Psalm. As <jsi-
alws Il\ III
like new bottles (r,;zx nuue* like r:~N:. Josh. ix. 13), u*. not such as are tliemsclves new (daKoi kcuvul, Matt. ix. 17, for these do not hurst so easily), hut lik ties of new wine, which has to undergo the action of fermentation, LXX. oicrrep (f)vcn]TJ]p (Cud. Sinait.1 (pvarjTT]?) ^aX/ce&)9, i.e. Dvjhn (whence it is evident that a bottle and also a pair of bellows were called r,K). Since he will now yield to his irresistible impulse, in order that he may obtain air or free space, i.e.
.1 follows with a \ess ol it Eliha can at the his w< thus ad> atrary to the accento as relatively pa>t, extending in4
A I. J thi ihe Ah hath given me If.
7 Behold^ my ttrror shall not affright thee, essure shall not be heavy upon thee.
He has botli in common with Job: the spirituality as well as the earthliness of man's nature; but by virtue of the former he does not, indeed, feel himself exalted above Job's it above tl ook a amall piece says t:.
sod and daughter, ai becam | being*, and were really human.
•<s in hi w ill tl. an 1 1 will n len
-ht). It is tl:it who is i. an eqn with him by natr. itfa whom.1 I to do. If he i> not able to answer hii will fa *! as
8 Vitrify tJi<u htut tdi'l in mine ears, A III 'he sound of (In/ word
" Spotless am I. and I have no guilt,
11 u II 'h my feet in the stock*, u He observeth all my paths"
12 Behold, therein thou art not right, I will answer thre, For Eloah is too exalted for man.
With EHDIJ!|H Eliliu establishes the undeniable fact, maintenance is at the c istice. In \ r. 1J!,..
God's superhuman greatness; the Arabic vcr to a defence of Himself ■gainst such terwovon with accusatiool api Him.
11 Yet no — e way God tpeai
■i the overthrow of the l
: thei. sense it has become a p does really »|*»ak v n, altli Jol: i wber ged and in I wliic! it ft separate clause him who does i. remellios as a
God speaks I n: He I] as a witness in man1 es use of dn isumption, I the night and dream are formed aco to eh. iv. 13. In this condil
: II the car of men, an [moni- tion, is wh< 1 necessary for c<Ppa~j in the sense of infallible attestation and confirm*- un his bed, I 1 the Dumber <>f his liml he with this hi* Etaschi while the moltitode of his limbs i. the A- f% -"
be un •• the in! ind the multitmh with a constant tumult i Hire, and other Ver- might also be taken as a mtiva] clause: and the of «. ice of I.uilibrium of the powers, in the dissolution of their harmony, in the excitement of one against an \oL S. 287). "^ for *■' belong many defective forms of writi: this section.
D^t from DHT. In Arab, zahuma signifies to stink, like the Aram. DTJI (whence -~'\ lirt and stench), zahama to thrust back, restrain, after which Abu Suleiman Daud Alfasi, in his
If • heathen bare broken aa m)
id watted away, and explaini it I -. I I in tin away oik 1 ihrivelliog Up they ha.
and falling away of his limbs art* seen,
Dagtsh in t in all four the Alq custom in ti. I pointing which has become th fered tO fall awa\) is intended t that the Altph is re to be carefully pronounced m ■ guttural (to use an
Thus, then, the BOIll (the bearer of the life of the body; of the i view, that in these instances the pointed Aleph is to be
1 as j (therefore rime), is unfounded; moreover, the point over the
Aleph is certainly only improperly called Dage$kt it might at least just as suitably be called Mapj'ik.
i slay the man. if ht do the decree of death bg undent* because tin* Elihu Bed has a
, with Ike book i indeed, in treat to tin- DVTBS^ upeaki of an I iramii >arkablc:nstanccs, *uf-
I the it t nlv of a warning against tin n wage nost abandoned in conscf] n.
li<. require* B will, as on* among a to be, a God speak tlii. with the th, the TH3B who murd here for him wb f the abyss sre within the eztim-Isri h id within tl itriarchal 1 ptioiij and has so much the itiou, that II d calls himself G. and is call IG L He it is x an 1 Rul r, and Mthe Angel who delivi me from all evil;" it is the Angel w:cording to 1*. wxiv. 8, encampeth round about them tl r G. and delivered)
them; uthe Angel of tl. whom Esaiafa in the
, ch. lxiii.! OVah and His
Holy Spirit as a third It T Dp this perception,
Elilm demands for the d< diverance of man from the death which he has inenrred bj his s snperhnman angelic iiator. The u Angel of Jehovah" of primeval history is the oldest prefigurement in the history of redemption of the future incarnation, without which the Old Testament history would be ■ confused quodlibet of premises and radii, without a conclusion and a centre; and the angelic form is accordingly the oldest form which gives the hope of a deliverer, and to which it recurs, in conformity to the law of the circular connection between the beginning and end, in Mai. ii i - 1.
"X^O and fTO with h rav, aco tm,
/•I ui general i tor (aa the J erv I as a mediator who brings about lb* t with 7[ d and Lrnilt l»«-fore wrath, puniahm 1 account <>i Lrni!r. and in
The connect^ if the: tlie d tied
But wherefore should tin rsiiip of the an be excluded from the notion of the "IDS! Just thi ship is m uch as it puts t t him who by his
1 Wetzstein is inclined to regard i"z SI a metathesis of pfipJi *_;J. thru r, hold) him back from the grave. A proper name, j h often occurs among the Beduins, is of uncertain signification; perhaps it would serve as an explanation of VTJT1D.
flasliii arkoees, we hare altva
J 7 He tinge th to men and saith:
'• / had sinned and perverted xchat was strc.
ipense 28 hath delivered my soul into the }ity
Misled by the chai. the per/. ami jut. i:, JtT.
consumta est c is as is; Targ.: His flesh had been weakened (i"""""*, or made thin more than the flesh of a chil i bec< have been in his n.m!, in the sense of s] prendre son escoussi shaking (of disease). All these int. Mess; TjJ^ peculiar to the Elihu w\i. 18); and tftoEp is in th nly because* the passive
QdedrilitenJ would not n easily accommodate itaelf to inflexion which all those asserted signifh, which suit only the J'trf. sense, fall to the ground). The Chateph (■Steed of the simp!:d is only in <. e greater importance to the passive u. But as to the origin of the quadriliteral (on the four modes of the origin of roots of more than three radicals, vid. Jesurun, pp. 1G0-1G6), there is no reason for regarding it as a mixed form derived from two different verbs: it is formed just like Tip? (from £^B, by Arabizing = feHJ) with a sibilant termination from *flfi = 3D"}, and therefore signifies to be (to have been made) over moist or juicy. However, there is yet another almost more commendable explanation possible. In Arab, t/uijk signifies to further thought and penetration." Thus it is: between the Chokma of the canonical books and the poet-biblical development of the philosophy of religion (dogmatism) which culminates in Philo, there is an historical connection, and, indeed, one that has to do with the development of redemption. Vid. Luth. Zeitschrift, 1863, S. 219 ff.
porta and between the lamin» of
3 is correc lained by pr.l
-, in which latter, a I (as so fi ntly halts in like manner, sii raid be ezpi I by -~s~v
^~". By tht.' reference to psalmody which follows in old in.:. vit. 266 accordii such | in the tacted/*£. after tlie manner of a jussive, for "WB^; and perhaps it is a dialectic form, for the Kal mPKf = TBf occurs only besides in 1 Sam. xviii. 6 as Cluth With /J? (comp. Prov.
xxv. liO) it signifies to address a song to any one, to sing to him. Now follows the psalm of the favoured one in outline;
. 28 also belongs to it, where the Keri (Targ. Jer.), without any evident reason whatever, gets rid of the 1 pers. (LXX.?
says, as be bob back ashamed and is again risen ■ tbe gracious
\ Mill teach thee tcUJ< having described m"
I In AiaUo uf^i U tbc mort gsoeral expnmioi to be h at ai Kl equivalent to "ft cost d tha pal —v. r the fifth time in this h, without 1 • anywhere inl
!l rt,u" of no ordinary kind, which thm'- i[ asecon.l or third tin.-. baa,': baa aa and
Job quietly to ponder this, thai ba may proceed; Dererthe-
^ d ] i thinks he is ahh- to advance any appropriate ba m continually to a. him
(-••- with ace. of the person,. for be (Elihu) would willingly justify him, /.,. ha Would gladly be in the position to be ahh. to acknowledge Job to b • right, and to have the accusation dispensed with. Him, and others render falsely: I wish thy justification, i.e. thou sbouldst justify thyself; in this case -. -: ought to be supplied, which is unnecessary: "=7, without a change of subject, has the inf. constr. here without), as it lias the imf. absol. in ch. xiii. 3, and (>W signifies to vindicate (as ch. xxxii. 2), or acknowledge to be in°the right (as the Piel of (TO, ver. 12), both of which are blended here. The LXX, which translates Oekw yap SiKaicodijvai n, has probably read *£W (Ps. xxxv. 27). If it is not so (r«"=x as Gen. xxx. 1), viz. that he does not intend to defend himself with reference to his expostulation with God on i sanctum Job cont exclaims ni.is false wisdom of the hea isn ills uri. liif% itrum trad. one person — a i in the Tall regory the Greu *ses himseh lees u o con- lie also regards Klihu as an arrogant: as a type of a heathen i], and as a writing Attribute I iu's gpetvli, in oo with the si tno i • tho weak rambling ipe< of a..» says on in I.' the book standi there rati \ I be lal frith irhich i ri him to ik is the merited rewi In
•eches are meant in Intion, and;i: ot young m in hii nn- n can 'ill further, in h m en attempt ha to regard El ill u in in the in ism of the drai il maj utableto break off this unpleasant in than I it.
In fad this dogmatic criti ism i character and prodacei i painful impr For, granted that ir might therwise, and the po illy had designed to bring forward in th >f Elihu acting God's
S there be in this degrad an absn.tractor, in I a in arousing fn>m the sl< f security and
* poet '.it he intends the od re as. 'I are fullv 1.1: % fur: oct
J ice at the speeches ol i!iu, it may also he most feel him * as
;h 1 Is servant. hu — thu m this point
: him; but the moral jodgn > of he has d fulfil th<- also doea not sat; the poet, Elil es ar« only a thus negatii I the |
I because he does not know I ihu, r: he wishes to di J I his rd his affiic- 1 as a punishment from the angry ( -;. a chast nt of the God who d his big]
:iplinary affliction which is int 1 to a him against hurtful temptation to sin, especially to pride, by salutary humiliation, and will have a ^lorio. as soon M it has in itself accom] I thai at which it aims.
It is true on-' must li-: to discover the difference between the tone which Elihu t ind the tone in
1 'I \ition i *ive only p > far as Elihu causes Job to silent and to cease to murmur; but Jehovah draws from him a confession of penif a account of his murmuring. This positive relation of the app that for which Elihu negatively prepares the way,
1860, 4), and others, as favourable to the authenticity.
1, especially if be has fallen into such rainrying and meh Honouring again • i,] did; on which ii intended ' speeches of the fri ird as VKhy his affliction not as ji. tribnti
•s mi • sential difference i ihn'l stan I tin* ial standpoint of in the } vc know that Jol ned
I ■ loss of all earthly goods, I in tl, ith in the m be dai lit of ail]; that serpent, whose head cann< I I without it being felt in th in fu. led in N
T nt language, that it falls under I • of the p), which and n much in the him in th I with evil thai - in the world.
Elihu, set an ithei o in i a to the design of J affliction expressed in the | tic; on the contrary, lie
I from the assumpti n that tl. j design does not lude the other, and in connection with the imperfectness of the righteousness even of the holiest man, the one is easily the other; but it was not in his power to give expression to both grounds of ezplai of Job's affliction side 1>;. and thus to make this intermediate section "the beating heart*' l of tl The aspect of the afflictiofi as a ti as it were swallowed up by it. < hat the old writers' says, " Klihu j-mvcs that it ran indeed be it a man may fear and hon n the heart, an sequent! v be in favour with God, I 11 be heavily visi now a: n are also hidden from the pious," A speech, at least, we cannot f whose charisma does B ' mo up the older poet, who in this spe> horin;*ose n f moderu \hat i
>'s speeches. sin of '* ig oat what is trot speeches « friends,* W the book of J rl from
Inaov, this ression at the same tim the connection of the dra?
uestion is made * a quest*' the other pert* s book are sai I ave been written by one poet, there is an end to all err i questions genera 11;. ' ne cannot
1 ngstenber n* on 0* Book of Job.
It Bill do t: hi stand lo\ in the scale of the I men! be- ise the S h we in [saiah ii wanting in I as little ritual gloi these speeches, when we find
I upy a po hest worth in the als<. are [ venture I assert they si ' imate re with tie still simi \ ising language (/ lemm imque scrmonem t im si/rum..1 with lingui _fns that tie t who te this addition has lived r with the poet of I ok of Job in one spot beyond the II Jy Lan 1, and - i Hebrew hearing
.M. 100-200 years later; and, moreover, asserts that the book of Job has no foundation whatever in or.il tradition — Job is the bred of the exil i Judaea, etc.
ill other inaUncea wbent Um phrmae ooeti \a.1u>i- Xc'7f i, taking rd he sa j&nswf), whose attention be beepeaki, who are indeed a I as such a tu appearance of iu; also one capable of forming a
1 aaat haa aaaemblcd round the dispat.i u does not fipreaalj mean be cats he aa general thou
Wiilketh xritli i ■ pii ent-
. 1 i '.. i only as of the value of it of the guill timony:iful form oi nee of wi 1 to him, we find in i lea in ch. ix. 20 rod freq. Elihu i afflicti '-". m an Ing in him, viz. the arrow of the wrath of God (on the objective tu4 in cli.
■Trow, i.e. the pain which it i es him, is incurably bad,
•ins e as the ground of it, from which he would be
I Of J
obliged to suppose they had thrust hiru out of the conditio of favour, is Job's constant complaint (yid, e.g. ch. xiii. 23 sq. Another utterance of Job closely connected with it has i roused Elihu's indignation, that he prefaces it with the e: clamation of astonishment: Who is a man like Job, i.e. whe in all the world ("P as 2 Sam. vii. 23) has this Job his equ; who... The attributive clause refers to Job; "to drir scorn (here: blasphemy) like water/1 i ling to c xv. lf>, equivalent to to give on If op to mockery wi delight, ami to find satisfaction in it. n^r?? n^y1, to go ov to any one's side, looks like a poeticised prose expressio mb? is a continuation of the ""n%, according to Ew. ( 351, but not directly in the ind h. but, as in tl fre u, in the in the act of going;" comp. < does not profit, viz. himself (on tl: of |3D of persons and familiar interconrse '~^~-. ai little equivalent to P"in in PSt 1. 18) with Go<L Job has nowhere expressly said th but certainly the declaration in eh. ix. 22, in connection wi the repeated complaints concerning the anomalous distribute of human destinies (r/<7. especially ch. xxi. 7 sqq., xxiv. 1 sqq are the premises for such a conclusion. That Elihu, in ve: 7 sq., is more harsh against Job than the friends ever we (comp. e.g. the well-measured reproach of Eliphaz, ch. xv. 4 and that he puts words into Job's mouth which occur nowhe verbatim in his speeches, is worked up by the Latin fathe (Jer., Philippus Presbyter, Beda,1 Gregory) in favour of the
1 Philippus Presbyter was a disciple of Jerome. His Comm. in Iob\ is extant in many forms, partly epitomized, partly interpolated (on tl subject, vid. Hieronymi Opp. ed. Vallarsi, iii. 895 sqq.). The commenta of Beda, dedicated to a certain Nectarius (Vecterius), is fundamenta that of this Philippus.
^favourable judgment of Elihu; the Greek fathers, howrer, are deprived of all opportunity of understanding him f the translation of the LXX. (in which /iv/crnpiafiov gnifies the scorn of others which Job must swallow down, >mp. Prov. xxvi. 6), which here perverts everything.
3 Therefore, men of understanding, hearken to me!
Far be it from God to do evil,
And the Almighty to act wrongfully. 1 No indeed, mans work He recompenseth to him,
And according to mans walk He causeth it to be with him.
" Men of heart," according to Psychol. S. 249, comp. 254, equivalent to vorjitoves or vonpoi (LXX. avverol icaphlasi). 'he clause which Elihu makes prominent in the following?ply is the very axiom which the three defend, perfectly true l itself, but falsely applied by them: evil, wrong, are incon- *ivable on the part of God; instead of *WR it is only ^KH l the second member of the verse, with the omission of the rap. — a frequent form of ellipsis, particularly in Isaiah (ch. v. 8, xxviii. 6, xlviii. 14, lxi. 7, comp. Ezek. xxv. 15). Ear amoved from acting wickedly and wrongfully, on the con- *ary He practises recompense exactly apportioned to man's eeds, and ever according to the walk of each one (rntf like VI or W% e-g* Jer. xxxii. 19, in an ethical sense) He causes;- to overtake him, i.e. to happen to him (N^P1? only here nd ch. xxxvii. 13). The general assertion brought forward gainst Job is now proved.
2 Yea verily God acteili not wickedly,
And the A Imighty perverteth not the right.
3 Who hath given the earth in charge to Him? And who hath disposed the whole globe?
.4 If He only set His heart upon Himself
If HeJLook back His breath and His inspiration to Himself:
peatc resacd fi« sometimes earth; ami if we have un! rstood rer. 13a correctly, thought is also inap; v isgaine*: ' 'i: who has aed going log 'Ce the c the charge OQght to be the lurd of him 1 ' ' com-
God a '»y whose nn and mal world as v as the world of men [vid, xx draw in I '.:np. fur the D 1
(which emanated fr«-m Bin OT wai ted by Hii:
rs, has rafaWtti k of the anion rm), md man WOold return (this has human spirit, noco) to d feO t! ial use of the U <h.
Svr., tO man instead of rit v
1: si s ntum bonus esse (mi lint is worthy of remark that, according to Norn's at, the
Bahyloniaa texts presented 2*tr, ver. 11^7, as (. Ufa
De Rossi, with a Persian translation, confirms; the reading mves a fine idea: that God's heart is turned towards the world, and is unclosed; its ethical condition of life would then be like its physical ground of life, that God's spirit dwells in it; the drawing back of the heart, and the taking back to Himself of the spirit, would be equivalent to the exclusion of the world from God's love and life. However, ttfa implies the same; for a reference of God's thinking and willing to Himself, with the exclusion of the world, would be just a removal of His love. Elihu's proof is this: God does
*e,a* polite of sovereign trken to tk* mmmd of my wot not the nobU I € nil the un l ka* fopU art oocrikroven <ruAf contains several gramm m\
:ead of a conjun I to be expect poaitors, I HUm lta *** ft; l»ut this elliptical ~X\ w til as it mighl also be i, is insupportable; tin hanl between t lie tWO radi Ii ileo agiiini it, which rather arieoi from the aeMinip- is an optative p:i joined to the trnper. indeed poteti: is it alio poesible tl enemy of righ! ^:~, ved mutual 1 lition rvthi: mid fall into anarchy and confu is appl xl. 9) wilt thou ooodemn the mighty j. i.e. the
All-just?.ihu rails God Hfi: j;, as the Almi as th eh.
, with th. absol., but with I Jr.; the form
Tbw for lb* occurs aleo in ft 7, and is also other* tinction from the imperatives, which have CJiateph- Segal.
Inakes I the Creator a pa:
I torn tbh re is I inj.ar: ^ar as t I witb partiality stiff
IilT power (which, if it is called T, onl\ | this naui"
vioaalf m< s. Tlie division the accents may In fleceired with hesitation, since the symmetry which it t unfr tly wanting in the Eliltu section. V< r.! b back to the possess their losfl MUeStj for Dy cannot signify k* in ll.ihn); it is thei. and especially when nientio!
as her. 1 een princes and ru. md in fl
Listinctkx) from IJj the people I linga
Wherein the v of in might hi mselvi
As the preceding strophe showed that God's creative order excludes all partiality, SO this strophe shows that His omniscience qualifies Him to be an impartial judge. He sees everything, nothing can escape His gaze; He sees through man without being obliged to wait for the result of a judicial investigation. trip with?y does not here signify: to lay upon (Saad., Gecat.), but as ch. xxxvii. 15, and as with 'N (ver. 14) or 3 (ch. xxiii. 6): to direct one's attention (supply i27, ch. i. 8) towards anything; the fut. has here a modal signification; "iiy is used as e.g. Gen. xlvi. 29: again and again, continuously; and in the clause expressive of purpose it is?N'N (instead of VvK, a very favourite combination used throughout the whole book, ch. v. 8, viii. 5, xiii. 3, and so on) from ob* that I r into judgment with d setteth others in lh ice.
lit $eeih through their iro
M fU)l considered any of Hie %ta:
11. makes short work P?™^ ami in ^sequence of this coneec.) sets Q]
h no satisfactory instance exists;
aomcthir. witn wnat precedes besides in the book lob, a ig fact of omniscience, ir from the pt 1 facts, then serves tg.iiu in its nocteii i in t: in which Be has •
II (I'ml mrtii eot in nocUm.), and
, all rand in ti la what t: - not imj
It is eitbsjf to be translated: Ha throws them hy ni i or overthrow during the night, i.e. creates during the iit a n * things, and they who stood at the head
. il-doers, i.e. in the place where evil-doers Hah:;.), for nrr tt, only has ition with the. on Hah. iii. IGj; but not oth- in the evil-doers* stead, taking them ami then as such, as Jer. has \:lv tr.m.v quasi rwards is not exactly the usual place of judgment, hut any place whatever where all can see it. He smites those who hitherto held positions of eminence, as of unimpeachable honour, like the common criminal; PDO, /ii*, coih and then ictu rcsonante percutere, as likewise cognate <«_^ signifies first to box the ear (as,jjL> = /£&*), then so to strike that it smacks. As little as PJ5, \\i\ 25a, was s= rj;x p^ just so little is!?~^y ^% ver. 27a, = 10k P"^y (vuL on the other hand what is said on Gen. xviii. 5 concerning pTV"*-). Elihu wishes to say that they endure such a destiny of punishment, because they therefore, i.e. in order to suffer such, have turned aside from following r God, and have not thought on all His ways, i.e. guidings, which He manifested Himself to them: they have thus sought to cause the cry of the poor to come (Jer. well renders:
i exactly lik ire ■ Hii • r here or 1 Bol the g eUo not t ami ilrfia rule* both over the mass and ov< ivi- fasJfl alike* """ iva| intensity to the equality thus oorrelatn antithesis of peoples and U da. To the thought, that I. eth rest (from ssors) ai lei Hii oounte- nai:: >tn tl pressors and in general those who act wrongly), two oo-ordinate legatta Bnal daneei an ittaohedi xxi., in order that t > longer be (D = rriv mi I tluence < d of putting aside i ned in the I'rrc linal clause, therefore lik;i.,s to peo; -. those whose evil example and bad government become the ruin si tl mmnul
In \ lew of those who by some ju con
Hahn), is to b IS syn 1 fofflB of the in/in.
-""= k. xxvi. L5, does not as a palliation of this enturous imperative. It is, on the contrary, TOW with n ti •., as.. xxviii. 9 ~v:n", and probably also "ii-N"
nld also not be in place here, although what Elihu - levelled against Job. The *2 is confirmatory. Thus God acts with that class of unscrupulous men who abuse their power for the destruction of their subjects: for he (one of m) says (-or: has said, from the standpoint of the execution of puni-1 / to God, etc. Ew. differently: "for one says thus to God even: I expiate what I do not commit," by understanding the speech quoted of a defiance which reproachfully demands an explanation. It is, however, manifestly ible 1. I have reper bO bear whit I have deaen lion begins with the ti I ire beside that I the present tow has -reocr sclu 1 re done wrong, I will do it no more.
instead of wru be extorted, only r ached kou host to determine, not
\ou knomnut rptoJk c tnJentandino will toy to m i tcisi mum who lutcntlh to m< toktth without knowUd f xcor kout inUlligcn i hit tptocktt fijtiifirf God* ii put », whether then from him or acc^H see) shall (iod recompense as ibi ler»
<1 acconl man's e\ ons in general), Elihu proves from tin*, spised wn himsel: ited with »<le of
;>ens*, to that therefore (this second *? I war. because c her on account of tl.
choose (seek r mode of recompense, not Klih
.nowest, speak OOtlbeo I Elihu on his part knows that he docs not stand alone against censur. r of the e government of the w«
(understxi now) ns to him will villi liirn in the 0] ini-m that J \ talk is devoid of knowledge ai nee (on the form of writing 7*3^1 as be t me or last, i.e. let hi* trial continue until the ■ is decided (com;. Hah, i.
account of the opposition among men of iniqur manin ich (on this lkth of association con -:_,~2, ch.
is to be cleared up, lie adds W'£. the wickedness of blas- phemous speeches: amon -fore without fear) he
::ands scornfully t t, piED; only here thus
1 The mole of writing with c instead of tH is limited in the book of Job, according to the Maaora, to ch. xxxiv. XG, 37.
nly not unf: Dtlj writ! IK itli tliee a res: parent In an am I Codex of Zama<
:h tea- thy life and grant
Thai '-s is eon with ti be hit: /-form of an old \
ND, the foUowii atribntioni of V i will
In elucidation of the prea he ol The icna, that they?ety soon struck me, an my first inquiry I always received the same answer, that they are a mutilation of Jul 'ti, I desire, etc. [yul. 8uj>ra, p. 1G5], until one day a fugitive came into the consulate, and with these word?, all wdli seized me in that part of the body where the Arabs wear the girdle (zwn a symbolic action which one seeks some one's protection. Since the word here could not be equivalent to abghi ("I desire" thy parents), I turned to the person best acquainted with the idiom of had been a wanlerin. ic camp years;
me in Ikied of t, assured roe that amo
In the year 1858, in tin- course of a j strange Beduins v been i hat f)imjs)% ami n had at the sam i were total onnded man began to expreaa we adjure I fam; occurs moat
[fl generally has its o the ace prtrpt to flee a: is iu corre lal
I towards taty or impatient listener, as if:ied to show so* coatlv ob s as much as: I pray thee v till I have shown thee th oi thing, i.e. allow
• more remark thee in reference to tho n Moreorer. ^?>robablv i it a derived
HOWMit concretum in tho sense of dachil or >nc ae tfl unaltered in Hauran and in the ltej>jn\ Beduin introduces an inij><>r:.est witli thru
; while in Damascus they amy, and dachil ahlak,)\irimaky aulddai, i Bedoifl make use of t: in a weakened *; ation, in beg a piece of soap or sugar, and and Id U\\jetaky I thy War., h often heard.
markable instance in favour of tl. louring of the
E ihu section similar to the rest of th- % so to speak, dialectically llauranitish; while, on the otl.nd,
0 by this second speech, one cannot avoid the imprest of a great distance between it and the rest of the the language has a lofty tone, without its special harshness, there, being the necessary consequence of a carefully concentrated fulness of thought; moreover, here in general the HI
1 We cannot in any case, with Wetzst., explain the ^X 'IS ~ Kings ii. 12, xiii. 14, according to the above, so that the king of bnel adju the dying prophet by the national army and army of the faithful not to forsake him, as an Arab is now and then adjured in most urgent and straitened circumstances 4i by the army of Islam;" vid. on the other Laud, 8 Kii._-s vi. 21, corap. v. 13, viii. 9 0]22). Here rather, if an Arabian parallel be needed, the usual death wail, bi-ahi anta (thou wast dear as a father to me), e.g. in Kosegarten, Chrestom. p. 140, 3, is to be compared. *2S- 1 Beam* xxiv. 12, might more readily, with Ew. § 101, c, be brought in here and regarded as belonging to the North Palestine peculiarities of the book of Kings; but by a comparison of the passages cited, this is abo improbable.
judgm* es and peoples, and faun aUo all m c\i 1 fron nan a* f ami ii ial»v cwn otcr s '/c.«f tl. usness txctedtdi Go ami thinkest ihoa on this a it thy ness above the di\ > thou
-s, because God makes no distinct!
mea est prce Deo (j mparmtive
:np. on the matter xxxiv. juiva!
:bination would be allowable fr fact that, according to the usage of the language, u i anything*' is expressed 1 - ^"i, not ptocato met behold the ethereal height*: (hey are high above diee. what dost thou ejj 'agression* are many, what doest the vanls hearen i I » dire tn the tea tl t that is on t:, ositc blessed i ioss; injur tbti rosses himself rimUarlj in it to E mind it all fol motives to
.1 I US6 in ju fication of I again iiiunts as these, that g 'SS bears its rewarl and i bment in itself, and thai 1 1 is not a work of ii 'ss, nor His puni.t of i
8 By reason of the multitude of oppressions tit e a a
10 Bid none saith: W E \h my Creator^ Who: songs of B in the ttigl
11 M us by the beasts of the ear'
13 Vanity alone God heareth not7 And the Ah ighty observeth it not.
In ver. 9a the accentuation of 3hO with Dechi, according u>Ar\u, r:->: v-s-_\,,„„,,. | SmK nrfL 10, ft liter i. 100) m the beasts of the earth (so that from them as a met d teaching comes maki with this translation, accord i which \ means of the animal creal I also the
It i en \: • ruiinc the it affli< loes D Hi m I be almighty oral to take -V" • cdiL 7 1 in the iei
. with i..n, in the non exaudiet 4 which oon$tr, |
I -%v~ i complain unheard: holy as the
0 >hows, those >n of complaint t the arrogance of evil men which they have to eiKluiv. \\ r. 1.. - the reason of their obtain- ing no ai: On! 6 motion of the lips without the true spirit of prayer) God heareth not, and the Almighty observeth it not Halm wrongly denies W the significations -rumtamen; but we prefer the re- strictive signification (.-dieer emptiness or hollowness) which proceeds from the affirmative primary gigi ' hcrv.
iinea the adversa vtrumtam** mom famdil, has foe easioo
.* cause luth l> id thorn mayssi w Hun, opmt mouth without reason,
I reeled to Joh exchlfliv t here treats he ari« istice which prevail among men and remain apperei n punished; but to Joh, however, also, so far as be uii. 8
:* signifies elsewhere auamto mv quanto mat/ 11, but nowhere yeasaao minus si li or ohoaIo may oi Lick, naturally • stiam quum, it can also sigoifjr stia' stsu as here snd Ncl. • quamris dicas (opisu i of 1 itter sayt the cooclosiot to— is other
0 thou thinkest: the matter to be decided lies before 1 1 tead of 7H* or rfto only here, com p. Pa.. £ iVvmm); the trtxluced, two relations are possil i his mo However now, because to be taken as ti L5a, v« *t Dot ai
;it as an interrog 1 into rrogatm use of
In connection with thi fcive rendering of ver. ]
it still remains questional! thor it refers * in, or sin which i among men. The I of this third
•v its daiD, to 0:i valley after the winter Jled el- athern aDg<. break forth, rent iuelf on the phrase: dost thou make me a mefe*
1 Tli.1 signification fipandere also underlies the noun. the In:
(in ially carminnre, to card
wool), which the Ta IPDC*E i the I
a; the origin of the trop. s:_ il clear
from In'ish, empty nut.~ • rice from ti l alley of
a fault in the East) in coo- •■. it bi.:eaks in pieces
(comp. on the other hand: if the seed for I to the bottom
when put into water, it is good; if it swims on the surface, j it i3
bad). The PUl of t I signifies to cause the water to overflow,
trop. /".alhahu, he gave air to his heart, i.e. he revealed a secret
which burdened him. A proverb says: the market (with its life and changing scenes) is a ft skikdsk of cares, i.e. c a troubled heart. In
the Iliph. one says in like manner proverbially, el-bukd jufishsh, weeping removes the anguish of the soul. — Wetzst.
. frith the rest of the book. ntirmod; while, on I iss tl.., h..eel like waves one upon am ind m
. i alrea three friends and Job himself. 1 avenging wrath the 'itineee •
!. is more natural than t! t of a
One per ge stands before tk iiu's preceding tlnvo speech at a oontinu of the others. Job is ton
, \l/.. out of t': tlm of history and nature.
The expi i pro |ru follows the ana:. i naa sively to Kiiliu, sincr Klihu nttflj r%:r, as cli.
in this combination with Tttjn cannot be intended of purity of character; but as Elihu there attributes absolute perfection of knowledge in every direction -d, so in reference to the theodicy which he opposes to Job, he claims faultlessness and clearness of perception.
5 Behold, God is mighty^ and yet doth not act scornfully, Mighty in power of u tanding.
6 He preservcth not the life of the ungodly, And to the afflicted He giveth rigid.
7 He withdraweth not His eyes from the righteous,
d icith kings on the throne He establisheth them for ever, and they are exalted.
The obi. that must be mentally supplied to DNpi lO) is, as o cast- ' DPI ~ II ihl those who are as 8os ful t in p-neral presents man comparison with the speechca < 8a, are meant literally, ai
!es both i st natural sense of t but discipline inges here with t rare eh. therawe \ ith th»- phrase abl\ iew: the sufferings of th- stisements, to wean them from ti which tin carnal secur y have fallen— a
'nee a ion of the divine will | 1 in v lo the will of another (as 1 Kings xii. 7. comp. 13JJ0 from in the generalized sense of facere), than, with Uinbr., in the sense of colere $eiL I >eum (ai 1st.:.. 23, A: one who reveres God, a godly person). Instead of W?, Isa. Ixv. 22 (on which the Masora observes rxb, i.e. "nowhere and ch. xxi. 13 C, it is here without dispute
Ps. xvi. 6, a neutral masc.: amcena. On Wtih ~z;\ to precipitate one's self into the weapon, i.e. to incur peremptory id them. 11 rkmii igovr of yoi m% thereby that pd f| Ice ot
.t was trans! ria, and to which allusion is gasiftjr, hot willingly, thi rescue