not to the Philosophers that We Resort for Information About the Soul But to God.24
Chapter II.—The Christian Has Sure and Simple Knowledge Concerning the Subject Before Us.24
Chapter III.—The Soul's Origin Defined Out of the Simple Words of Scripture.24
Chapter IV.—In Opposition to Plato, the Soul Was Created and Originated at Birth.24
Chapter V.—Probable View of the Stoics, that the Soul Has a Corporeal Nature.24
Chapter VI.—The Arguments of the Platonists for the Soul's Incorporeality, Opposed, Perhaps Frivolously.24
Chapter VII.—The Soul's Corporeality Demonstrated Out of the Gospels.24
Chapter VIII.—Other Platonist Arguments Considered.24
Chapter IX.—Particulars of the Alleged Communication to a Montanist Sister.25
Chapter X.—The Simple Nature of the Soul is Asserted with Plato. The Identity of Spirit and Soul.25
Chapter XI.—Spirit—A Term Expressive of an Operation of the Soul, Not of Its Nature. To Be Carefully Distinguished fro25
Chapter XII.—Difference Between the Mind and the Soul, and the Relation Between Them.25
Chapter XIII.—The Soul's Supremacy.25
Chapter XIV.—The Soul Variously Divided by the Philosophers; This Division is Not a Material Dissection.25
Chapter XV.—The Soul's Vitality and Intelligence. Its Character and Seat in Man.25
Chapter XVI.—The Soul's Parts. Elements of the Rational Soul.26
Chapter XVII.—The Fidelity of the Senses, Impugned by Plato, Vindicated by Christ Himself.26
Chapter XVIII.—Plato Suggested Certain Errors to the Gnostics. Functions of the Soul.26
Chapter XIX.—The Intellect Coeval with the Soul in the Human Being. An Example from Aristotle Converted into Evidence F26
Chapter XX.—The Soul, as to Its Nature Uniform, But Its Faculties Variously Developed. Varieties Only Accidental.27
Chapter XXI.—As Free-Will Actuates an Individual So May His Character Change.27
Chapter XXII.—Recapitulation. Definition of the Soul.27
Chapter XXIII.—The Opinions of Sundry Heretics Which Originate Ultimately with Plato.27
Chapter XXIV.—Plato's Inconsistency. He Supposes the Soul Self-Existent, Yet Capable of Forgetting What Passed in a Pre27
Chapter XXV.—Tertullian Refutes, Physiologically, the Notion that the Soul is Introduced After Birth.27
Chapter XXVI.—Scripture Alone Offers Clear Knowledge on the Questions We Have Been Controverting.27
Chapter XXVII.—Soul and Body Conceived, Formed and Perfected in Element Simultaneously.28
Chapter XXVIII.—The Pythagorean Doctrine of Transmigration Sketched and Censured.28
Chapter XXIX.—The Pythagorean Doctrine Refuted by Its Own First Principle, that Living Men are Formed from the Dead.28
Chapter XXX.—Further Refutation of the Pythagorean Theory. The State of Contemporary Civilisation.28
Chapter XXXI.—Further Exposure of Transmigration, Its Inextricable Embarrassment.28
Chapter XXXII.—Empedocles Increased the Absurdity of Pythagoras by Developing the Posthumous Change of Men into Various28
Chapter XXXIII.—The Judicial Retribution of These Migrations Refuted with Raillery.28
Chapter XXXIV.—These Vagaries Stimulated Some Profane Corruptions of Christianity. The Profanity of Simon Magus Condemn29
Chapter XXXV.—The Opinions of Carpocrates, Another Offset from the Pythagorean Dogmas, Stated and Confuted.29
Chapter XXXVI.—The Main Points of Our Author's Subject. On the Sexes of the Human Race.29
Chapter XXXVII.—On the Formation and State of the Embryo. Its Relation with the Subject of This Treatise.29
Chapter XXXVIII.—On the Growth of the Soul. Its Maturity Coincident with the Maturity of the Flesh in Man.29
Chapter XXXIX.—The Evil Spirit Has Marred the Purity of the Soul from the Very Birth.29
Chapter XL.—The Body of Man Only Ancillary to the Soul in the Commission of Evil.29
Chapter XLI.—Notwithstanding the Depravity of Man's Soul by Original Sin, There is Yet Left a Basis Whereon Divine Grac29
Chapter XLII.—Sleep, the Mirror of Death, as Introductory to the Consideration of Death.29
Chapter XLIII.—Sleep a Natural Function as Shown by Other Considerations, and by the Testimony of Scripture.30
Chapter XLIV.—The Story of Hermotimus, and the Sleeplessness of the Emperor Nero. No Separation of the Soul from the Bo30
Chapter XLV.—Dreams, an Incidental Effect of the Soul's Activity. Ecstasy.30
Chapter XLVI.—Diversity of Dreams and Visions. Epicurus Thought Lightly of Them, Though Generally Most Highly Valued. I30
Chapter XLVII.—Dreams Variously Classified. Some are God-Sent, as the Dreams of Nebuchadnezzar; Others Simply Products30
Chapter XLVIII.—Causes and Circumstances of Dreams. What Best Contributes to Efficient Dreaming.30
Chapter XLIX.—No Soul Naturally Exempt from Dreams.30
Chapter L.—The Absurd Opinion of Epicurus and the Profane Conceits of the Heretic Menander on Death, Even Enoch and Eli30
Chapter LI.—Death Entirely Separates the Soul from the Body.31
Chapter LII.—All Kinds of Death a Violence to Nature, Arising from Sin.—Sin an Intrusion Upon Nature as God Created It31
Chapter LIII.—The Entire Soul Being Indivisible Remains to the Last Act of Vitality; Never Partially or Fractionally Wi31
Chapter LIV.—Whither Does the Soul Retire When It Quits the Body? Opinions of Philosophers All More or Less Absurd. The31
Chapter LV.—The Christian Idea of the Position of Hades; The Blessedness of Paradise Immediately After Death. The Privi31
Chapter LVI.—Refutation of the Homeric View of the Soul's Detention from Hades Owing to the Body's Being Unburied. That31
Chapter LVII.—Magic and Sorcery Only Apparent in Their Effects. God Alone Can Raise the Dead.31
Chapter LVIII.—Conclusion. Points Postponed. All Souls are Kept in Hades Until the Resurrection, Anticipating Their Ult32
The Prescription Against Heretics.32
Chapter I.—Introductory. Heresies Must Exist, and Even Abound; They are a Probation to Faith.32
Chapter II.—Analogy Between Fevers and Heresies. Heresies Not to Be Wondered At: Their Strength Derived from Weakness o32
Chapter III.—Weak People Fall an Easy Prey to Heresy, Which Derives Strength from the General Frailty of Mankind. Emine32
Chapter IV.—Warnings Against Heresy Given Us in the New Testament. Sundry Passages Adduced. These Imply the Possibility32
Chapter V.—Heresy, as Well as Schism and Dissension, Disapproved by St. Paul, Who Speaks of the Necessity of Heresies,32
Chapter VI.—Heretics are Self-Condemned. Heresy is Self-Will, Whilst Faith is Submission of Our Will to the Divine Auth32
Chapter VII.—Pagan Philosophy the Parent of Heresies. The Connection Between Deflections from Christian Faith and the O32
Chapter VIII.—Christ's Word, Seek, and Ye Shall Find, No Warrant for Heretical Deviations from the Faith. All Christ's32
Chapter IX.—The Research After Definite Truth Enjoined on Us. When We Have Discovered This, We Should Be Content.32
Chapter X.—One Has Succeeded in Finding Definite Truth, When He Believes. Heretical Wits are Always Offering Many Thing32
Chapter XI.—After We Have Believed, Search Should Cease; Otherwise It Must End in a Denial of What We Have Believed. No32
Chapter XII.—A Proper Seeking After Divine Knowledge, Which Will Never Be Out of Place or Excessive, is Always Within t32
Chapter XIII.—Summary of the Creed, or Rule of Faith. No Questions Ever Raised About It by Believers. Heretics Encourag32
Chapter XIV.—Curiosity Ought Not Range Beyond the Rule of Faith. Restless Curiosity, the Feature of Heresy.33
Chapter XV.—Heretics Not to Be Allowed to Argue Out of the Scriptures. The Scriptures, in Fact, Do Not Belong to Them.33
Chapter XVI.—Apostolic Sanction to This Exclusion of Heretics from the Use of the Scriptures. Heretics, According to th33
Chapter XVII.—Heretics, in Fact, Do Not Use, But Only Abuse, Scripture. No Common Ground Between Them and You.33
Chapter XVIII.—Great Evil Ensues to the Weak in Faith, from Any Discussion Out of the Scriptures. Conviction Never Come33
Chapter XIX.—Appeal, in Discussion of Heresy, Lies Not to the Scriptures. The Scriptures Belong Only to Those Who Have33
Chapter XX.—Christ First Delivered the Faith. The Apostles Spread It; They Founded Churches as the Depositories Thereof33
Chapter XXI.—All Doctrine True Which Comes Through the Church from the Apostles, Who Were Taught by God Through Christ.33
Chapter XXII.—Attempt to Invalidate This Rule of Faith Rebutted. The Apostles Safe Transmitters of the Truth. Sufficien33
Chapter XXIII.—The Apostles Not Ignorant. The Heretical Pretence of St. Peter's Imperfection Because He Was Rebuked by33
Chapter XXIV.—St. Peter's Further Vindication. St. Paul Not Superior to St. Peter in Teaching. Nothing Imparted to the33
Chapter XXV.—The Apostles Did Not Keep Back Any of the Deposit of Doctrine Which Christ Had Entrusted to Them. St. Paul33
Chapter XXVI.—The Apostles Did in All Cases Teach the Whole Truth to the Whole Church. No Reservation, Nor Partial Comm33
Chapter XXVII.—Granted that the Apostles Transmitted the Whole Doctrine of Truth, May Not the Churches Have Been Unfait33
Chapter XXVIII.—The One Tradition of the Faith, Which is Substantially Alike in the Churches Everywhere, a Good Proof t33
Chapter XXIX.—The Truth Not Indebted to the Care of the Heretics; It Had Free Course Before They Appeared. Priority of33
Chapter XXX.—Comparative Lateness of Heresies. Marcion's Heresy. Some Personal Facts About Him. The Heresy of Apelles.33
Chapter XXXI.—Truth First, Falsehood Afterwards, as Its Perversion. Christ's Parable Puts the Sowing of the Good Seed B34
Chapter XXXII.—None of the Heretics Claim Succession from the Apostles. New Churches Still Apostolic, Because Their Fai34
Chapter XXXIII.—Present Heresies (Seedlings of the Tares Noted by the Sacred Writers) Already Condemned in Scripture. T34
Chapter XXXIV.—No Early Controversy Respecting the Divine Creator; No Second God Introduced at First. Heresies Condemne34
Chapter XXXV.—Let Heretics Maintain Their Claims by a Definite and Intelligible Evidence. This the Only Method of Solvi34
Chapter XXXVI.—The Apostolic Churches the Voice of the Apostles. Let the Heretics Examine Their Apostolic Claims, in Ea34
Chapter XXXVII.—Heretics Not Being Christians, But Rather Perverters of Christ's Teaching, May Not Claim the Christian34
Chapter XXXVIII.—Harmony of the Church and the Scriptures. Heretics Have Tampered with the Scriptures, and Mutilated, a34
Chapter XXXIX.—What St. Paul Calls Spiritual Wickednesses Displayed by Pagan Authors, and by Heretics, in No Dissimilar34
Chapter XL.—No Difference in the Spirit of Idolatry and of Heresy. In the Rites of Idolatry, Satan Imitated and Distort34
Chapter XLI.—The Conduct of Heretics: Its Frivolity, Worldliness, and Irregularity. The Notorious Wantonness of Their W34
Chapter XLII.—Heretics Work to Pull Down and to Destroy, Not to Edify and Elevate. Heretics Do Not Adhere Even to Their34
Chapter XLIII.—Loose Company Preferred by Heretics. Ungodliness the Effect of Their Teaching the Very Opposite of Catho34
Chapter XLIV.—Heresy Lowers Respect for Christ, and Destroys All Fear of His Great Judgment. The Tendency of Heretical34
Wherein is described the god of Marcion. He is shown to be utterly wanting in all the attributes of the true God.35
Chapter I.—Preface. Reason for a New Work. Pontus Lends Its Rough Character to the35
Chapter II.—Marcion, Aided by Cerdon, Teaches a Duality of Gods; How He Constructed35
Chapter III.—The Unity of God. He is the Supreme Being, and There Cannot Be a Secon35
Chapter IV.—Defence of the Divine Unity Against Objection. No Analogy Between Human35
Chapter V.—The Dual Principle Falls to the Ground; Plurality of Gods, of Whatever N35
Chapter VI.—Marcion Untrue to His Theory. He Pretends that His Gods are Equal, But35
Chapter VII.—Other Beings Besides God are in Scripture Called God. This Objection F35
Chapter VIII.—Specific Points. The Novelty of Marcion's God Fatal to His Pretension35
Chapter IX.—Marcion's Gnostic Pretensions Vain, for the True God is Neither Unknown35
Chapter X.—The Creator Was Known as the True God from the First by His Creation. Ac35
Chapter XI.—The Evidence for God External to Him; But the External Creation Which Y36
Chapter XII.—Impossibility of Acknowledging God Without This External Evidence [24636
Chapter XIII.—The Marcionites Depreciate the Creation, Which, However, is a Worthy36
Chapter XIV.—All Portions of Creation Attest the Excellence of the Creator, Whom Ma36
Chapter XV.—The Lateness of the Revelation of Marcion's God. The Question of the Pl36
Chapter XVI.—Marcion Assumes the Existence of Two Gods from the Antithesis Between36
Chapter XVII.—Not Enough, as the Marcionites Pretend, that the Supreme God Should R36
Chapter XVIII.—Notwithstanding Their Conceits, the God of the Marcionites Fails in36
Chapter XIX.—Jesus Christ, the Revealer of the Creator, Could Not Be the Same as Ma36
Chapter XX.—Marcion, Justifying His Antithesis Between the Law and the Gospel by th36
Chapter XXI.—St. Paul Preached No New God, When He Announced the Repeal of Some of37
Chapter XXII.—God's Attribute of Goodness Considered as Natural; The God of Marcion37
Chapter XXIII.—God's Attribute of Goodness Considered as Rational. Marcion's God De37
Chapter XXIV.—The Goodness of Marcion's God Only Imperfectly Manifested; It Saves B37
Chapter XXV.—God is Not a Being of Simple Goodness; Other Attributes Belong to Him.37
Chapter XXVI.—In the Attribute of Justice, Marcion's God is Hopelessly Weak and Ung37
Chapter XXVII.—Dangerous Effects to Religion and Morality of the Doctrine of So Wea37
Chapter XXVIII.—This Perverse Doctrine Deprives Baptism of All Its Grace. If Marcio38
Chapter XXIX.—Marcion Forbids Marriage. Tertullian Eloquently Defends It as Holy, a38
Wherein Tertullian shows that the creator, or demiurge, whom Marcion calumniated, is the true and good God.38
Chapter I.—The Methods of Marcion's Argument Incorrect and Absurd. The Proper Course of t38
Chapter II.—The True Doctrine of God the Creator. The Heretics Pretended to a Knowledge o38
Chapter III.—God Known by His Works. His Goodness Shown in His Creative Energy; But Everl38
Chapter IV.—The Next Stage Occurs in the Creation of Man by the Eternal Word. Spiritual a38
Chapter V.—Marcion's Cavils Considered. His Objection Refuted, I.e., Man's Fall Showed Fa38
Chapter VI.—This Liberty Vindicated in Respect of Its Original Creation; Suitable Also fo38
Chapter VII.—If God Had Anyhow Checked Man's Liberty, Marcion Would Have Been Ready with39
Chapter VIII.—Man, Endued with Liberty, Superior to the Angels, Overcomes Even the Angel39
Chapter IX.—Another Cavil Answered, I.e., the Fall Imputable to God, Because Man's Soul i39
Chapter X.—Another Cavil Met, I.e., the Devil Who Instigated Man to Sin Himself the Creat39
Chapter XI.—If, After Man's Sin, God Exercised His Attribute of Justice and Judgment, Thi39
Chapter XII.—The Attributes of Goodness and Justice Should Not Be Separated. They are Com39
Chapter XIII.—Further Description of the Divine Justice; Since the Fall of Man It Has Reg39
Chapter XIV.—Evil of Two Kinds, Penal and Criminal. It is Not of the Latter Sort that God39
Chapter XV.—The Severity of God Compatible with Reason and Justice. When Inflicted, Not M39
Chapter XVI.—To the Severity of God There Belong Accessory Qualities, Compatible with Jus39
Chapter XVII.—Trace God's Government in History and in His Precepts, and You Will Find It40
Chapter XVIII.—Some of God's Laws Defended as Good, Which the Marcionites Impeached, Such40
Chapter XIX.—The Minute Prescriptions of the Law Meant to Keep the People Dependent on Go40
Chapter XX.—The Marcionites Charged God with Having Instigated the Hebrews to Spoil the E40
Chapter XXI.—The Law of the Sabbath-Day Explained. The Eight Days' Procession Around Jeri40
Chapter XXII.—The Brazen Serpent and the Golden Cherubim Were Not Violations of the Secon40
Chapter XXIII.—God's Purposes in Election and Rejection of the Same Men, Such as King Sau40
Chapter XXIV.—Instances of God's Repentance, and Notably in the Case of the Ninevites, Ac40
Chapter XXV.—God's Dealings with Adam at the Fall, and with Cain After His Crime, Admirab40
Chapter XXVI.—The Oath of God: Its Meaning. Moses, When Deprecating God's Wrath Against I41
Chapter XXVII.—Other Objections Considered. God's Condescension in the Incarnation. Nothi41
Chapter XXVIII.—The Tables Turned Upon Marcion, by Contrasts, in Favour of the True God.41
Chapter XXIX.—Marcion's Own Antitheses, If Only the Title and Object of the Work Be Excep41
Book III.42
Chapter I.—Introductory; A Brief Statement of the Preceding Argument in Connection with the Subject of This Book.42
Chapter II.—Why Christ's Coming Should Be Previously Announced.42
Chapter III.—Miracles Alone, Without Prophecy, an Insufficient Evidence of Christ's Mission.42
Chapter IV.—Marcion's Christ Not the Subject of Prophecy. The Absurd Consequences of This Theory of the Heretic.42
Chapter V.—Sundry Features of the Prophetic Style: Principles of Its Interpretation.42
Chapter VI.—Community in Certain Points of Marcionite and Jewish Error. Prophecies of Christ's Rejection Examined.42
Chapter VII.—Prophecy Sets Forth Two Different Conditions of Christ, One Lowly, the Other Majestic. This Fact Points to42
Chapter VIII.—Absurdity of Marcion's Docetic Opinions; Reality of Christ's Incarnation.42
Chapter IX.—Refutation of Marcion's Objections Derived from the Cases of the Angels, and the Pre-Incarnate Manifestatio43
Chapter X.—The Truly Incarnate State More Worthy of God Than Marcion's Fantastic Flesh.43
Chapter XI.—Christ Was Truly Born; Marcion's Absurd Cavil in Defence of a Putative Nativity.43
Chapter XII.—Isaiah's Prophecy of Emmanuel. Christ Entitled to that Name.43
Chapter XIII.—Isaiah's Prophecies Considered. The Virginity of Christ's Mother a Sign. Other Prophecies Also Signs. Met43
Chapter XIV.—Figurative Style of Certain Messianic Prophecies in the Psalms. Military Metaphors Applied to Christ.43
Chapter XV.—The Title Christ Suitable as a Name of the Creator's Son, But Unsuited to Marcion's Christ.43
Chapter XVI.—The Sacred Name Jesus Most Suited to the Christ of the Creator. Joshua a Type of Him.43
Chapter XVII.—Prophecies in Isaiah and the Psalms Respecting Christ's Humiliation.44
Chapter XVIII. —Types of the Death of Christ. Isaac; Joseph; Jacob Against Simeon and Levi; Moses Praying Agains44
Chapter XIX.—Prophecies of the Death of Christ.44
Chapter XX. —The Subsequent Influence of Christ's Death in the World Predicted. The Sure Mercies of David. What44
Chapter XXI.—The Call of the Gentiles Under the Influence of the Gospel Foretold.44
Chapter XXII.—The Success of the Apostles, and Their Sufferings in the Cause of the Gospel, Foretold.44
Chapter XXIII.—The Dispersion of the Jews, and Their Desolate Condition for Rejecting Christ, Foretold.44
Chapter XXIV.—Christ's Millennial and Heavenly Glory in Company with His Saints.45
Book IV.45
Chapter I.—Examination of the Antitheses of Marcion, Bringing Them to the Test of Marcion's Own Gospel. Certain True An45
Chapter II.—St. Luke's Gospel, Selected by Marcion as His Authority, and Mutilated by Him. The Other Gospels Equally Au45
Chapter III. —Marcion Insinuated the Untrustworthiness of Certain Apostles Whom St. Paul Rebuked. The Rebuke Sho45
Chapter IV.—Each Side Claims to Possess the True Gospel. Antiquity the Criterion of Truth in Such a Matter. Marcion's P45
Chapter V.—By the Rule of Antiquity, the Catholic Gospels are Found to Be True, Including the Real St. Luke's. Marcion'45
Chapter VI.—Marcion's Object in Adulterating the Gospel. No Difference Between the Christ of the Creator and the Christ46
Chapter VII.—Marcion Rejected the Preceding Portion of St. Luke's Gospel. Therefore This Review Opens with an Examinati46
Chapter VIII.—Other Proofs from the Same Chapter, that Jesus, Who Preached at Nazareth, and Was Acknowledged by Certain46
Chapter IX.—Out of St. Luke's Fifth Chapter are Found Proofs of Christ's Belonging to the Creator, E.g. In the Call of46
Chapter X.—Further Proofs of the Same Truth in the Same Chapter, from the Healing of the Paralytic, and from the Design46
Chapter XI.—The Call of Levi the Publican. Christ in Relation to the Baptist. Christ as the Bridegroom. The Parable of47
Chapter XII.—Christ's Authority Over the Sabbath. As Its Lord He Recalled It from Pharisaic Neglect to the Original Pur47
Chapter XIII.—Christ's Connection with the Creator Shown. Many Quotations Out of the Old Testament Prophetically Bear o47
Chapter XIV.—Christ's Sermon on the Mount. In Manner and Contents It So Resembles the Creator's Dispensational Words an47
Chapter XV.—Sermon on the Mount Continued. Its Woes in Strict Agreement with the Creator's Disposition. Many Quotations48
Chapter XVI.—The Precept of Loving One's Enemies. It is as Much Taught in the Creator's Scriptures of the Old Testament48
Chapter XVII.—Concerning Loans. Prohibition of Usury and the Usurious Spirit. The Law Preparatory to the Gospel in Its48
Chapter XVIII.—Concerning the Centurion's Faith. The Raising of the Widow's Son. John Baptist, and His Message to Chris49
Chapter XIX.—The Rich Women of Piety Who Followed Jesus Christ's Teaching by Parables. The Marcionite Cavil Derived fro49
Chapter XX.—Comparison of Christ's Power Over Winds and Waves with Moses' Command of the Waters of the Red Sea and the49
Chapter XXI.—Christ's Connection with the Creator Shown from Several Incidents in the Old Testament, Compared with St.49
Chapter XXII.—The Same Conclusion Supported by the Transfiguration. Marcion Inconsistent in Associating with Christ in50
Chapter XXIII.—Impossible that Marcion's Christ Should Reprove the Faithless Generation. Such Loving Consideration for50
Chapter XXIV.—On the Mission of the Seventy Disciples, and Christ's Charge to Them. Precedents Drawn from the Old Testa50
Chapter XXV.—Christ Thanks the Father for Revealing to Babes What He Had Concealed from the Wise. This Concealment Judi50
Chapter XXVI.—From St. Luke's Eleventh Chapter Other Evidence that Christ Comes from the Creator. The Lord's Prayer and51
Chapter XXVII.—Christ's Reprehension of the Pharisees Seeking a Sign. His Censure of Their Love of Outward Show Rather51
Chapter XXVIII.—Examples from the Old Testament, Balaam, Moses, and Hezekiah, to Show How Completely the Instruction an51
Chapter XXIX.—Parallels from the Prophets to Illustrate Christ's Teaching in the Rest of This Chapter of St. Luke. The51
Chapter XXX.—Parables of the Mustard-Seed, and of the Leaven. Transition to the Solemn Exclusion Which Will Ensue When52
Chapter XXXI.—Christ's Advice to Invite the Poor in Accordance with Isaiah. The Parable of the Great Supper a Pictorial52
Chapter XXXII.—A Sort of Sorites, as the Logicians Call It, to Show that the Parables of the Lost Sheep and the Lost Dr52
Chapter XXXIII.—The Marcionite Interpretation of God and Mammon Refuted. The Prophets Justify Christ's Admonition Again52
Chapter XXXIV.—Moses, Allowing Divorce, and Christ Prohibiting It, Explained. John Baptist and Herod. Marcion's Attempt52
Chapter XXXV.—The Judicial Severity of Christ and the Tenderness of the Creator, Asserted in Contradiction to Marcion.53
Chapter XXXVI.—The Parables of the Importunate Widow, and of the Pharisee and the Publican. Christ's Answer to the Rich53
Chapter XXXVII.—Christ and Zacchæus. The Salvation of the Body as Denied by Marcion. The Parable of the Ten Servants En53
Chapter XXXVIII.—Christ's Refutations of the Pharisees. Rendering Dues to Cæsar and to God. Next of the Sadducees, Resp53
Chapter XXXIX.—Concerning Those Who Come in the Name of Christ. The Terrible Signs of His Coming. He Whose Coming is So54
Chapter XL.—How the Steps in the Passion of the Saviour Were Predetermined in Prophecy. The Passover. The Treachery of54
Chapter XLI.—The Woe Pronounced on the Traitor a Judicial Act, Which Disproves Christ to Be Such as Marcion Would Have54
Chapter XLII.—Other Incidents of the Passion Minutely Compared with Prophecy. Pilate and Herod. Barabbas Preferred to J54
Chapter XLIII.—Conclusions. Jesus as the Christ of the Creator Proved from the Events of the Last Chapter of St. Luke.54
Book V.55
Chapter I.—Introductory. The Apostle Paul Himself Not the Preacher of a New God. Called by Jesus Christ, Although After55
Chapter II.—On the Epistle to the Galatians. The Abolition of the Ordinances of the Mosaic Law No Proof of Another God.55
Chapter III.—St. Paul Quite in Accordance with St. Peter and Other Apostles of the Circumcision. His Censure of St. Pet55
Chapter IV.—Another Instance of Marcion's Tampering with St. Paul's Text. The Fulness of Time, Announced by the Apostle55
Chapter V.—The First Epistle to the Corinthians. The Pauline Salutation of Grace and Peace Shown to Be Anti-Marcionite.56
Chapter VI.—The Divine Way of Wisdom, and Greatness, and Might. God's Hiding of Himself, and Subsequent Revelation. To56
Chapter VII.—St. Paul's Phraseology Often Suggested by the Jewish Scriptures. Christ Our Passover—A Phrase Which Intro56
Chapter VIII.—Man the Image of the Creator, and Christ the Head of the Man. Spiritual Gifts. The Sevenfold Spirit Descr56
Chapter IX.—The Doctrine of the Resurrection. The Body Will Rise Again. Christ's Judicial Character. Jewish Perversions57
Chapter X.—Doctrine of the Resurrection of the Body, Continued. How are the Dead Raised? and with What Body Do They Com57
Chapter XI.—The Second Epistle to the Corinthians. The Creator the Father of Mercies. Shown to Be Such in the Old Testa57
Chapter XII.—The Eternal Home in Heaven. Beautiful Exposition by Tertullian of the Apostle's Consolatory Teaching Again58
Chapter XIII.—The Epistle to the Romans. St. Paul Cannot Help Using Phrases Which Bespeak the Justice of God, Even When58
Chapter XIV.—The Divine Power Shown in Christ's Incarnation. Meaning of St. Paul's Phrase. Likeness of Sinful Flesh. No58
Chapter XV.—The First Epistle to the Thessalonians. The Shorter Epistles Pungent in Sense and Very Valuable. St. Paul U58
Chapter XVI.—The Second Epistle to the Thessalonians. An Absurd Erasure of Marcion; Its Object Transparent. The Final J59
Chapter XVII.—The Epistle to the Laodiceans. The Proper Designation is to the Ephesians. Recapitulation of All Things i59
Chapter XVIII.—Another Foolish Erasure of Marcion's Exposed. Certain Figurative Expressions of the Apostle, Suggested b59
Chapter XIX.—The Epistle to the Colossians. Time the Criterion of Truth and Heresy. Application of the Canon. The Image59
Chapter XX.—The Epistle to the Philippians. The Variances Amongst the Preachers of Christ No Argument that There Was Mo60
Chapter XXI.—The Epistle to Philemon. This Epistle Not Mutilated. Marcion's Inconsistency in Accepting This, and Reject60
Containing an Argument Against His Opinion that Matter is Eternal.60
Chapter I.—The Opinions of Hermogenes, by the Prescriptive Rule of Antiquity Shown to Be Heretical. Not Derived from Ch60
Chapter II.—Hermogenes, After a Perverse Induction from Mere Heretical Assumptions, Concludes that God Created All Thin60
Chapter III.—An Argument of Hermogenes. The Answer: While God is a Title Eternally Applicable to the Divine Being, Lord60
Chapter IV.—Hermogenes Gives Divine Attributes to Matter, and So Makes Two Gods.60
Chapter V.—Hermogenes Coquets with His Own Argument, as If Rather Afraid of It. After Investing Matter with Divine Qual60
Chapter VI.—The Shifts to Which Hermogenes is Reduced, Who Deifies Matter, and Yet is Unwilling to Hold Him Equal with60
Chapter VII.—Hermogenes Held to His Theory in Order that Its Absurdity May Be Exposed on His Own Principles.60
Chapter VIII.—On His Own Principles, Hermogenes Makes Matter, on the Whole, Superior to God.60
Chapter IX.—Sundry Inevitable But Intolerable Conclusions from the Principles of Hermogenes.60
Chapter X.—To What Straits Hermogenes Absurdly Reduces the Divine Being. He Does Nothing Short of Making Him the Author61
Chapter XI.—Hermogenes Makes Great Efforts to Remove Evil from God to Matter. How He Fails to Do This Consistently with61
Chapter XII.—The Mode of Controversy Changed. The Premisses of Hermogenes Accepted, in Order to Show into What Confusio61
Chapter XIII.—Another Ground of Hermogenes that Matter Has Some Good in It. Its Absurdity.61
Chapter XIV.—Tertullian Pushes His Opponent into a Dilemma.61
Chapter XV.—The Truth, that God Made All Things from Nothing, Rescued from the Opponent's Flounderings.61
Chapter XVI.—A Series of Dilemmas. They Show that Hermogenes Cannot Escape from the Orthodox Conclusion.61
Chapter XVII.—The Truth of God's Work in Creation. You Cannot Depart in the Least from It, Without Landing Yourself in61
Chapter XVIII.—An Eulogy on the Wisdom and Word of God, by Which God Made All Things of Nothing.61
Chapter XIX.—An Appeal to the History of Creation. True Meaning of the Term Beginning, Which the Heretic Curiously Wres61
Chapter XX.—Meaning of the Phrase—In the Beginning. Tertullian Connects It with the Wisdom of God, and Elicits from It61
Chapter XXI.—A Retort of Heresy Answered. That Scripture Should in So Many Words Tell Us that the World Was Made of Not61
Chapter XXII.—This Conclusion Confirmed by the Usage of Holy Scripture in Its History of the Creation. Hermogenes in Da62
Chapter XXIII.—Hermogenes Pursued to Another Passage of Scripture. The Absurdity of His Interpretation Exposed.62
Chapter XXIV.—Earth Does Not Mean Matter as Hermogenes Would Have It.62
Chapter XXV.—The Assumption that There are Two Earths Mentioned in the History of the Creation, Refuted.62
Chapter XXVI.—The Method Observed in the History of the Creation, in Reply to the Perverse Interpretation of Hermogenes62
Chapter XXVII.—Some Hair-Splitting Use of Words in Which His Opponent Had Indulged.62
Chapter XXVIII.—A Curious Inconsistency in Hermogenes Exposed. Certain Expressions in The History of Creation Vindicate62
Chapter XXIX.—The Gradual Development of Cosmical Order Out of Chaos in the Creation, Beautifully Stated.62
Chapter XXX.—Another Passage in the Sacred History of the Creation, Released from the Mishandling of Hermogenes.62
Chapter XXXI.—A Further Vindication of the Scripture Narrative of the Creation, Against a Futile View of Hermogenes.62
Chapter XXXII.—The Account of the Creation in Genesis a General One, Corroborated, However, by Many Other Passages of t62
Chapter XXXIII.—Statement of the True Doctrine Concerning Matter. Its Relation to God's Creation of the World.62
Chapter XXXIV.—A Presumption that All Things Were Created by God Out of Nothing Afforded by the Ultimate Reduction of A62
Chapter XXXV.—Contradictory Propositions Advanced by Hermogenes Respecting Matter and Its Qualities.63
Chapter XXXVI.—Other Absurd Theories Respecting Matter and Its Incidents Exposed in an Ironical Strain. Motion in Matte63
Chapter XXXVII.—Ironical Dilemmas Respecting Matter, and Sundry Moral Qualities Fancifully Attributed to It.63
Chapter XXXIII.—Other Speculations of Hermogenes, About Matter and Some of Its Adjuncts, Shown to Be Absurd. For Instan63
Chapter XXXIX.—These Latter Speculations Shown to Be Contradictory to the First Principles Respecting Matter, Formerly63
Chapter XL.—Shapeless Matter an Incongruous Origin for God's Beautiful Cosmos. Hermogenes Does Not Mend His Argument by63
Chapter XLI.—Sundry Quotations from Hermogenes. Now Uncertain and Vague are His Speculations Respecting Motion in Matte63
Chapter XLII.—Further Exposure of Inconsistencies in the Opinions of Hermogenes Respecting the Divine Qualities of Matt63
Chapter XLIII.—Other Discrepancies Exposed and Refuted Respecting the Evil in Matter Being Changed to Good.63
Chapter XLIV.—Curious Views Respecting God's Method of Working with Matter Exposed. Discrepancies in the Heretic's Opin63
Chapter XLV.—Conclusion. Contrast Between the Statements of Hermogenes and the Testimony of Holy Scripture Respecting t63
Against the Valentinians64
Chapter I.—Introductory. Tertullian Compares the Heresy to the Old Eleusinian Mysteries. Both Systems Alike in Preferri64
Chapter II.—These Heretics Brand the Christians as Simple Persons. The Charge Accepted, and Simplicity Eulogized Out of64
Chapter III.—The Folly of This Heresy. It Dissects and Mutilates the Deity. Contrasted with the Simple Wisdom of True R64
Chapter IV.—The Heresy Traceable to Valentinus, an Able But Restless Man. Many Schismatical Leaders of the School Menti64
Chapter V.—Many Eminent Christian Writers Have Carefully and Fully Refuted the Heresy. These the Author Makes His Own G64
Chapter VI.—Although Writing in Latin He Proposes to Retain the Greek Names of the Valentinian Emanations of Deity. Not64
Chapter VII.—The First Eight Emanations, or Æons, Called the Ogdoad, are the Fountain of All the Others. Their Names an64
Chapter VIII.—The Names and Descent of Other Æons; First Half a Score, Then Two More, and Ultimately a Dozen Besides. T64
Chapter IX.—Other Capricious Features in the System. The Æons Unequal in Attributes. The Superiority of Nus; The Vagari64
Chapter X.—Another Account of the Strange Aberrations of Sophia, and the Restraining Services of Horus. Sophia Was Not64
Chapter XI.—The Profane Account Given of the Origin of Christ and the Holy Ghost Sternly Rebuked. An Absurdity Respecti64
Chapter XII.—The Strange Jumble of the Pleroma. The Frantic Delight of the Members Thereof. Their Joint Contribution of64
Chapter XIII.—First Part of the Subject, Touching the Constitution of the Pleroma, Briefly Recapitulated. Transition to65
Chapter XIV.—The Adventures of Achamoth Outside the Pleroma. The Mission of Christ in Pursuit of Her. Her Longing for C65
Chapter XV.—Strange Account of the Origin of Matter, from the Various Affections of Achamoth. The Waters from Her Tears65
Chapter XVI.—Achamoth Purified from All Impurities of Her Passion by the Paraclete, Acting Through Soter, Who Out of th65
Chapter XVII.—Achamoth in Love with the Angels. A Protest Against the Lascivious Features of Valentinianism. Achamoth B65
Chapter XVIII.—Blasphemous Opinion Concerning the Origin of the Demiurge, Supposed to Be the Creator of the Universe.65
Chapter XIX.—Palpable Absurdities and Contradictions in the System Respecting Achamoth and the Demiurge.65
Chapter XX—The Demiurge Works Away at Creation, as the Drudge of His Mother Achamoth, in Ignorance All the While of the65
Chapter XXI.—The Vanity as Well as Ignorance of the Demiurge. Absurd Results from So Imperfect a Condition.65
Chapter XXII.—Origin of the Devil, in the Criminal Excess of the Sorrow of Achamoth. The Devil, Called Also Munditenens65
Chapter XXIII.—The Relative Positions of the Pleroma. The Region of Achamoth, and the Creation of the Demiurge. The Add65
Chapter XXIV.—The Formation of Man by the Demiurge. Human Flesh Not Made of the Ground, But of a Nondescript Philosophi65
Chapter XXV.—An Extravagant Way of Accounting for the Communication of the Spiritual Nature to Man. It Was Furtively Ma65
Chapter XXVI.—The Three Several Natures—The Material, the Animal, and the Spiritual, and Their Several Destinations. T65
Chapter XXVII.—The Christ of the Demiurge, Sent into the World by the Virgin. Not of Her. He Found in Her, Not a Mother65
Chapter XXVIII.—The Demiurge Cured of His Ignorance by the Saviour's Advent, from Whom He Hears of the Great Future in65
Chapter XXIX.—The Three Natures Again Adverted to. They are All Exemplified Amongst Men. For Instance, by Cain, and Abe65
Chapter XXX.—The Lax and Dangerous Views of This Sect Respecting Good Works. That These are Unnecessary to the Spiritua65
Chapter XXXI.—At the Last Day Great Changes Take Place Amongst the Æons as Well as Among Men. How Achamoth and the Demi65
Chapter XXXII.—Indignant Irony Exposing the Valentinian Fable About the Judicial Treatment of Mankind at the Last Judgm66
Chapter XXXIII.—These Remaining Chapters an Appendix to the Main Work. In This Chapter Tertullian Notices a Difference66
Chapter XXXIV.—Other Varying Opinions Among the Valentinians Respecting the Deity, Characteristic Raillery.66
Chapter XXXV.—Yet More Discrepancies. Just Now the Sex of Bythus Was an Object of Dispute; Now His Rank Comes in Questi66
Chapter XXXVI.—Less Reprehensible Theories in the Heresy. Bad is the Best of Valentinianism.66
Chapter XXXVII.—Other Turgid and Ridiculous Theories About the Origin of the Æons and Creation, Stated and Condemned.66
Chapter XXXVIII.—Diversity in the Opinions of Secundus, as Compared with the General Doctrine of Valentinus.66
Chapter XXXIX.—Their Diversity of Sentiment Affects the Very Central Doctrine of Christianity, Even the Person and Char66
On the Flesh of Christ66
Chapter I.—The General Purport of This Work. The Heretics, Marcion, Apelles, and Valentinus, Wishing to Impugn the Doct66
Chapter II.—Marcion, Who Would Blot Out the Record of Christ's Nativity, is Rebuked for So Startling a Heresy.66
Chapter III.—Christ's Nativity Both Possible and Becoming. The Heretical Opinion of Christ's Apparent Flesh Deceptive a66
Chapter IV.—God's Honour in the Incarnation of His Son Vindicated. Marcion's Disparagement of Human Flesh Inconsistent66
Chapter V.—Christ Truly Lived and Died in Human Flesh. Incidents of His Human Life on Earth, and Refutation of Marcion'66
Chapter VI.—The Doctrine of Apelles Refuted, that Christ's Body Was of Sidereal Substance, Not Born. Nativity and Morta67
Chapter VII.—Explanation of the Lord's Question About His Mother and His Brethren. Answer to the Cavils of Apelles and67
Chapter VIII.—Apelles and His Followers, Displeased with Our Earthly Bodies, Attributed to Christ a Body of a Purer Sor67
Chapter IX.—Christ's Flesh Perfectly Natural, Like Our Own. None of the Supernatural Features Which the Heretics Ascrib67
Chapter X.—Another Class of Heretics Refuted. They Alleged that Christ's Flesh Was of a Finer Texture, Animalis, Compos67
Chapter XI.—The Opposite Extravagance Exposed. That is Christ with a Soul Composed of Flesh—Corporeal, Though Invisibl67
Chapter XII.—The True Functions of the Soul. Christ Assumed It in His Perfect Human Nature, Not to Reveal and Explain I67
Chapter XIII.—Christ's Human Nature. The Flesh and the Soul Both Fully and Unconfusedly Contained in It.68
Chapter XIV.—Christ Took Not on Him an Angelic Nature, But the Human. It Was Men, Not Angels, Whom He Came to Save.68
Chapter XV.—The Valentinian Figment of Christ's Flesh Being of a Spiritual Nature, Examined and Refuted Out of Scriptur68
Chapter XVI.—Christ's Flesh in Nature, the Same as Ours, Only Sinless. The Difference Between Carnem Peccati and Peccat68
Chapter XVII.—The Similarity of Circumstances Between the First and the Second Adam, as to the Derivation of Their Fles68
Chapter XVIII.—The Mystery of the Assumption of Our Perfect Human Nature by the Second Person of the Blessed Trinity. H68
Chapter XIX.—Christ, as to His Divine Nature, as the Word of God, Became Flesh, Not by Carnal Conception, Nor by the Wi68
Chapter XX.—Christ Born of a Virgin, of Her Substance. The Physiological Facts of His Real and Exact Birth of a Human M68
Chapter XXI.—The Word of God Did Not Become Flesh Except in the Virgin's Womb and of Her Substance. Through His Mother68
Chapter XXII.—Holy Scripture in the New Testament, Even in Its Very First Verse, Testifies to Christ's True Flesh. In V69
Chapter XXIII.—Simeon's "Sign that Should Be Contradicted," Applied to the Heretical Gainsaying of the True Birth of Ch69
Chapter XXIV.—Divine Strictures on Various Heretics Descried in Various Passages of Prophetical Scripture. Those Who As69
Chapter XXV.—Conclusion. This Treatise Forms a Preface to the Other Work, "On the Resurrection of the Flesh," Proving t69
On the Resurrection of the Flesh69
Chapter I.—The Doctrine of the Resurrection of the Body Brought to Light by the Gospel. The Faintest Glimpses of Someth69
Chapter II.—The Jewish Sadducees a Link Between the Pagan Philosophers and the Heretics on This Doctrine. Its Fundament69
Chapter III.—Some Truths Held Even by the Heathen. They Were, However, More Often Wrong Both in Religious Opinions and69
Chapter IV.—Heathens and Heretics Alike in Their Vilification of the Flesh and Its Functions, the Ordinary Cavils Again69
Chapter V.—Some Considerations in Reply Eulogistic of the Flesh. It Was Created by God. The Body of Man Was, in Fact, P69
Chapter VI.—Not the Lowliness of the Material, But the Dignity and Skill of the Maker, Must Be Remembered, in Gauging t69
Chapter VII.—The Earthy Material of Which Flesh is Created Wonderfully Improved by God's Manipulation. By the Addition70
Chapter VIII.—Christianity, by Its Provision for the Flesh, Has Put on It the Greatest Honour. The Privileges of Our Re70
Chapter IX.—God's Love for the Flesh of Man, as Developed in the Grace of Christ Towards It. The Flesh the Best Means o70
Chapter X.—Holy Scripture Magnifies the Flesh, as to Its Nature and Its Prospects.70
Chapter XI.—The Power of God Fully Competent to Effect the Resurrection of the Flesh.70
Chapter XII.—Some Analogies in Nature Which Corroborate the Resurrection of the Flesh.70
Chapter XIII.—From Our Author's View of a Verse in the Ninety-Second Psalm, the Phoenix is Made a Symbol of the Resurre70
Chapter XIV.—A Sufficient Cause for the Resurrection of the Flesh Occurs in the Future Judgment of Man. It Will Take Co70
Chapter XV.—As the Flesh is a Partaker with the Soul in All Human Conduct, So Will It Be in the Recompense of Eternity.70
Chapter XVI.—The Heretics Called the Flesh "The Vessel of the Soul," In Order to Destroy the Responsibility of the Body70
Chapter XVII.—The Flesh Will Be Associated with the Soul in Enduring the Penal Sentences of the Final Judgment.71
Chapter XVIII.—Scripture Phrases and Passages Clearly Assert "The Resurrection of the Dead." The Force of This Very Phr71
Chapter XIX.—The Sophistical Sense Put by Heretics on the Phrase "Resurrection of the Dead," As If It Meant the Moral C71
Chapter XX.—Figurative Senses Have Their Foundation in Literal Fact. Besides, the Allegorical Style is by No Means the71
Chapter XXI.—No Mere Metaphor in the Phrase Resurrection of the Dead. In Proportion to the Importance of Eternal Truths71
Chapter XXII.—The Scriptures Forbid Our Supposing Either that the Resurrection is Already Past, or that It Takes Place71
Chapter XXIII.—Sundry Passages of St. Paul, Which Speak of a Spiritual Resurrection, Compatible with the Future Resurre71
Chapter XXIV.—Other Passages Quoted from St. Paul, Which Categorically Assert the Resurrection of the Flesh at the Fina71
Chapter XXV.—St. John, in the Apocalypse, Equally Explicit in Asserting the Same Great Doctrine.71
Chapter XXVI.—Even the Metaphorical Descriptions of This Subject in the Scriptures Point to the Bodily Resurrection, th72
Chapter XXVII.—Certain Metaphorical Terms Explained of the Resurrection of the Flesh.72
Chapter XXVIII.—Prophetic Things and Actions, as Well as Words, Attest This Great Doctrine.72
Chapter XXIX.—Ezekiel's Vision of the Dry Bones Quoted.72
Chapter XXX.—This Vision Interpreted by Tertullian of the Resurrection of the Bodies of the Dead. A Chronological Error72
Chapter XXXI.—Other Passages Out of the Prophets Applied to the Resurrection of the Flesh.72
Chapter XXXII.—Even Unburied Bodies Will Be Raised Again. Whatever Befalls Them God Will Restore Them Again. Jonah's Ca72
Chapter XXXIII.—So Much for the Prophetic Scriptures. In the Gospels, Christ's Parables, as Explained by Himself, Have72
Chapter XXXIV.—Christ Plainly Testifies to the Resurrection of the Entire Man. Not in His Soul Only, Without the Body.72
Chapter XXXV.—Explanation of What is Meant by the Body, Which is to Be Raised Again. Not the Corporeality of the Soul.73
Chapter XXXVI.—Christ's Refutation of the Sadducees, and Affirmation of Catholic Doctrine.73
Chapter XXXVII.—Christ's Assertion About the Unprofitableness of the Flesh Explained Consistently with Our Doctrine.73
Chapter XXXVIII.—Christ, by Raising the Dead, Attested in a Practical Way the Doctrine of the Resurrection of the Flesh73
Chapter XXXIX.—Additional Evidence Afforded to Us in the Acts of the Apostles.73
Chapter XL.—Sundry Passages of St. Paul Which Attest Our Doctrine Rescued from the Perversions of Heresy.73
Chapter XLI.—The Dissolution of Our Tabernacle Consistent with the Resurrection of Our Bodies.73
Chapter XLII.—Death Changes, Without Destroying, Our Mortal Bodies. Remains of the Giants.73
Chapter XLIII.—No Disparagement of Our Doctrine in St. Paul's Phrase, Which Calls Our Residence in the Flesh Absence fr73
Chapter XLIV.—Sundry Other Passages of St. Paul Explained in a Sentence Confirmatory of Our Doctrine.74
Chapter XLV.—The Old Man and the New Man of St. Paul Explained.74
Chapter XLVI.—It is the Works of the Flesh, Not the Substance of the Flesh, Which St. Paul Always Condemns.74
Chapter XLVII.—St. Paul, All Through, Promises Eternal Life to the Body.74
Chapter XLVIII.—Sundry Passages in the Great Chapter of the Resurrection of the Dead Explained in Defence of Our Doctri74
Chapter XLIX.—The Same Subject Continued. What Does the Apostle Exclude from the Dead? Certainly Not the Substance of t74
Chapter L.—In What Sense Flesh and Blood are Excluded from the Kingdom of God.74
Chapter LI.—The Session of Jesus in His Incarnate Nature at the Right Hand of God a Guarantee of the Resurrection of Ou75
Chapter LII.—From St. Paul's Analogy of the Seed We Learn that the Body Which Died Will Rise Again, Garnished with the75
Chapter LIII.—Not the Soul, But the Natural Body Which Died, is that Which is to Rise Again. The Resurrection of Lazaru75
Chapter LIV.—Death Swallowed Up of Life. Meaning of This Phrase in Relation to the Resurrection of the Body.75
Chapter LV.—The Change of a Thing's Condition is Not the Destruction of Its Substance. The Application of This Principl75
Chapter LVI.—The Procedure of the Last Judgment, and Its Awards, Only Possible on the Identity of the Risen Body with O75
Chapter LVII.—Our Bodies, However Mutilated Before or After Death, Shall Recover Their Perfect Integrity in the Resurre75
Chapter LVIII.—From This Perfection of Our Restored Bodies Will Flow the Consciousness of Undisturbed Joy and Peace.76
Chapter LIX.—Our Flesh in the Resurrection Capable, Without Losing Its Essential Identity, of Bearing the Changed Condi76
Chapter LX.—All the Characteristics of Our Bodies—Sex, Various Limbs, Etc.—Will Be Retained, Whatever Change of Funct76
Chapter LXI.—The Details of Our Bodily Sex, and of the Functions of Our Various Members. Apology for the Necessity Whic76
Chapter LXII.—Our Destined Likeness to the Angels in the Glorious Life of the Resurrection.76
Chapter LXIII.—Conclusion. The Resurrection of the Flesh in Its Absolute Identity and Perfection. Belief of This Had Be76
In Which He Defends, in all Essential Points, the Doctrine of the Holy Trinity.77
Chapter I.—Satan's Wiles Against the Truth. How They Take the Form of the Praxean Heresy. Account of the Publi77
Chapter II.—The Catholic Doctrine of the Trinity and Unity, Sometimes Called the Divine Economy, or Dispensati77
Chapter III.—Sundry Popular Fears and Prejudices. The Doctrine of the Trinity in Unity Rescued from These Misa77
Chapter IV.—The Unity of the Godhead and the Supremacy and Sole Government of the Divine Being. The Monarchy N77
Chapter V.—The Evolution of the Son or Word of God from the Father by a Divine Procession. Illustrated by the77
Chapter VI.—The Word of God is Also the Wisdom of God. The Going Forth of Wisdom to Create the Universe, Accor77
Chapter VII.—The Son by Being Designated Word and Wisdom, (According to the Imperfection of Human Thought and77
Chapter VIII.—Though the Son or Word of God Emanates from the Father, He is Not, Like the Emanations of Valent77
Chapter IX.—The Catholic Rule of Faith Expounded in Some of Its Points. Especially in the Unconfused Distincti77
Chapter X.—The Very Names of Father and Son Prove the Personal Distinction of the Two. They Cannot Possibly Be78
Chapter XI.—The Identity of the Father and the Son, as Praxeas Held It, Shown to Be Full of Perplexity and Abs78
Chapter XII.—Other Quotations from Holy Scripture Adduced in Proof of the Plurality of Persons in the Godhead.78
Chapter XIII.—The Force of Sundry Passages of Scripture Illustrated in Relation to the Plurality of Persons an78
Chapter XIV.—The Natural Invisibility of the Father, and the Visibility of the Son Witnessed in Many Passages78
Chapter XV.—New Testament Passages Quoted. They Attest the Same Truth of the Son's Visibility Contrasted with78
Chapter XVI.—Early Manifestations of the Son of God, as Recorded in the Old Testament; Rehearsals of His Subse79
Chapter XVII.—Sundry August Titles, Descriptive of Deity, Applied to the Son, Not, as Praxeas Would Have It, O79
Chapter XVIII.—The Designation of the One God in the Prophetic Scriptures. Intended as a Protest Against Heath79
Chapter XIX.—The Son in Union with the Father in the Creation of All Things. This Union of the Two in Co-Opera79
Chapter XX.—The Scriptures Relied on by Praxeas to Support His Heresy But Few. They are Mentioned by Tertullia79
Chapter XXI.—In This and the Four Following Chapters It is Shewn, by a Minute Analysis of St. John's Gospel, t79
Chapter XXII.—Sundry Passages of St. John Quoted, to Show the Distinction Between the Father and the Son. Even79
Chapter XXIII.—More Passages from the Same Gospel in Proof of the Same Portion of the Catholic Faith. Praxeas'80
Chapter XXIV.—On St. Philip's Conversation with Christ. He that Hath Seen Me, Hath Seen the Father. This Text80
Chapter XXV.—The Paraclete, or Holy Ghost. He is Distinct from the Father and the Son as to Their Personal Exi80
Chapter XXVI.—A Brief Reference to the Gospels of St. Matthew and St. Luke. Their Agreement with St. John, in80
Chapter XXVII.—The Distinction of the Father and the Son, Thus Established, He Now Proves the Distinction of t80
Chapter XXVIII.—Christ Not the Father, as Praxeas Said. The Inconsistency of This Opinion, No Less Than Its Ab80
Chapter XXIX.—It Was Christ that Died. The Father is Incapable of Suffering Either Solely or with Another. Bla81
Chapter XXX.—How the Son Was Forsaken by the Father Upon the Cross. The True Meaning Thereof Fatal to Praxeas.81
Chapter XXXI.—Retrograde Character of the Heresy of Praxeas. The Doctrine of the Blessed Trinity Constitutes t81
Antidote for the Scorpion's Sting.81
Chapter I.81
Chapter II.81
Chapter III.81
Chapter IV.81
Chapter V.81
Chapter VI.82
Chapter VII.82
Chapter VIII.82
Chapter IX.82
Chapter X.82
Chapter XI.83
Chapter XII.83
Chapter XIII.83
Chapter XIV.83
Chapter XV.83
On Repentance.84
Chapter I.—Of Heathen Repentance.84
Chapter II.—True Repentance a Thing Divine, Originated by God, and Subject to His Laws.84
Chapter III.—Sins May Be Divided into Corporeal and Spiritual. Both Equally Subject, If Not to Human, Yet to Divine Inv84
Chapter IV.—Repentance Applicable to All the Kinds of Sin. To Be Practised Not Only, Nor Chiefly, for the Good It Bring84
Chapter V.—Sin Never to Be Returned to After Repentance.84
Chapter VI.—Baptism Not to Be Presumptously Received. It Requires Preceding Repentance, Manifested by Amendment of Life84
Chapter VII.—Of Repentance, in the Case of Such as Have Lapsed After Baptism.84
Chapter VIII.—Examples from Scripture to Prove the Lord's Willingness to Pardon.84
Chapter IX.—Concerning the Outward Manifestations by Which This Second Repentance is to Be Accompanied.85
Chapter X.—Of Men's Shrinking from This Second Repentance and Exomologesis, and of the Unreasonableness of Such Shrinki85
Chapter XI.—Further Strictures on the Same Subject.85
Chapter XII.—Final Considerations to Induce to Exomologesis.85
On Baptism.85
Chapter I.—Introduction. Origin of the Treatise.85
Chapter II.—The Very Simplicity of God's Means of Working, a Stumbling-Block to the Carnal Mind.85
Chapter III.—Water Chosen as a Vehicle of Divine Operation and Wherefore. Its Prominence First of All in Creation.85
Chapter IV.—The Primeval Hovering of the Spirit of God Over the Waters Typical of Baptism. The Universal Element of Wat85
Chapter V.—Use Made of Water by the Heathen. Type of the Angel at the Pool of Bethsaida.85
Chapter VI.—The Angel the Forerunner of the Holy Spirit. Meaning Contained in the Baptismal Formula.85
Chapter VII.—Of the Unction.85
Chapter VIII.—Of the Imposition of Hands. Types of the Deluge and the Dove.85
Chapter IX.—Types of the Red Sea, and the Water from the Rock.85
Chapter X.—Of John's Baptism.85
Chapter XI.—Answer to the Objection that "The Lord Did Not Baptize."86
Chapter XII.—Of the Necessity of Baptism to Salvation.86
Chapter XIII.—Another Objection: Abraham Pleased God Without Being Baptized. Answer Thereto. Old Things Must Give Place86
Chapter XIV.—Of Paul's Assertion, that He Had Not Been Sent to Baptize.86
Chapter XV.—Unity of Baptism. Remarks on Heretical And Jewish Baptism.86
Chapter XVI.—Of the Second Baptism—With Blood.86
Chapter XVII.—Of the Power of Conferring Baptism.86
Chapter XVIII.—Of the Persons to Whom, and the Time When, Baptism is to Be Administered.86
Chapter XIX.—Of the Times Most Suitable for Baptism.86
Chapter XX.—Of Preparation For, and Conduct After, the Reception of Baptism.86
On Prayer.87
Chapter I.—General Introduction.87
Chapter II.—The First Clause.87
Chapter III.—The Second Clause.87
Chapter IV.—The Third Clause.87
Chapter V.—The Fourth Clause.87
Chapter VI.—The Fifth Clause.87
Chapter VII.—The Sixth Clause.87
Chapter VIII.—The Seventh or Final Clause.87
Chapter IX.—Recapitulation.87
Chapter X.—We May Superadd Prayers of Our Own to the Lord's Prayer.87
Chapter XI.—When Praying the Father, You are Not to Be Angry with a Brother.87
Chapter XII.—We Must Be Free Likewise from All Mental Perturbation.87
Chapter XIII.—Of Washing the Hands.87
Chapter XIV.—Apostrophe.87
Chapter XV.—Of Putting Off Cloaks.87
Chapter XVI.—Of Sitting After Prayer.87
Chapter XVII.—Of Elevated Hands.87
Chapter XVIII.—Of the Kiss of Peace.87
Chapter XIX.—Of Stations.87
Chapter XX.—Of Women's Dress.87
Chapter XXI.—Of Virgins.87
Chapter XXII.—Answer to the Foregoing Arguments.87
Chapter XXIII.—Of Kneeling.88
Chapter XXIV.—Of Place for Prayer.88
Chapter XXV.—Of Time for Prayer.88
Chapter XXVI.—Of the Parting of Brethren.88
Chapter XXVII.—Of Subjoining a Psalm.88
Chapter XXVIII.—Of the Spiritual Victim, Which Prayer is.88
Chapter XXIX.—Of the Power of Prayer.88
Ad Martyras.88
Chapter I.88
Chapter II.88
Chapter III.88
Chapter IV.88
Chapter V.88
Chapter VI.88
Of Patience.89
Chapter I.—Of Patience Generally; And Tertullian's Own Unworthiness to Treat of It.89
Chapter II.—God Himself an Example of Patience.89
Chapter III.—Jesus Christ in His Incarnation and Work a More Imitable Example Thereof.89
Chapter IV.—Duty of Imitating Our Master Taught Us by Slaves. Even by Beasts. Obedient Imitation is Founded on Patience89
Chapter V.—As God is the Author of Patience So the Devil is of Impatience.89
Chapter VI.—Patience Both Antecedent and Subsequent to Faith.89
Chapter VII.—The Causes of Impatience, and Their Correspondent Precepts.89
Chapter VIII.—Of Patience Under Personal Violence and Malediction.89
Chapter IX.—Of Patience Under Bereavement.89
Chapter X.—Of Revenge.89
Chapter XI.—Further Reasons for Practising Patience. Its Connection with the Beatitudes.89
Chapter XII.—Certain Other Divine Precepts. The Apostolic Description of Charity. Their Connection with Patience.90
Chapter XIII.—Of Bodily Patience.90
Chapter XIV.—The Power of This Twofold Patience, the Spiritual and the Bodily. Exemplified in the Saints of Old.90
Chapter XV.—General Summary of the Virtues and Effects of Patience.90
Chapter XVI.—The Patience of the Heathen Very Different from Christian Patience. Theirs Doomed to Perdition. Ours Desti90

Against Praxeas; Against Marcion; On Baptism; Apology

Contents