Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament

In what f« »1 lows, Job iv continues the da I exalted rule, wUeh Bfldad bad attem]

that he is wa ither in a i

Bil la I ha tolled ( tic, awe-in-pirini: role in tiniios the strain, and n of this rule, shades; the sea with the multitude of its inh man in travail as often as this in them, of the sea or the quaking of the th. On Wtarij which also occurs in Phoenician inscription, S: the book of Job corresponds with lxxxviii. 11 in the f this appellati The sing, is not WBn (whence WNU\ ai the name of a people), but ns"} ("91), which signifies both giants or heroes of colossal stature wever, just aa will rigi be • reference impli«

Miit t ittcatci a knowledge * have mentioned the north the Mtftb, illd then in i, always of the the expansion vhich it pe e it with the men: n of the earth; an 1 thus..' with onstell f 1 -, ch. i rmed by the eevi

;i, deei.mifies nothing more than the nnm< isor- useless men;. H y which vault- the earth from I tk pole, and t: Without Support in

That which is elaewhere I II ix. 6) said of the pillars and foundations of tl. i of the in-

:ial rapport of the bodj of the earth, which IS, as it m

>uded side in contrast with the brighter and more rainless south; p. old 1 tara^ if this name of the north really denotes the

M starless" regio: north-west, from the root el wind, as that which brings black clouds with it.

tbi earth rests up<»n the bases of t! irnl.:. i

On tl 1 in inferring from

Job's expression the laws of the me ittra ti >n or graxivit n. e knowledge of nature on the passages of the book un- ismcs of watrr r act frc«

:.. *" to hold together neans i. vii. ban to bhut nff I ling with don tonied towards the earth, so that it which is. as in 1 K ndlees U is B; splendour < which shines forth t the earth. "' by spreading over it ti whicl rth by Him.

ut without any similar ins!

Shin) has not tl:i«»n ( 1. which is in connection with thi gnifies in motion, communicates light, heat, life, and motion to the other revolving spheres; for the causx medix gradually 1 from God the Author of being [muhejji) from the highest heaven into the sublunary world.

rith Sw), which tome Co in agreement him hin ' 'tee, as the passage U aj Haggada), foil e Vent.turalncA* in the consonantal

\ pmn from the waters above l vatcrs.

\treme bou:: the connection of

. whereas tut t 'funac/.i.stitu* bia mugmsch in tl. tancc (acco: 2), senae: a fixed bound « h Pa. », over the surface of the waters the usage of the language, and doubtful and unnecetsu 1'aroai has correctly interpreted:

. a| in the local sense, Dot a, ■ thia meaning, as < 1 lea is, that < • lias appointed a find limit to the waters, as far as to the point at which the; wash I rirtna of the extreme horizon, a realm.-* rkneaaia; and the bed

» xj., hai (jonception of t, that the th is mmuded by the ocean, on • which tht region of darkness be

At rttomdin<j lie breaketh I

I tiie vault of tl. pillars

I violent and quick in backwards and forward of waverin^ thinking. iTWJ js the divine command which looses or binds the powers of nature; the astonishment of the supports of heaven is, according to the radical signification of TO? (cogn. DDB*, to be conceived of as a torpidity which follows the divine impulse, without offering any resistance whatever. That Vty ver. 12a, is to be understood transitively, not like ch. vii. 5, intransitively, is proved by the

:i trmnsla 1*71, h here also is translated by the I. \ - destroyed at the en one of v! mans akomat depeodent pasaap* is an i - uit

• cannot be omitted from aj.insist t orn all similar ones, are then jx>s.v Iran cation of the heavens, but of their illominati n.

rding to which t! mil both lin- ne are m most straggling c lations, which wii

Gh I Lesser Bears t half thi

■ perqut duos in mo rem jhtminis Arctot"

graj>L. both in the manj it the north pole in the form of i nt, with many

(the quiver) is perhaps to be from yt) an I the Zodii Rations Aries and Aquarius. It is ques- amHTTarrpt in this pa. which is certainly in-

. ha-schamajim (1838), was already known to the Talmud b. Bt rachotk^ 586, under the name of I^T nr:

rect, since nro beside rrj may naturally be aesun be an attributive word referring to I nn more o the Syr. Terrion is ^~ terpen ifl the language; in the passage before oi the B also has T leeing ranslation does not satisfy the more I •ation ic a*! A:. la iiah tranal

\ovt as Jerome translates the same passage trpenUm txct rcas he translates colul< ur passa, cavern are as fa: hardea1 — i* *fbpp FH3, because it is as though q sun and moon) and the five stars -. ic), bodies as by a weavers beam DTrtH

Usalf firmament from one ei is a bar ":: e a wounded serpent furnished *ith head and tail." 1 - is either taken directly as

D '". itioa it does not, ho

— a ii which it might 1 ma _ e again. 'That it God who d les tfa i of which in th- f 00 that th<- mei

; and that it: II who CaUSCS th the SOB to I so th earth can a/ full brightness of that ht, — these i f the almighty working of God in nature are so • bj ' that he clothes the ■ in the mythol garb of the popular conception.

In t». ling v. now follow,.1 i his illustrative description: it must in twithstandi]

ne infinitely short of the reality.

11 Behi the edges of HU wo.

But the th> of Ills might — who c \deth it?

■!) hai u fulness of His i tends through o creation. Urmi con il is i orn that becomes

■rms this idea of thaw noma's parts), is «::r has the antithesis H against it, ai is exclama in a i is in 1 ow we hear (P?c us, only as the tnun. ind d h reaches us!

As in the spec the p ikes the •

• away and cease altog< of sel, and hence as conquered, so

- of human life in g snored, in order that he truth, and kr-. es that wh oajate) testimony and an ippeal t«»

Jged without th< i to abandon the fear of G i; in the feei G all thoee contra human reason; hii faith triumpl

Job tirst answers I. b. x.wi. 11 his poor! as wh ess, an I not pertinent in tturos that imi round God in the hei

Id J and as it makes the angels to io thei d con— ion. From the lower war! the earth, as a

I in 8] ithout rapport: to the clou >ve, which contain the upper waters without bur-ting, and veil the ine throne, of which tlie sapphire blue of he is the reflection; and then he speaks of the sea lying between Sheul and heaven, which is confined within fixed bounds, at the treme boundaries of which light passes over into darkness;

_] s all this as proof of the creative i I of

Go L I a hi describes Ihe ■ id in Ike realm; I lis creati-n, hoi Qt shakes the pillars of heaven, rouses the sea, breaks the monster in pieces, lights u heavens away the clouds a: the N t- faii nper, whi heard bj us as con. I the distance. Who baj the coi eoaoo neceesa and speak • * wonders oi His infii nat h extends throughout the whole creation T From the exalt I tod, the ance between God I man is most clearly proved. J has adequat teach him; a soul that ntfjofam a ilse to ma, IBJCO praJM as is not wanting in an onivanal pereeptiot full of % teous bef I an exalted (...1 b Oqght load to lain it as a warning against such unbecoming

7 Mine enemy m\.1 who riseth up a i of a mor 1 tone ami mor irative c-ha- fcerj here, as f roquently, the unaffected outgrowth of an solemn moocL The introduction of the ultimatum, as bttej rami He of "the proverb (tl-7/itthel) seals it" in the mouth of the Arab, since in common life it is customary to use a pithy saying as the final proof at the conclusion of a

Job begins with an asseveration of his truthfulness (i.e.

Iced s< ill hapj>en as at:

-o lonr as long as ever, like th; but the usage of the language Joes nut favour thi

I as a parenthetical confirlattte, by which J the ground of hi mn innot help I ween his lot •■ Inch ] him and his moral inl 1 'vr*-'? which j.i. i mi much as the breath win 1 out by tin the outward and vim' which is in i re- d of life. 5. - • The raff. ofTODrt is umi i account of the word which follows being deny his own nee, he his own testimony, which is BO the fri. and on account of which they charge him with falsehood, is perfect troth.

what is f n for it r a resolve which Job thus strongly mal fter the manner of a vow, but the agreement of his con D, which lie has now so frequently made, and which remains unalterable, with the abiding fact. Far be from me — he continues in ver. 5 — to admit that you are right (*f rY?? with unaccented ah, not of the/em., cornp. ch. xxxiv. 10, but of direction: for a profanation to me, i.e. let it be profane to me, Ew. § 329, a, Arab, hdshd li, in a like sense); until I expire (prop.: sink together), I will not put my innocence

• cease from asserting it I vriU I lsness, and K fall awa jr heart dod reproach even om tally an ol a partitive tense: mo* hea iv as the scat of the OQD accuses a man •nee •P". season nits ar«- gather to pluck a

.raws not hack (fn innoc '•!

in i. If as such, inai as

D ujkjii himself a lii 1 judgiiv so-ca also equal it ad of less manageal and beside whirh -? (r*\ ~ Kiogi ro« i i we here find the more oati now follows, beginning with *3, requires no conn thou;

as for instance: My enemy Html be accounted us migodljj acoount of his h< >r ungodliness

* he who regards him as a Vt" a ythy Job sh- of the yth hi pe in death, whi

8 Far what u pe of ' th> II

10 Or I h '• at himself in the Aim

11 / imU teacA you concer

In comparing himself with the P&\ J iom tl he has a God who does not leave him unheard, in whom he delights himself, and to whom he can at all times draw nin fad fa fellowship with G m the freedom of the most intimate confidence. He is not one of the godless; for what is the hope of one who is estranged from God, when he comes to die? lie has no God on whom his hope

1 In Beduin the enemy is called qomdni (vid. supra, on ch. xxiv. 12,

p. 26), a denominative from qom *o. war, feud; but qom has also the signification of a collective of qomani, and one can also say: enlum waijdnd qOm, you and we are enemies, and benatna qom, there is war between us.— Wetzst.

m BOOI OF JOB. ht establish itaell whon dd cling.

err En i waji rapeeting 1 by takit also more recei 'otenm. after the T.i lainod aco I ~Htr, extraksn animam (from figi; bMN the bo oooct e sheath correct ion aa Dc Lag tress pf hen one denial soul with a

* improvement of the test i§ this, Out the uaual a, aco at same snbj. and the verb, is altogether contrary to Sec q is groundless, as might be supposed from the very be-

.:. and the same subj. and obj. il tin'.. in tli* which we ire call- It the dependence of our i I rn

G It is moil clearly manii:npare§ I. f iuff i unknown to the un^xlly, h

. of what fallows from ver. 18 onu in- struction which Job desires to impart to the friends lias nee to the lot of the evil-doer; and when he sa

Behol held (learnt) it all, — in con- tion with which it is to rved that D3?S DWI does not signify merely vos omnes, but vosmet ipsi omne$9 — he mts to them what he appeared hitherto to deny, that the lot of the evil-doer, certainly in the rule, although not with- as they haw however, which tl mile of ll t also the I lis ifHictioii, is of i toUlly differ

M the lot of the wicked man id the heritage »/ fA<r rio/tnl if A m the

His furrivors shall be buried by the peetilem A hull not *€ nocent divide the silver among therm built as a moth his housey lenae of i xiv. I, it can be interred with the usual solemnities, but to be buried as hastily as possible. Ver. 15b (common to our poet and the psalm of Asaph, IxxviiL 64, which liken belongs to the Salomonic age) is also to be con. lingly

interpreted: the women that he leaves behind do not celebrate the usual mourning rites (comp. Gen. xxiii. 2), because the decreed punishment which, stroke after stroke, deprives them of husbands and children, prevents all observance of the customs of mourning, and because the shock stifles the feeling of pity. The treasure in gold which his avarice has heaped

D the small case wl lakes f

the protection of the vineyards a: • es, herds, or leasts, is now called

it is onl v

at harvest it stands in the midst of the thresh

. ramul) are set up so as to f As corners of a square, the e

v are to be had, a: Here is the watcher's bed,

feet above this, cross-beams are again 1 -, or reeds (90806), or a

has its nai | _; D iffl, and nui',kto be

.manner of a roof." and the bed, throe sides of the chime are hung round with a mat,

The pointing of the U d r-*' 161 is explained hy Schnoi i and nothing mora ii A ere; but if thk wnv the thought intended! it ought at least to fa translating -while nothing is carried awa;.. Jut the fut instend of the /mw., which was to be 1, none the more tolerahle; also rrx can in ngnify to gather hastily tion favuurs it, bnt nut here, where tie- fat imj.rrs.siu,, that pah is the snl.j. both to p* nS and to torn Bottch translatiun, "He lieth down rich and cannot be displaced," gives the words a meaning that is ridiculed by the usage 0f the language. On the other hand, HD* vb\ can signify? and he

reeds or straw (qashsh, ^p) bound together, in order both to keep off the cold night-winds, and also to keep the thieves in ignorance M to the number of the waftchttB. A small ladder, sulhm (cfo), frequently leads to

the bed-chamber. The space between the ground and this chamber is closed only on the west side to keep off the hot afternoon sun, for through the day the watcher sits below with his dog, upon the ground. Kerens also his place of reception, if any passers-by visit him; for, like the village shepherd, the field-watcher has the right of showing a humble hospitality to any acquaintances. When the fruits have been gathered in, the ckeme is removed. The field-watchman is now called ndtur (,±\i\ and the verb is natar, n?j, "to keep watch," instead of which the quadriliteral notar, "IDb (from the plur.^y, - the watchers "), has also been formed. In one part of Syria all these forms are written with * (d) instead of D, and pronounced accordingly. The T*j in this passage is similarly related to the n&: in Cant. i. 6, viii. 11, 12.— Wetzst.

h is Rosen m. and even Railing <• t sec whether it roaj bo sos- life and alsalso: in tl; he • thout imag

The Syriac aii. nsa sort of Interpol*-

I in nrilL X. 23a, hoth according to th- tx an matt plural

Miff.; but tl I that to*|? can be equivalent to PW (mp.

1 I he east wind is no longer calle 1 qadim, hut exclu-

- from Um ri.-ing of the Hun (along).

I a month on an average; it is more- f: I in th' irly bj.ri: ntinues long, the tender vegetation is parched up,

;ne follows, whence in the I n it is called semtim

(DftD& • which in the present day denotes the "]>oUonous wind" (= nesme but originally, by alliance with the Ilebr. DEL'', denoted the 11 devastating wind.91 The east wind is dry; it excites the blood, contracts the chest, causes restlessness and anxiety, and sleepless nights or evil dreams. Both man and beast feel weak and sickly while it prevails. Hence that which is unpleasant and revolting in life is compared to the east wind. Thus a maid in Hauran, at the sight of one of my Damascus travelling companions, whose excessive ugliness struck her, cried: billah, it is an unhealthy day to-day: an east wind blew upon me." And in a festive dance song of the Merg district, these words occur: wa rudd rcss to nooft, as these termination 1'. J depravity is oocil in ttfi MA ii ■ pregr

I harvest, to long ai the east I e corn that is al- hhed and lying on the threshing-floors cannot be winnowed;

nodenr ghl it this proem, men aa is only

4 or a be north wind if much too strong, and the east l characterised by constant gust*, which, as the Hau- arises, wl n in summer does much hair:

come mo> b a west wind (ne> h a south or north wii an ear loos bring a storm, it is generally rery dost:

accoui g gusts; and it will even uproot the largest

Idren hi not to him, but,

Ci liL Stuhlman:.-s and |»1aoes diction into whi h dob set-: imaelf in a

18, whi ■ linly indiimftlnhlj whole, aa al: but t: > dim of language and in interpolaJ there:\ he ought indeed to have 1 led on the i that such an insertion should be

appropriate to Job9! in rath, so that the ta its relative fitness, from his stai; r at least, remain.-. II these peasag There is then no transition whatever from the entanglement to the unravelment. Job's final reply, ch. xxvii. xxviii., with the monologue ch. xxix.- xxxi., in which even a feeble perception must recognise one of the most nOSt beautiful portion* of the drams thi • onenta, i I there is n< ites tli that how - to earnest!

it wen not the foal ing the worthlessoeas of these attc:

Is would have been endless;n er words: hs s stand |>oint been absol im- issihly have come to a i the poet mast luive also rca s about, by cs i hero

•IianeSS of his innocence, bat also all on to sub* who afflicts me, Uie innocent one,] will not incur the guill 1\ ii jeelf as an evil- I an ril-

:iy wh.» rogar I an 1 i.■ u<h must be ao tked; for how unlike ll my bope en n the affliction!

Yea, ii 3-doer is a different

—a del n agreeing in its substance with that of the three, an 1 similar in it! form — is tl re this, that Job bol Ii np th<' en 1 ol the evil-doer I the friends, that ffOtn it th J infer ti. is not, whereas the frien Is held it nj Job thai be might infer from it mcnt oft tl Etmne of tl e pnnishment be merit Thus in I rii..1 turns their own weapon

Bat does be not, by doing so, fall into contradiction with him Yes; and yet not so. The Job who has become calmer here comes into contradiction with the impassioned

Job who had, without modification, placed the exceptional s in opposition to the exclusive assertion that the evildoer comes to a fearful end, which the friends advance, as if it were the rule that the prosperity of the evil-doer continues uninterrupted to the very end of his days. But Job does not come into collision with his true view. For how could he deny that in the rule the retributive justice of God is manifest in the case of the evil-doer! We can only perceive vol. ii. r with 1 In the 1.

Moreover, how well designed wfa him looks like tfc g of n. itfa this rendering of ch.

all d ness, which is in<!

chai the p *t \s ith ii 1 to admire nndiminishi II with which he brings tlio i ind s obserw, that tl afirmation ii in." Bui ble that the *D, any other way, it an that eh, xxvii, 13 23 mu I be re-

T the s:im«> difficulty in C ' it by

. as:!.• re may in the divin thai to their asarfly follow thai one explanationj which supposes, I close of ch, xxvii. and the beginning of ch, xxviii.. what is not found there, is manifestly 1; and in comparison with it, it would be preferable! with Stick translate *3 u and take ch. xxviii. 1, 2 as the antecedent to ver. 3. Then after ch. xxvii. a dash might be i: hut tl would in- dicate an Dgly blank, which would be no lionour to the poet. hlottmann explains it more ictorily. He takes ch.

xxvii. 13 sqq. as a warning addressed to the friends, lest they bring down upon themselves, by their unjust judgment, the evildoer's punishment which they have so often proclaimed. If this rendering of ch. xxvii. 13 sqq. were correct, the description of the fate of the evil-doer would be influenced by an under- of t:: be suitably connected as if it had been dc* It has a (lift thiswer 1:>oscd, with Pari «ilion of id is in also i ibly atl ■ d to the del onseai ^ss of the divi which rules in

.wviii. 12, whei ther part of the speecli is introduced with a R ind finally with cli. xxviii. 28, where thi randed off, as forming the unity of one tfa: it thus pi that the final destruction of the godless, who is happy and pros] ous in worldly thi iplained by the fact that man i obtain every kind of hidden riches by his own exertion and courage, but not the wisdom which is not indigenous to this outwa i Id, but is known to God alone, and is to be learned rv aNo (iraul at ten Ikiuaoi red the tpot at \ Kiusegger with leas

1 result (n'</. the particulars in I; >).1 A second n rati

The rallcy i* not called Wadi no). u only fica v alloy of statues or columns oum' jour n the ios th< metb [a pronunciation which assumes i

_ m rare that the ore is to easy to get, and found i conk 'he copper are in many plioai i ' t. t in diaaieter, and the ore k akaoat in a pure atata. The oral (the arth containing the r) abound* tal.

Besidea ti langanese, carbonate of lead, and alto the ient ironing to the earli

'an antiquity, while th k only to A • in., consequently to the last dyns of the old kingdom. Eh a the nd kin fifth dynasty, v ru, and indeed fa cessor (according to

Le] his successor) ( —that Xtoyfr who built the rainiJ — appear here as conqii' of foreign p

I the mountainous district dedicated to Hathor is also called M 'f. The remains of a mine, discovered by J. Wilson, at the eastern end of the north side of the Wadi mucatteb, also belongs to this copper country: they lie near the road, but in back gorges; there is a very high wall of it is of vrry great antiqui- This | Qg tin;

ts observed importai as tl •

- in was D • as it was with us about a its ago: we recogniae in it t!

II possjeta the j a gold mine, whi Bil I a liittoriebl essay on the Sinititic peninsula lson saw if not one that was unV one c: laces ol the Wadi maQf ancle:: tian syatem of excavation.

lily than tl dd, which is by stares under the \>." l Id-hills rail. But if the scene of t.1 >b ''it in of Moses havi um.

foe t i, that they might fall our of pit life Ath tmv&g antly sa vQa teal <f>ovevs tcara&i ievo<;

mines in Arabia l\tra?aj and J( (under C

: 3) observes on that Ige: sed et I tos olim icinos e>r mL Eupol account

(in En fc fad 30) of an island Oup<fi?}, rich in gold, in

1 Aooordj i contribution from Prof. Lauth of Munich.

hliches Chronikon des petraischen Arabiens in the Luth. Ztitschr.

3 Opp. uL Vallarsi, iii. 183. The text of Eusebius is to be amended according to that of Jerome; vid. Ugolini, Then. vol. v. col. cxix. sq. What Bitter says, Erdkurak, xiv. 127, is disfigured by mischievous mistakes.

ad are still to:i o been u iked

• because il From west to east, whil ilun

[t li s bet weti. I gorges of at the mouths of e east with a; ich from leaning of this appellation. S. 6S0.

f these ancient mines, some which were known in to T.:. this mining, which

. with wb be 1 of the it' to in it and probably th kind of stone une to the word Baad\ri<;, the becondary form of Baadvris (= Bamut)"- Wi.t/-:.

'2 Iron is taken out of the

And he poureth forth stone as copper. 3 He hath made an end of darkness, And he searcheth all extremities For the stone of darkness and of the shadow of •th.

ng the expositor e two following strophe*, are I ry contains some observations by Ton Leonhard; he understand* ring to descent i cross bar attached to a rope, ver. 56 of the ligh* several times, t ntly i I with the tbej presi il itli thin 1 thus f the gold from the quart ift-

Gapov from Db3j sin. Plur. the name of ba

2 //i.*f. 1 7. 11: / nit eadem jEgyptus in ^Ethiopia quern 'nt basalten (basawiten) J aUpu duritix, wide et nomtn ei nor i found proper iron-ore in Basan. Basalt is all the more

. alent there, from which Basan may have ita name. For there is no

Of the iron i ith a 8h the neat, far surface a earth < station of the phrase of ►rrncral name of basalt, at lea*! *, is Ad^araJiracf (bUck tU:

.cut tranaference of the tumc of the tool to the mat* rial from whi » kno* \rabic on! Sim

', as the nam itns and great nnith'i shear* I narkable that in Berber, which is related to Egyptian, is called < the praent.lay vassal 9***T11 iuth perhaps, ss also l». ore, connected with la, the hieroglyph name of I sard mineral; the black basalt of an obeliak in th:i Museum is called beckenen in the ins. I f it really be so, that iron and basalt are homonymous in

.<? reason could only be sought for in the dark ack colour of basalt, in its hardness, and perhaps also its weight (wh is only about half the specific gravity of pur- agnetao i has only in more modt a been discovered to be a substantial component part of basalt, the grains of which cannot be seen by

.ire only dete magnetic needle minutely; ami it is n thai s at once. Al from th baft a md ifl form< I in the Since thus the work pr length wi matting beoo 1 in the mountain which may well be con. I to a deep valley, if, i illy the case where the stone is firm and the waj ■ almo udicnlar, tlie space that is hewn oat lains open (that is, not broken in or filled in)." Bat if bm Ise denotes a valley with its watercourse, it has not D irily a like signification in mining technology.

It signifies, perhaps not without reference to its usual signi- tion, the shafts open above and surrounded by walls of rock (iu distinction from the more or less horizontal galleries

> of 1 ten so crooked that, as far away from the also used else when- ":^i it kn t there is a man beneat hed from the nmembrancc ose meed to - on the other hand, Is*.

: s gly translated /undo deUa fo*ta. by comparison

-es do:.1 less the lowest pjd law wit!. Moreover, the perception that vcr. 4 speaks of the shaft of mine, sui«i the deiOHl of tlu» minors bj a rope, is due to liikg ttmbrcBj qua* me iraturutn vis iperare am fid tli it thing, but only iinj. I>\ kr.: ho understands the courso metal, when it is embeddo 1 \ and, sin c< understands 13 aftor the A:

rrf foot of the mountain, ho translates: rw?no)

rectlv truncates: catuilem deorsum artum es > versatur homo. 8 "m. understands by U tho minor hitnsolf dwell- ing as a stranger in his l«»nclinoss; and if we imagine to ourselves the mining districts of t: Sinai, wo might certainly at once [lings themselves wl urhood of the shaft in t i< 'ii with mpDb Hut in and for itself IS signii only those lettled (ab« with at the secondary idea of

6 I 'e of the sapj'hire are its stones} And it containetli fold ore.

7 The mms/j that no bird of prey bwweth^

And the eye of the liaxck Ji>ith not gazed at,

8 Which the beast of prey hath not trodden, Over ichicli the lion hath not walked.

Vcr. 5 is not to be construed as Rosenm.: ad terram quod attinet, ex qua egreditur. quod subtus esi ertitur quasi igne; nor with Schlottm.: (they swing) in the earth, out of which comes bread, which beneath one turns about with fire;

: it ura], since fire is really used in opposition I

K'.ns search, which rummagi i even thing thruugh, ii comj an i to the uniesl rava^' re, ass ed) of the sapphire is its roo

TIk ntus (|>. ' Schm sof the sapphire it tli) which 1 mded with il ich, with ther with iron j.

ra, ilium met and Schlottm.: such a collateral definition to vcr. eased in a special d tuse (not a relet which is in itself black,'1 nj 5 I> with wins of i hich is oi ness, that its hrilliai. rpasse that glitters, and from it the <>-. gold with a large qui the heath this gold ore he i nrifer v burn thoroughly in a large fur; the soft, so that it can; by the hand*91 3JT| WU I than for the nil ~vpo<; ypvoi of the t a chestnut, which, according to DiodornSj ii.

are obtained in mines in Arabia (fieraWeverai). J Jut it is inadmissible to refer V to man, for the clause would tl *o be translated: and gold ore is to him = he 1 while it is the rather intended to be said that the interim the earth has gold ore.)b is therefore, with Ilahn I S hlottUL, to be referred to Eipp • and this place of the the 1 <?, and of the kite, rva the b

. z t nrj1 something like our uto take in band"

xmination i which h< Dg and dearie a A. Blasting in mining which laye bare t: ts (th- the mountain!

is intended) the which — the the flight of the workmen, and the srash — ii so graphically described by Pliny in tl 1 above i / m ab ult' ni; dot signum ruina eamque in cacumine ejus mantis vi'jil. Hie race, nutu evocariju lat. 1£ n fractus cadit ab. qui eondpi humana mente non possit eque ejflaiu incredibili spectant victores ruinam?iaturce.

The meaning of ver. 10 depends upon the signification of the D*lk\ It is certainly the most natural that it should signify canals. The word is Egyptian; aur in the language of the hieroglyphs signifies a river, and especially the Nile; wherefore at the close of the Laterculus of Eratosthenes the name of the king, $povopoi ($ovopco)y is explained by tJtoc NeTkos. If water-canals are intended, they may be either in lik.' a cataract the ruins of the ] I auri-

•grots of the work], and is al

*ed«T judge of thfl on and fragnu ire at the bottom, I in the *t inn, 1. lie brtaks open wat' all kin is t/iit. But thtt r say- it tin* arms of t is a; and t:

earth ETi • rth<!'-ss, although the water plays an im| in minii ra- down to it: it ii improbable thai Pi 11

X. consistently earn I with of the ore (veins), and any j that maj be

\ p. Ho. C trarv to the C" indication of the accen- toation, Hahn translates: lie stops up the droppings of the watercourses j '— has Deck^ and is therefore not to be connected with what follows as a genitive. But Reimarus' translation: from the drops he connects the streams, is inadmissible. "The trickling water," he observes, "is carefully caught in channels by the miners for use, and is thus brought together from several parts to the reservoir and the waterwheel. What Pliny calls corrugus, corrivatio." On the lenote the mar uoj and that Prtvo should be the crushed on wash* the purpose of separating the good from the is eq to im jtsnt #. t(\l car: ier coven the bottom * infos, ices so exact besmears some water may ei irry off the wml

\Tards and docs not soak th:, and has rr~~ se are only: ge-

DTUt U an a; ipra:. which

•j meaning of fi r. LI Im (the miner) bu

I with tn I inj so that th- up a wall oc bj ooUecting the n rth in

Menroin (Arab, rwih' m) <t in the channels which carry it se modes of di g off the water m Ay the channel it with i

W ith the:i in wr. H the description of min sili 1 other metals and |, by maki the foundations of the earth ar to him; hoi <m, has the art. I rominen e to i.nscendency over the other attainable things, r^zn is the principal name, and W2 intercl - with it, as -"-", | viii. 1, and other syno- nyms in which the Chokma literature abound where in

Prov. i.-ix. ryz is properly the faculty of seeing through that which is distinguishable, consisting of the possession of the right criteria; rtDSn, however, is the perception, in general, of things in their true nature and their final cause lid Kirch tl in water I fad ti.

thing.t himvdf in potscsai ige be»«l at the gold shut up — closed = c< lied by j icnce it-hit, tl,

, but with whi in hi-t countries at least, not pallor, hut, on I of 1 l II Indian (Sanskr.

, or ereo 1, OD the other hand, it the greeo ll I OttOM 'he green colour)

The transcendent of n ro tlie most precious earthly treasures which the author of the introduction to the book of Proverbs briefly describes, ch« iii. 14 sq., is now drawn out in detail.

17 Odd and gla$$ are not equal fa

Nor is it exchanged for jewels of gold.

18 Pearls and crystal are not to be mentioned,

A nd the ition of icisdom is beyond corals.

19 The topaz of Ethiopia is not equal to it. It is not outweighed by pure fine gold.

apart ff:~\ glass has rani parent name is pointed in C na, ai

• indeed transit Jt and in fmt the u:

.f. deeper t: i the ootws -the ancients really lass, and moreover it the prima irds ntoio:t r one appears

. as figures of wl - as a figur ajtjKjax as \rama- merot in tin? marl

Tin- name of the ~ from row iny u \ ii.

1 Two reasons for Q;;: - pearls (in favour liochart c< are main t irey, are wor I;;l Iocs je, then I can underetau appre< the ooaaparis-'ii." cj.) Th U riTDin signiflei corah, Ki ihown by the origin ft cornt/j ramoia.* ef cacuminihus rubenUs. Alth< Pliny then speaks of marine petrified plants of tl. n Ocean (not,