Cloud of Witnesses
3 witnesses
Credits

Texts, editions, portraits

Everything a reader sees here was written by someone else. This page says who, in which edition, and under what terms.

The Bible texts

TextLanguageTerms
BSB
Berean Standard Bible
EnglishBerean Standard Bible, dedicated to the public domain (CC0) by the Berean Bible in 2023. berean.bible
KJV
King James Version
EnglishAuthorized (King James) Version, 1611/1769. Public domain worldwide except in the United Kingdom, where it is Crown copyright under perpetual letters patent administered by Cambridge University Press; UK readers see it here as quotation for scholarship.
WEB
World English Bible
EnglishWorld English Bible, a public-domain revision of the American Standard Version by eBible.org.

Each text is set as its edition sets it: the paragraphs, lines of poetry, section headings and psalm titles come from the editions’ USFM files published by eBible.org (ebible.org/Scriptures). Quotations are also matched against the Douay-Rheims Bible, Challoner revision (1749–52), which is public domain. It is used only to find the Catholic writers’ quotations and is not shown. Verse numbering follows the King James tradition.

The writers’ works

126 works by 89 writers are quoted. All were published before 1931 and so are in the public domain in the United States. Nearly all are free everywhere else too; the exception we know of is W. E. B. Du Bois (died 1963), still in copyright in countries that count seventy years from an author’s death. The texts were archived from four libraries:

Every passage in the database records the archived file and the line numbers it came from; the Read in context button and the Source link on each passage lead back to them.

All 139 works, by writer
WriterWorkEditionArchive
Clement of RomeFirst Epistle to the Corinthians (c. 96)Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 1 (1885)
Ignatius of AntiochEpistles (c. 108)Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 1 (1885)
PolycarpEpistle to the Philippians (c. 110–140)Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 1 (1885)
Justin MartyrFirst Apology; Dialogue with Trypho (c. 155–160)Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 1 (1885)ccel.org
IrenaeusAgainst Heresies (c. 180)Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 1 (1885)ccel.org
Clement of AlexandriaExhortation to the Greeks; The Instructor; Stromata (c. 190–215)Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 2 (1885)ccel.org
TertullianAgainst Praxeas; Against Marcion; On Baptism; Apology (c. 197–213)Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 3 (1885)ccel.org
Remaining treatises (c. 200–220)Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 4 (1885)ccel.org
HippolytusRefutation of All Heresies; On Christ and Antichrist; fragments on Daniel (c. 200–230)Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 5 (1886)ccel.org
OrigenCommentary on Matthew (c. 246)Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 9 (1896)ccel.org
Commentary on the Gospel of John (c. 231)trans. Allan Menzies, Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 9 (1896)ccel.org
De Principiis; Against Celsus (c. 220–248)Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 4 (1885)ccel.org
Homilies on Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Joshua, Luke, etc. (c. 239–249) · on file, not yet quotedNo public-domain English edition
CyprianEpistles; Treatises (incl. On the Lord's Prayer, On the Unity of the Church) (c. 249–258)Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 5 (1886)ccel.org
AphrahatDemonstrations (337–345)NPNF 2nd series vol. 13 (1898)
AthanasiusFour Discourses Against the Arians; Festal Letters; Life of Antony (c. 339–367)NPNF 2nd series vol. 4 (1892)ccel.org
On the Incarnation of the Word (c. 318)trans. Archibald Robertson, NPNF 2nd series vol. 4 (1892)ccel.org
Ephrem the SyrianHymns and homilies (selections) (c. 350–373)NPNF 2nd series vol. 13 (1898)ccel.org
Hilary of PoitiersOn the Trinity (c. 356–360)NPNF 2nd series vol. 9 (1899)ccel.org
Cyril of JerusalemCatechetical Lectures (c. 350)NPNF 2nd series vol. 7 (1894)ccel.org
Gregory of NazianzusOrations (incl. Five Theological Orations); Letters (c. 379–381)NPNF 2nd series vol. 7 (1894)ccel.org
Basil the GreatHexaemeron; On the Holy Spirit; Letters (c. 370–378)NPNF 2nd series vol. 8 (1895)ccel.org
Gregory of NyssaAgainst Eunomius; On the Making of Man; Great Catechism (c. 380–390)NPNF 2nd series vol. 5 (1893)ccel.org
AmbroseExposition of the Gospel of Luke; Hexaemeron (c. 377–389) · on file, not yet quotedNo public-domain English edition
On the Holy Spirit; On the Mysteries; Letters; select works (c. 378–390)NPNF 2nd series vol. 10 (1896)ccel.org
John ChrysostomHomilies on 1 & 2 Corinthians (c. 392–397)NPNF 1st series vol. 12 (1889)ccel.org
Homilies on Acts and Romans (c. 391–400)NPNF 1st series vol. 11 (1889)ccel.org
Homilies on Galatians through Philemon (c. 392–400)NPNF 1st series vol. 13 (1889)ccel.org
Homilies on Genesis; Homilies on the Psalms (c. 386–390) · on file, not yet quotedNo public-domain English edition
Homilies on Hebrews (c. 402)NPNF 1st series vol. 14 (1889)ccel.org
Homilies on Matthew (c. 390)NPNF 1st series vol. 10 (1888)ccel.org
Homilies on the Gospel of John (c. 391)NPNF 1st series vol. 14 (1889)ccel.org
JeromeCommentaries on the Prophets, Matthew, Galatians, Ephesians, etc. (c. 386–420) · on file, not yet quotedNo public-domain English edition
Letters; Against Jovinianus; select works (c. 370–419)NPNF 2nd series vol. 6 (1893)ccel.org
Augustine of HippoAnti-Pelagian writings (c. 412–428)NPNF 1st series vol. 5 (1887)ccel.org
City of God; On Christian Doctrine (c. 397–426)NPNF 1st series vol. 2 (1887)ccel.org
Confessions; Letters (c. 397–400)NPNF 1st series vol. 1 (1886)ccel.org
Expositions on the Psalms (c. 392–418)NPNF 1st series vol. 8 (1888)ccel.org
Homilies on 1 John; Soliloquies (c. 407)NPNF 1st series vol. 7 (1888)ccel.org
On the Trinity; doctrinal and moral treatises (c. 400–420)NPNF 1st series vol. 3 (1887)ccel.org
Sermon on the Mount; Harmony of the Gospels; Sermons on NT lessons (c. 394–400)NPNF 1st series vol. 6 (1888)ccel.org
The Literal Meaning of Genesis (c. 401–415) · on file, not yet quotedNo public-domain English edition
Tractates on the Gospel of John (c. 406–407)trans. John Gibb, NPNF 1st series vol. 7 (1888)ccel.org
Cyril of AlexandriaCommentary on the Gospel of John (c. 425–428)trans. P. E. Pusey & T. Randell, Library of the Fathers (1874–1885)
Theodoret of CyrusEcclesiastical History; Letters; Dialogues (c. 447–450)NPNF 2nd series vol. 3 (1892)ccel.org
Leo the GreatSermons; Letters (incl. the Tome) (c. 440–461)NPNF 2nd series vol. 12 (1895)ccel.org
Gregory the GreatMorals on the Book of Job (Moralia) (c. 578–595)Library of the Fathers (1844–1850)
Pastoral Rule; Letters (c. 590–604)NPNF 2nd series vols. 12–13 (1895–98)ccel.org
BedeCommentaries on Mark, Luke, Acts, Genesis, the Catholic Epistles, etc. (c. 703–731) · on file, not yet quotedNo public-domain English edition (partly in Catena Aurea)
Ecclesiastical History of the English People (731)trans. A. M. Sellar (1907)
John of DamascusExposition of the Orthodox Faith (c. 743)NPNF 2nd series vol. 9 (1899)ccel.org
Anselm of CanterburyCur Deus Homo; Proslogion (1078–1098)trans. Sidney Norton Deane (1903)
Bernard of ClairvauxSermons on the Song of Songs (1135–1153)trans. Samuel J. Eales (1895)
Thomas AquinasCatena Aurea (Golden Chain) on the Four Gospels (1262–1264) · on file, not yet quotedOxford translation, ed. J. H. Newman (1841–1845)
Commentaries on John, Matthew, and the Pauline Epistles (c. 1260–1273) · on file, not yet quotedNo public-domain English edition
Summa Theologica (1265–1274)Fathers of the English Dominican Province (1911–1925)
Julian of NorwichRevelations of Divine Love (c. 1395)ed. Grace Warrack (1901)
Thomas à KempisThe Imitation of Christ (c. 1418–1427)19th-century translations (several)
Martin LutherChurch Postil (sermons on the Gospel & Epistle lessons) (1521–1544)ed. John Nicholas Lenker (1904–1909)
Commentary on Galatians (1535)English translation (1575), 19th-century revised editions
Lectures on Genesis, Romans, Psalms, Isaiah, etc. (German/Latin originals) (1513–1545) · on file, not yet quotedPre-1931 volumes of the Weimar edition or the Erlangen edition (1826–1857)
Sermons (CCEL selection) (various)Lenker edition selection
The Bondage of the Will; Table Talk; Small & Large Catechisms (1525–1566)trans. Henry Cole (1823); Hazlitt (1848); 19th-c. catechism translations
William TyndaleDoctrinal Treatises and Introductions to the Holy Scriptures (1525–1536)Parker Society (1848)
John CalvinCommentaries on the rest of the Bible (~45 volumes) (1540–1564)Calvin Translation Society (1843–1855)
Commentary on John, vol. 1 (chs. 1–11) (1553)trans. William Pringle (1847)ccel.org
Institutes of the Christian Religion (1559)trans. Henry Beveridge (1845)
John KnoxWorks (1550s–1572)ed. David Laing (1846–1864)
John DonneSermons (LXXX Sermons etc.); Holy Sonnets (1624–1640)Original editions
George HerbertA Priest to the Temple, or, The Country Parson (1632)first printed 1652ccel.org
The Temple (1633)Original edition
John OwenExposition of the Epistle to the Hebrews (1668–1684)ed. W. H. Goold (1854–1855)
Works (theological treatises) (1640s–1683)ed. W. H. Goold (1850–1853)
John BunyanThe Pilgrim's Progress; Grace Abounding (1666–1684)Original editions
Matthew HenryCommentary on the Whole Bible, vol. 5 (Matthew–John) (1706–1710)Original editionccel.org
Commentary on the Whole Bible, vols. 1–4 and 6 (1706–1714)Original edition (Acts–Revelation completed by colleagues)
John GillExposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763)Original edition
Jonathan EdwardsWorks (incl. Religious Affections, sermons, "Notes on Scripture") (1731–1758)ed. Edward Hickman (1834)
John WesleyExplanatory Notes upon the Old and New Testaments (1755 (NT), 1765 (OT))Original editionsccel.org
Sermons on Several Occasions (1746–1760)Original edition
George WhitefieldSermons (1739–1770)Original editions
Olaudah EquianoThe Interesting Narrative (1789)Original edition
Lemuel HaynesSermons (1776–1833)Original editions
Phillis WheatleyPoems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral (1773)Original edition
Richard AllenThe Life, Experience, and Gospel Labours of the Rt. Rev. Richard Allen (1833)Original edition
Adam ClarkeCommentary on the Holy Bible (1810–1826)Original edition
Charles FinneyLectures on Revivals of Religion; Systematic Theology (1835; 1846–1847)Original editions
Charles HodgeCommentary on Romans; Systematic Theology (1835; 1871–1873)Original editions
Sojourner TruthNarrative of Sojourner Truth (1850)Original edition (1850), written down by Olive Gilbert from Sojourner Truth’s account
Albert BarnesNotes on the Old and New Testaments (1832–1853)Original edition
John Henry NewmanEssay on the Development of Christian Doctrine; Apologia; Grammar of Assent (1845–1870)Original editions
Parochial and Plain Sermons (1834–1843)Original edition
Jamieson, Fausset & BrownCommentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)Original edition
Keil & DelitzschBiblical Commentary on the Old Testament (1861–1875 (English 1866–1891))T&T Clark English translation (1866–1891)
Søren KierkegaardFor Self-Examination; Works of Love; Fear and Trembling (1843–1851) · on file, not yet quotedNo public-domain English edition (Hong translations are copyrighted)
Selections from the Writings of Kierkegaard (1843–1855 (English 1923))trans. Lee M. Hollander (University of Texas, 1923)gutenberg.org
J. C. RyleExpository Thoughts on the Gospels (1856–1869)Original edition
Holiness (1877)Original edition
Frederick DouglassNarrative of the Life (incl. Appendix on Christianity); "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" (1845; 1852)Original editions
Fyodor DostoevskyThe Brothers Karamazov (1880 (English 1912))trans. Constance Garnett (1912)
George MacDonaldThe Hope of the Gospel; The Miracles of Our Lord (1870; 1892)Original editions
Unspoken Sermons, First and Second Series (1867; 1885)Original editions
Unspoken Sermons, Third Series (1889)Original editionccel.org
Frances E. W. HarperPoems; Iola Leroy (1854–1892)Original editions
B. F. WestcottThe Gospel According to St. John; commentaries on Hebrews and 1–3 John (1880–1889)Original editions
Andrew MurrayAbide in Christ; With Christ in the School of Prayer; Humility (1882–1895)Original editions
Leo TolstoyThe Kingdom of God Is Within You; What I Believe (1884–1894)trans. Constance Garnett (1894) and others
Christina RossettiThe Face of the Deep (on Revelation); Poems (1892)Original edition
Hannah Whitall SmithThe Christian's Secret of a Happy Life (1875)Original edition
Hudson TaylorUnion and Communion (on the Song of Songs) (1894)Original edition
Charles SpurgeonMetropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 12 (1866)Original editionccel.org
Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vols. 13–63 (1867–1917)Original edition
New Park Street & Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vols. 1–11 (1855–1865)Original edition
The Treasury of David (Psalms) (1869–1885)Original edition
E. M. BoundsPower Through Prayer (1907)Original edition
Abraham KuyperLectures on Calvinism (Stone Lectures) (1898)Original edition
D. L. MoodySermons; Secret Power (1870s–1899)Original editions
Adolf von HarnackWhat Is Christianity? (1900 (English 1901))trans. Thomas Bailey Saunders (1901)
B. B. WarfieldThe Lord of Glory; Counterfeit Miracles; Revelation and Inspiration (1907–1927)Original editions
Herman BavinckGereformeerde Dogmatiek (Reformed Dogmatics) (1895–1901) · on file, not yet quotedNo public-domain English edition
The Philosophy of Revelation (1908–1909)The Stone Lectures for 1908–1909 (Longmans, Green, 1909)ccel.org
Charles SheldonIn His Steps (1896)Original edition
Francis ThompsonProse (The Works of Francis Thompson, vol. III) (1888–1907)ed. Wilfrid Meynell (Burns & Oates, 1913)archive.org
Saint Ignatius Loyola (1906–1907)ed. John Hungerford Pollen (Burns & Oates, 1910)archive.org
The Hound of Heaven (1890) · on file, not yet quotedOriginal edition
Walter RauschenbuschChristianity and the Social Crisis; A Theology for the Social Gospel (1907; 1917)Original editions
Amy CarmichaelThings as They Are; other pre-1931 works (1903–1930)Original editions
W. E. B. Du BoisThe Souls of Black Folk (1903)Original edition
Thérèse of LisieuxStory of a Soul (1898 (English 1912))trans. Thomas N. Taylor (1912)
Oswald ChambersBiblical Psychology (1912)God’s Revivalist Office, Cincinnati (1914)archive.org
My Utmost for His Highest (1924 (UK), 1927 (US)) · on file, not yet quotedOriginal edition
G. K. ChestertonHeretics; St. Francis of Assisi; essays (1905–1923)Original editions
Orthodoxy (1908)Original editionccel.org
The Everlasting Man (1925)Original editionccel.org
Albert SchweitzerThe Quest of the Historical Jesus (1906 (English 1910))trans. W. Montgomery (1910)
Evelyn UnderhillMysticism; Practical Mysticism (1911; 1914)Original editions
J. Gresham MachenChristianity and Liberalism (1923)Original edition
The Origin of Paul's Religion; What Is Faith?; The Virgin Birth of Christ (1921–1930)Original editions
A. W. PinkThe Sovereignty of God; early "Studies in the Scriptures" (1918–1930)Original editions

Portraits

Portraits come from Wikimedia Commons. Public-domain paintings, engravings and photographs are shown as they are; works under Creative Commons licences are credited below as their licences require. If you believe an image is wrongly attributed, tell us.

FigureArtist / sourceLicence
Clement of RomeUnknown · CommonsPublic domain
Ignatius of AntiochAnonymousUnknown author · CommonsPublic domain
PolycarpPravoslavnyChristianin · CommonsCC0
Justin MartyrTheophanes the Cretan · CommonsPublic domain
IrenaeusLucien Bégule · CommonsPublic domain
Clement of AlexandriaAndré Thévet · CommonsPublic domain
HippolytusDobroš © Dana Stehlíková · CommonsCC BY-SA 4.0
Origenunknown · CommonsPublic domain
AthanasiusByzantine Institute staff · CommonsCC0
Cyril of JerusalemAnonymousUnknown author · CommonsPublic domain
Gregory of NazianzusUnknown authorUnknown author · CommonsCopyrighted free use
Basil the GreatUnknown authorUnknown author · CommonsPublic domain
Gregory of NyssaAnonymousUnknown author · CommonsPublic domain
John Chrysostomunknown · CommonsPublic domain
Cyril of AlexandriaRabe! · CommonsCC BY-SA 4.0
Theodoret of CyrusJutory · CommonsCC BY-SA 4.0
John of DamascusUnknown authorUnknown author · CommonsPublic domain
TertullianAndré Thevet · CommonsPublic domain
CyprianThe original uploader was Bwag at German Wikipedia. · CommonsPublic domain
Hilary of PoitiersRichard de Montbaston et collaborateurs. · CommonsPublic domain
Ambroseunknown · CommonsPublic domain
JeromeMatthias Stom · CommonsPublic domain
Augustine of HippoPhilippe de Champaigne · CommonsPublic domain
Leo the GreatFrancisco Herrera the Younger · CommonsPublic domain
Gregory the GreatBritish Library · CommonsCC0
AphrahatInternet Archive Book Images · CommonsNo restrictions
Ephrem the SyrianAnonymousUnknown author · CommonsPublic domain
Bedehttp://www.e-codices.unifr.ch/de/bke/0047/1v · CommonsPublic domain
Anselm of CanterburyAnselm_of_Canterbury,_seal.jpg: The original uploader was Srnec at English Wikipedia. derivative work: MLWatts · CommonsPublic domain
Bernard of Clairvauxunknown · CommonsPublic domain
Thomas AquinasCarlo Crivelli · CommonsPublic domain
Julian of NorwichUser:Poliphilo · CommonsCC0
Thomas à Kempiszeitgenössischer Maler · CommonsPublic domain
Martin LutherLucas Cranach the Elder · CommonsPublic domain
William TyndaleMcCrie, Charles Greig, 1836-1910 Bèze, Théodore de, 1519-1605 · CommonsPublic domain
John CalvinAnonymous (France)Unknown author · CommonsPublic domain
John KnoxTheodore Beza, Icones (1580) · CommonsPublic domain
John OwenAttributed to John Greenhill · CommonsPublic domain
John BunyanThomas Sadler · CommonsPublic domain
Matthew HenryJ. Jenkins · CommonsPublic domain
John GillGeorge Vertue · CommonsPublic domain
Jonathan EdwardsHenry Augustus Loop after Joseph Badger · CommonsPublic domain
John WesleyAfter George Romney · CommonsPublic domain
George WhitefieldRobert Hunter · CommonsPublic domain
Adam ClarkeJohn P. Jenkinson (1790–1821) (possibly) · CommonsCC BY-SA 4.0
Charles FinneyUnknown authorUnknown author · CommonsPublic domain
Charles HodgeRembrandt Peale · CommonsPublic domain
Albert BarnesGeorge Edward Perine · CommonsPublic domain
J. C. RyleHerbert Rose Barraud · CommonsPublic domain
Andrew Murrayunknown · CommonsPublic domain
Hannah Whitall Smithunknown · CommonsPublic domain
Hudson TaylorLondon: Morgan & Scott · CommonsPublic domain
Charles SpurgeonAlexander Melville · CommonsPublic domain
E. M. BoundsUnknown field photographer of the Confederate Army · CommonsPublic domain
D. L. MoodyCopyright by Barron Fredricks, NYC.D11791 U.S. Copyright Office. · CommonsPublic domain
Amy CarmichaelAishwarya A · CommonsPublic domain
Oswald ChambersContemporary photograph · CommonsPublic domain
A. W. PinkContemporary photograph · CommonsPublic domain
John Henry NewmanHerbert Rose Barraud · CommonsPublic domain
Thérèse of LisieuxCéline Martin · CommonsPublic domain
G. K. ChestertonErnest Herbert Mills · CommonsPublic domain
Olaudah EquianoUnknown authorUnknown author · CommonsPublic domain
Lemuel HaynesDaggett, Hinman & Co., sc. · CommonsPublic domain
Phillis WheatleyScipio Moorhead · CommonsPublic domain
Richard AllenDaniel A. Payne · CommonsPublic domain
Sojourner TruthRandall Studio · CommonsPublic domain
Frederick DouglassGeorge Kendall Warren · CommonsPublic domain
Frances E. W. HarperInternet Archive Book Images · CommonsNo restrictions
W. E. B. Du BoisJames E. Purdy / Adam Cuerden · CommonsPublic domain
Charles SheldonUncertain · CommonsPublic domain
Walter RauschenbuschUnknown authorUnknown author · CommonsPublic domain
Keil & DelitzschContemporary photograph · CommonsPublic domain
B. F. WestcottElliott & Fry · CommonsPublic domain
Abraham KuyperUnknown authorUnknown author · CommonsPublic domain
Adolf von HarnackUnknown authorUnknown author · CommonsPublic domain
B. B. WarfieldPeter Somers Heslam ピーター・ソマース へスラム 稲垣久和 豊川慎 · CommonsPublic domain
Herman BavinckAtelier Prinses · CommonsPublic domain
Albert SchweitzerUnknownUnknown · CommonsCC BY-SA 3.0 de
J. Gresham Machenunknown · CommonsPublic domain
John DonneAfter Isaac Oliver · CommonsPublic domain
George HerbertRobert White · CommonsPublic domain
Søren KierkegaardLa Biblioteca Real de Dinamarca · CommonsPublic domain
Fyodor DostoevskyVasily Perov · CommonsPublic domain
Leo TolstoySergei Prokudin-Gorskii · CommonsPublic domain
Christina RossettiDante Gabriel Rossetti · CommonsPublic domain
Francis ThompsonPublished by Herder, MO, USA · CommonsPublic domain
George MacDonaldWilliam Jeffrey (1826-1877) · CommonsPublic domain
Evelyn UnderhillPleshey Retreat House · CommonsPublic domain

Typefaces and software

Database built September 30, 2026. See also how it works and privacy & terms.

Texts & credits · Cloud of Witnesses