Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament

of Job i J '. 0. In Jeremi of his birth, falls hark on Job iii.: tl. n in which • proof that the sam MMeges of Lament. ri:.-. and especially the firs! part ofch« iv. 14 measure of Isra that il. Daniel, and es, th< old not be able to hold back the arm of jnsti..in a rig! man of the old world; then Dani- >us man of contemporary Israel: an 1 last of all 3 hteoos man beyond the line of the promise.1 He would not, however, have been able

1 Hengstenberg (Beitrdge^ i. 72) drinks Job is mentioned last because less suited to Ezekiel's purpose than Noah and Daniel. Carpzov (In trod.

in ig more ingeniona, bot too artificial, when be finds in x in tl ichtu la cladt prim mmmdi <rcMmr%.

patrim ac tjcr.- m tercahu est.

!b»p*cting the mode of com- positi.-n. w ^ere was one chief pod, with eereral contemporary associates, incited by a conversation on the ther according to w, in Manaseeh) frequent sJbclions of the about th * to a later po I or judgmei Ml tin raised 1 lhlmai.:.. I

►os not lead t; lie authenti con a writings of ti. terthe I I the

>t open to qu- whether the prince of evil spirits in t that the idea t m ww firit me after the • *? are the only periods at which not ot hang* as, between Israel and urther can be n the Moaaic f atonement is called SOQ| lad I name borrowed from the goo as specially conversant with the prc-Israelitish his-

1 loin of the au f the bo»

) personal it e ere ists alao, on ti

* a personal si tall hide. Ami just asure or aversion i i. will

Bol riatur.i have oripnatc ias sought iu own •elfish end*, I has

:" in assault the evil t op

*xl as far as it is still 1 is r freed

Job does not pass tl entire] sinning of

• 2 t the solution of Um enigma imonem ar M y^ public rvawiinf mrfH it' t'.«« Spirit fee had into all truth ><> oontinualU ffjflejffag fa ft;'.' nt it» tin* UttOfJ o( ihi rlinnli, un 1

.jethtr, or bad bat an iste caption of t h lost its apo*' and fiv could compensate for the almost ent

I has produced I it at the time of t • R already dawnc spread in all its brightnetl orer the I I I tame II. until

: all erroneous inters had hitherto separated t: h both I m the lr starting I the central truth of ji plan of redemption. e exposition of Scrij more-

.v notion most trivial moral rule*, I garded the

Tree of cxegem teemed at I roe to have been stave it the Ilea. wbo

_;ns in the D i encmiea, caused the exposition cone i from the dead in a mora

I advanced inguage, bare taught that the < K 1 TeaUmeat.growth ten a gradual development and declaration

.trU, the expos ture I «4aror:h open face, now f thb aki rwaad by the hkh the fathers of whom | are quoted in the CaUnaJ atsins as bust the Greek text of the book of Job from the Cod.

Alexandnnus% arranged id such*.

con6n \ • tl eg ill a position to test on t!u* Itwi w} ii general ajft

.yn was well aware «-f thil it he wa fficietr th II llejtapla; an daggers), and the nuaagts reator mean >st isolated passage, the full m< themselves much with t hut fathers, of grammatical an 1 I il in transl. ls et laceratus corrosusqut. II ised t of the /A; to hi i plan

His own ind p before its age: hut he

1 On this subject v'vl. Gust. Bickel's De indole ar ratwne versioni* Alezandrinm in interprttando l. Iobi, just published (1863).

in hifl / ' wu iccon lie en- gaged, 7. imisy a Jewish teacher from Lydda, where wiaarthanl a doctriaa an a mtellexerati* o calls it, aa though ha would sa like an oel — the mora tightly one bol 'bo faster re were e I*alin versions of the ome, whose deviation a, aa

•il text;1 hut the Scholia t rem (pp.

s works) contain leaa it is useful than t U- The sue©** tfgory the Ureal, Bed*. Venerat hose Cominentary haa been erroneou ated as the

Magna*, 111 pretati book, aa the idle ages was Gregory the oearsjaa lob §eu Milium, II., a he nee of the Jewish Targem, ihoefti aot the oaw ilmodic literature reoofaatss taw csaattwr

1 was ooossdered of each suuV tha Donophysite Hohop PaeJoa of: «JAM« w ledge of the 1 1 row language began, throagl i that ft, if it it - irpaaaea it.

1 N tker quoted by Dumml« nelbuch dtt I: » Salomo von

* I der dliesUn AuxUgung \ th were tal aocw of ibc I nt knowledge cesaat ho ackm i^nju* Luralis aa basis of all other atunu. was not independent decessor- a other, he waa the asr was the dawn of a new day ier commenuna bnahng on the history of exposition, as V ixaoa, and other*

>wn; also that of *lian post Imrnsnnol. a friend of Daau rmbbioical oocnmenUncs contain onij, in s»i Oommeou biahain Farisol c:.00 (aboat »

SOW ftUMI Karcelv finish thn-«- limi m four dajB. \ tin-. t lie same bed ssas.

due proportion, capeeiaDy bum (Opp. minor k» to •

VImhMm aaftknal por'.1. i?i.i I»i!i m ibi beginning of

Ltfwn of the liooi 6, Ilasel 18 ugh the h hence rationalism —

I new era the char io Com- of i Ihe first1 is charncteriie

1 V:l. Volisbtattfur Stadi und Un \

1 Vid. the review of the last two by OehJ m, and Kosegarten's Aufsati uber das /;. Hitt m mats*

* The author, al k>wh by a Treatise on v is not to be mistaken fur Sam. Davidson. In addition, we would call is with accoci ag esplana- indin. ook of Job has been in tn dieted attention lo the atropb#» ha i has not bcrn ramofd erai vrrsra, and tnor*- scomfoJ oppo

•sides, apart fnm the general tUtvrk'*. amor ncd as the most noted, n* as Diet!

m baa sasas forward ir y<4 easier ami means of a tr.i a *h« t excellent and tm able, it ca ra remains, e book according to iti language, redemption, ind its a] ac- bttk irorthj of imnwn exertion. \\V will trj I i p rform it, H>ut presuming that we are able to answer all the cla< inu-t belWi smything eke!<•.:./ to it i believing apprehension of the work to comprehend this l>ook from its connection * eaj development ol the plan of re!• \m\ ti-.n, whose unity is

>e peculiar vein of ti lesiastes) most bd all 0 it he may gather from the v its det t he may be to appre< eoess is bui tending its absolute truth in

I not only have a clear pen dso of the beautiful in hu: irt, in order to be ie wonderful blendii divine and human in the form as in the cont.nally,

Ittl I i M ripoaitor of the book! trek, as near at poaaihh. thin tin- limit aaaigncd u oodtnatd exftgvtira)

e book begin i as Jerome says, /Vo#a ague are aco cptcd from the poetical accentuation, and are accented according to I ual system, a>

*-s not begin with %r^y as the a rophetical books, are conscious t ig a portion of the c Isra 1, IT t, as the because I cginning a detacl

//.iminri and nerallr (as tradition alto traa iodw.

tbos* accouiUi ogrw t h it anil f: 20 or warranted i P°*i&gt that name len tally accords, was the collective nam* \ pan

\rbole of Beth i part ol the province rbial I'tali: 27) aii «iiont from ach does Dot oorrcBpood to Uw rr*l praraa be u»u*l Eoglah form Job u adopted bcrr, thonfh jual among the C^ which exten 1 from Aral i I >. arts, lying • tho nut lM-::ii', northwardi to the ooantoi I mi th«- Ku| hntt % aad •on* 'loin of these

•pert., ho preserved and mai.. im.

the days of their feasting were gone al* and dismuseii rem (heir hear subordinate facts precede in jt cnatomary act of J;. in conjunction with this occur a consecutio temporu:ly lik- • 1 3 q.

pression, in domu unius<;;>; ejus

.!/< domo ejus cujus dies erat, which la* A: all vents, lofr here, in this conne< is not, seven soi k it in turn I ne another the * familv, and off.-red aai | bey hare fallen in the midst of the mirth of their family gn* praadj. i •! by the Sintin I ra rails on the morning of t) -» retna

■ TesUi: IC lai he fa >b, as

Kxi v rael exercised at the f in the annul uion aaaover (rrrrm «),- is alsochara age pr i Uw. The si lis age is also er faithfully pweervrd i:

offering, | ea or.n as its peculiar >n is transferred to n*en and or tory offi ti here mei e bl<> eetred after the flo I um b I the i is one which, being oooeomed by fi design- I to ascend flames and smoke, fyjn refers not so it up t> the raised altar, as to causing it to rise lame and smoke, causing it t<> ascei -d, irl above.

thp U the outward rlneniing anl the spiritual far the celebration <>f the *acre<i al, a« I ll. I neceesar remark, that the masr also to the daughter*. There were ten offered J on each opening day of the weekly:. at the dawn of the Sunday; and one has tUl ent as beg!; with the I heart Undoubtedly, sjifl sig Kings but (l"«s not at all suit ch. ii. assage si.

: may have become some! durii their mirthful gather there was an earnest de was far from siith BMM outwarl propriety of coi Sacrif. as old a was to Job

. leans of grac» himself and I week from faiwaid htanilh on&ec.

are followed by perj?., whi re go\ i. "—.

how is followed by the ise in hisl DOH-

tion (cf. on the other 1 Num. viii. 26), in the signifi- mania r here, becauae the narrator in thought con- freea it from abeohil udefinitcness: the west ode of eaprea-

> the place La, we tea that

Vstial things ar 4 parabolical the aasiin roceeds are even-where recognised i". aa the name of the celestial in tli i in particular 1 it these ii imnwQ hia^friv; and in Pa, Ixxxix* 6 B, i pealm which is one of these spirits has maslf soDeo ardent self-love is become the enemy of Go godlike in 1 I v earn it time was engaged with 1 not be surpri that it coined the name irit.

rs still among the good. resembling Judas Iscariot

'Servu: oven In* mu ive c< it then iii on the earth real grim: mum advtriere (: ia animu in the mouth of •' v.ih (though th«- mu combining b tli [>ain theft) ii i ikilful touch of the poet 1;rthor on, the i is also interwoven with architectural symmetry, ben t: and

./ G I fart h t Thau net modi lye on evert/ side? Hast Thorn } Ussed the work of Ids kder the law of free dcTclopmct he world amoDK nuni r 1 not molt from Jewuh call him tluir -wr hsal tftkeo Bmi

Israel, the people MMB the i demptiod was ind to hare more t histoi the of Jesoa, dud II regaj. II life's vocation as a bed the eer hea at the san.; of its < as be is: in the hook < ' not ti affirms, acknowledges no I towai ( tod in • rM is not rooted in self-lovo, ai this love as a I lance. Where dolled, 1.

rejoices in its obscurity; where it il not,!

reflect D egotistical n n. Thus it in Zech. iii., and so her line love loves God ~-~ affirms that (iml T- v ill aa ee, it s.pnn I that he will hare In order

\ WaA said to lUkold, all tLit ki

. il act as cement has not its i still.1 I r in ' raise con rsal liability to to Job | rcdenijti n, it is a part in's seed with the ser] th<* unlimited ] he has lost all faith

Satan n<»w a peated blows, that whi ah ha un: t messmoer cams to Job, and dcacr • condition which wmt the sake -arncss, translates b« ratio. In nobem. the vow, as is seen

..: in it — so it was intended by tbo ca I i

. ■ tvtn, an to the sheep and sr yell ranges to a leaden inn* an through t re, to that the su

I also I themselves in three I \§d aJMM the j anil Kwald sees in t: the

: of the composition of I. when the Chal -sar

:*ar as inch mar.t ah I un among tin - anges lying

«r w un*lc: dge of the aworl tal iUo cam*, and »..y tot (Ay lob is now bereft of event! whi these his servants, which he not lies n as also a ton Icarest one*. Satan has r.»:: Bali rn; but it is correct if understood in ■eoordam-.- fan natal Fall 'li\inc ang« the power Dger. I' ^atan has fortified him-

• is al f, so far as God may permit it as is become an instrument •.It tnilar with bun

1 lias already manif If as is in nature, ai forces which he kn tonnl te sphere of 1 1 dominion; for the whole course of nature, in t abstract law a, o to < bad and go* ate t (ummm/u/io la L ivour boaom of mother lot not to rence to cmann'ft Abk. uUr die bibluehe GmmkmngtUr AmbHum, bosom on be com; bosom of the rurtl. I' cxx>: \ 1 5 I, because it is of the earth, an

Bing »»f man I -in of the rarth ter here intentionally makes J In as > i"^s Sim in:'ulneaa ol says nW, thinks of God not only as tin* ab as the 1 »; his life ac Hi

1 In Oliver Golds: und seine Offenbarun is much ( la one of the sane** and taste leas net "pose, an m txi g absurd apun*:

bo specially the rvprtitol misfortunes which befall the worthy his.: what is copied from the book of Job appears to bo to oome from the depth of the spiritual life.

Instead of P*' wo hire sin the IValms, and we have

After the general n: which Satan gives, J< hovah in- fast hi* i fmst fjii'Vt-il me ag re him i

LS no; kOOO for the injury whi«-h m had urged God to decree I rJob. HWI nify, afl [Jmbreit thinks, to lead astray, in which caae it Wl an almost bl ithrop m: it hut not always, e.g. Jo>h. xv. 18: here it is certainly in I anthropopathieal seme of the impulse given by

Satan: i Jeh vali to prove Job in so hurtful a manner.

The writer pur f chooses these strong expressions, r\sz~

•>nd the limited i which v. iven him over Job.

Satan even now again denies what Jehovah affirms.

an aa one dead piece U 111 tttn.:. akin part of the.

•"^ is used here with ihi mm I • thu it h, fearlessly fUhohly he is in thy hand; ike core < it ir reme peril, and nothii see wh.thrr h heavy afflict ion him. vt: does n nify

I use "soul" in the sense •

The working out oi i hi c.mmi v tan went fort/. presence of J> smote J with sor he sole of hie foot to with J7, i [to the sympt further on in the hook, e1 IM the limbs intlem lumps like i ' leg tian king was the fir:i who died of elephantis king of Jerni. WEB afflicted with it in dangerous form.1 The ins with the rising of

Breslau, 1842, and coloured plates in Tr la Spedal u Elephantiasis dts Grecs par Danielsxen et Boe 1848,

• il heavy losses, especially the loas cbil adds that he ut on a dunghill • ghill is taken from the passage run..". ie the I i law of a disease »w come upon l natural disease, nought on by Su

Satan doee not ■ tbTOtIg the whole bo- 1.1 lias DO'. a Jh-pw also its agents it merits in enceforth mat;

1: 1:he words of his are unskilful'.

Is as they stand ax iarac-

Lahr, 185-*..graphs). The means of «us the be more powerful than the dm* be removed. But what

I can be successfully applied to the fearf f esephantia* is not confined to one part, either internally or externally, but takes possession of the entire system. It is terrible and hideous to beh res a man the appearance of an animal. Every one dreads to I and hare any intcrcouiv ■ auch invalids; they flee from them as be plague, for infection is easily fomiaanirnterl by the breath. Where, in the whole range of pharmacy, can such a powerful remedy be fouu.

last time, and then <. ■ I 1 1 in that thou

• La\ S it in has boasted t

. in his Ltcturt ON l4i Bod severe jud 11 m her

^oes V call Niiafkr, hut ftrootrpk

Tobias aud Job precedes this ut of Tol

« aomewbat aoothipg. The t ran n one of iha f worn oueapoi tight i bonu Vm lucxutpu a

Dto a -o jam non rntmus T t:

1 The delicate deeign of il r here Mat act be overlooked btlotging t«» u Lit. r cLium*, and that indeed not always the indeei litre ■ mitlod iur far from I mar*: be compared with trail hough the eou meet in an. *r* at an apj -

-ail am* nounted tribes of the Arabian ij t upon their heads toward heaven.

v*rds. iv.: fall apain upon a word ur hey taw that L toas r, is seven da; lence; it "as (as Kzek the ami the Bat tht-ir loog -ilencc they ha«l not fully ltd the pui fully conscious of t encc between bie present and former po in their iself in the.is seventh tem| signifies to begin to speak fi as in also som s used.1 e foil ance of Job, with retted; in the aecond, eager ig speech it at follow*: 8. a trmi i thow bow unmu u a* PiCMnfag w.irlv, not against the actual firit swallowed i irkness as it is iu I ' lay are darkness ami tha shadow

1 ead l as prctjK id with I because t the J- the Mfti»Vp*f it

Dark sis so to a* "f^Ml iwt

>nception is without auppor

Jol that thii mooiter i up tl of his morning, twinkle throe twilight of dmwi ■;.. it ii tM

B to the door* of the nigh! of his jption or birth. It should rather hai

8,088 nih barren, to be explained according tlie sorrow he now experience* from his unborn eves (on the

1 On the dragon rffta, til up sun and mooi^ vilL pott in the Halhsche Lit. /, ■ • r. 1849, No. 199; on the custom of the Chinese ', Das chim,i<che Yolk, S. 123. A similar custom among the natives of Algeria I L f in a newspaper (185C). Moreover the clouds which conceal the sky the Indians represent as a serpent. It is ahi, the cluu 1-serpent, which Indra chases away when he divides the clouds with his lightning. Vid. Westergaard in Weber's IndlscUr Zeitschr l*oo, S. 417.

so Ren an: Qui $e bdtusent d$s tch.

mam, ••• itoeets), rightly directs attention to the liffereoce between corresj the radical -ss, l>r

. rL 7), contained etymological ly ii Tl.

'We think tha* ROYl sounds I like r,,;~"" * name of the mids, astl:c haram (instead of Khar am), derived from XPAM.

recalls harmdn (e.g. beiih harman, a house in ruins), the synonym of hharban SI~~ rpo* are like one another in On all

« the sufferers an? regarded a* stead poetical istead of **) might ii. accompau estun? of j usqxu fumj *ro appropr • as

166 way of suffering *pcct- less, i < tod has penned in on ill sides (a fig. like io the eonrthwil ngei end ranncki furiously i romei again. Srhlottm. trans- only a short cos- which is DO r the ges afresh. Why — one is inclined to I pecting this first tion to his wife, has manifestdealings, all at once to break forth in such despair I Doe not seem as though the assertion of Satan were about to be

<T faith!' the v, as may be from I spc« rarded at

-cat difference between a ma has in general Ood, at,

. (altl. ii reganl oil it is a

II come Us enemv, l;a^ him with this

\ah; " a man whom Elouli.' the ruins of J(

"I ui ul n by 1 II and made mj In tl in cutm-?. He has lost wealth 'lihlrvn. and

God; d begun to bear an incoral ease with we hear from I Is of prai$i (the J luty in affl tion I, hut tru>t in (i real afl nsists in I nward feeling of uniDtcrru], does not ■ by the dispensations wh: bim of all his possessioi i at last affect him I ally and individually, that Job is 1 gaid himantf as i

God. till more than that, one I by God: nice, on the ol has this view of I >es not appear to be absolutely sub- jective, God has really withdrawn from Job tlie external proof, and at the same time the feeling, of His abiding love, in order to try the fidelity «i 1: 's love, and prove its absoluteness.

absence -o*s divine revelation to car- te fut nt the bool »b was composed, and the the soul; »cne ■ on doling nds through all the glory an*: 1 the rerjr be> tin: never to have been U ie second beet, as toon as poad Ie theimfu r, to die.

ling of the fut abs committed it* k! should send the 1 it the pre* man forms

-aw only in the one scale m hcaren of lore and blessedness to be revealed herea! these are tniah in the book of his pro- man brought his father the is tidings of the

& son, at. 1 \n i>hei him the fate of Bodom and:n.»rri II For himself thai 1. ther mi^ht so speaks, but then disorder

Without applying to thi the standard pedant calmng, or of minute th- use i! this » laintii roceeded from the foil r I

_; years of fi lelitj.ling, I see tl. in its aim: all

. my | v Jadah hack from tli bich 1 the wrath ith his own; just as M rather hi be bl out from the book of life than that I d anatfaen be eoold tl I -1. What won that thi lont irden itself in such impreca-

I Hi! Jeremiah not been horn, be would not have had hin, fall; anl ii this small Ij.Feraniah y as a detached n* k. Oftr * is a stream oar witl it in •' iah an- 1 aereral;*alms it

I compass, — the darkness of temptarv the suhntance of a loog Iramatically pretested, which first of all beogressively mora and mm >Ivrd, and to

' uaaJcm; so Job, hail ha not been born, * ire yea of wrath, g of the future * J of i the future life and the hea it U v | justifies their rv ronnd their struggling fa tho self-confident pathos of ■ lad with loderation i as wc iere at the • n the inadequacy anil hat is sai case I

1 ax n chararu ixrd aa •• the oltkat, the

It:. however, certainly lity that, as Ew aid (J with paratactically com. Wilt thou, if

8 *|., becau western languages: the expression is like Laa. 3.

teous bom rut of 8 fen as I soar, those w ho ploughed

And sowed Borrow, — thry reaped the u m% and the voire of the shael young lion*, are rooted < 1 1 wander* about for wan:

In B all nv r% take the last

-econdfdition.catnp Jukrb >* explains it otherwise must be n~*; the form noj can only he V

If any one attempts, etc., which, according to EvaJd'i conatmction. giro* ■o ssHaUi isjsjdsaiafi it it unites, as BM at sta ith, the sfanQe ol the guages in general in names: reason whi tril>e, alt r in early times, an XJ|^ win in t aiice is like a hype If any one asks, • all point 1 has been greatly dim reds ons and panthers were used in Um Roman amj.hit t at vrleas and hrlj>less (Dei.

IS i word reachtd m* tteai

1,; rirnmt moi %l$ appmramr a docs not say *St ] Jthoogh be inca ni a bacaoae he desire*, ■ patbov ml hinmlf pr.« word came to him ao secre*

* * minui srouv curiovt. Instead of iH'lvtt] tin- p which follows refers to tbi anil! there weft all m.i 1 reams win* h die ti:h, and t<> the deep sleep related t<> death and ecstasy, in which man sometlii 1 j-liax was stretched upon his bed

. meai which istence is made man np. 1 K

I! WPftyia, Sanson I nities both the in. it and the ail immaterial iterial things,1 Hi

1 On wind an 1 - >■,'./. WmdischmanD, Die Philosophic im Fort- ertninn, — so art they broken in yieees:

'Of nnertion in other jlacea; if* not • ier rtainlv not to b* taken as stultisia: vcr I lost the ilnrnce of the

1 is hnurrer compares the Arabic wakda. wake sagaifiea to be relaxed, f°»V neglect.Id. coaaaderiag the r\ aa radical, coco-

*hip ■ t that even the rod man, who has eerthineas ai asis of) rial

Sam. wi. 11. Men are cal uses: the

II. rapidly than a moth deati

L 16 is easily as a They la

1 riah for i it any one taking it to h<

In v.t. 21 the soul is compared to the cord of a which str - out and holds Dp the body as a tent, like s compariaoo clacwhen* with a thread du:.ill at once like a tent when that then. neepot coed of a tent the away from lation of the member*

I the tame ai in vrr. I Will when >rn iwr- tance from oonakleftd: unprepared and rodder 1. corr the afflidioni Tana- ooropaaiof wh unrautakeablr ichom of the holy ones tn/i thou turn t I tr 1i o is destroyed by complax ■ 1 t the m 1 had to cur$e his habitation sudden om among thom$ they took it ate ur snatched his weal ti-lv < Retaining hit speech t 1 Job trail him unless be submits to the all- <> as bein^' himvll" unn to the angels avail. although it ted, passed with I.mental u that good) like

: irit* are implicated in the affairs of men ones," as in 1*. 1\ the angels.

can help tli- r lie who complains and chafes at his lot the <\tremeat de iu's the a 'ill mon h a surly mucmiirar

Bliphai justifies wl is said ( as t of which it i This curse of 1 1 Imani- of the city as u the gaj xxii. 22 | and the form

Hitkpa. is aocotdii the rui □ inG 54, 2, Tl father of those now orphans has reaped, that even the thorny alth. I it thus btfell ill

-eat thtnat and urn what there is no numl< eth icater to jiow over tk* J 11 the low i place* hat mourn are exalted to prosper racle above, so I ai says here, that a aorrov an,1 so that xmseqoentljr consists iaine mfTV *• part., and rrfere to Geigere Ltkrb. xmr SpraeU der J/i*-A. according to which S»PO signifies killed, and fcsp matter from mankind originates bring! eril wit I it is man who inclinca towards the would read 17^:

man is the parent of misery, though be may rise high in grow i the ground like Wtadi; it is ral bod in is established in l arks, and fl;.rurally pecu ture, are only a symbol of their freedom of m 1 racter 7. which Bymboliaee a moral trutli is and also to emblems, f,.'•!'•' I&

E i] haz now says whal in Job's i Bw«

On-: BTOij i> God in the totality of EGs variously manifested nature. The fecundity of the earth bj rain, and of the li (nwn = rur:ings (cf. Ps. civ. 10), as the works of God, are intentionally made prominent. He who makes the barren places fruitful, can also change suffering into joy. To His power in nature corresponds His power among men (ver. 11). Ttkh is here only as a variation for Dtpn, as Heiligst.

les ftr:ies», and takes compassion on those who and even t! n gnomical connection rmed essent fiea as it wore essey relati real tl wisdom (i.e. knowledge r prevents the contemplated achievement, is to be thought forth over the v wise what hcts call the spirit 0 berhan 1, II - the poor. In w^r nnhebraic,:i<- usage of tl i of arjn are used

•oples, hut Ml of i: b., in si tancy, arrives at Bat I bamblei him v. nits him He hnmbl a happy thing whan Bee ~:~ afflictive di itiooa;

roed after tl inner ie to-called number-prov.

rhaps to be jmwL is a V of the tongue recalls the similar promi* i stead of scourge, iic disputes

I nue to riae higher, and sound mor toss and/amim tkam tXalt sassjA, si &*i h* mrik iko* kasi mcikima tofmr.

> const rued des k-ttSi U the hast no occasion, bvi is Use tanti for $ rrz The whole of nat will be at pea, stones of the Sold, that they t the: tbaj hurt thee and tl I thei Jit ii j * to the high thn harvest "vP, the: 2 erf th*- she res to the 1

1 We may also compare the Arabic A^, nies cuJtulije^ iks a' dflM in tbe mm ol li

I lipliai M »nsideiv<l in itael an a:.: remains an infinite distance, and that no

I, crov is spec It has been observed reotha f it is allowed reaves a salutary spiritual de> n, all coben >ook is from tl it in rxality it is an effect producv | only outward happinei I also an inwn; GU-

I'hai ascribes to sorrow I w it with Kliph IIo does 11 present t iptun

. three kinds of suff ireful I

Fallen twa t ( rod; f inishn led even all t • of wrath in I it, as the means only by which it - weakness ar. - of the human the I a. According the I ad No ' mentfj he stan relation of a child to his fal only the X T |J un i incln the new birth n in the Oil Testament); and consequently all sufferi ii. 1. | 15) an<l pastoral theologians {e.g. Danhauer) consider th^m as p* parato. Among the oldest expositors of the book of Job with which I am acquainted, Olympiodorus is comparatively the best.

•oua even are themselves mam

: its pleasures r as gall to tin has tho as its cause, has, howevr: (. on and advance- sness of the relation m sufferer, as freqtu self as one n y u i of i »:. wn i mkom:!;•■ wmA of G 1 li i as tens, not however in wra:

y all it pose,. is another k:' the suff< als Seta I them, to tec. m, to rotDM ' do I > i. which has iSS upon him in tin iwihip with G 1 wal

- to I the godly what the i rewanl awaits him w trial, med gi Id. S.!*!• rii:ly alii

-.it lostisement. in bo far aa the eha

; hut distin in bo far ai dso lorn, which ai for the sake of fidelity

G land II! Wiii'.'- he ii blessed >of agar. in himself who endives tliis raffam>

In this case then ii not oven the r ireen the au mfulness of the sufferer.

xliv. is a ] of Israel in the midst of this form of

Buffering. 2~avp6<; is the name expressly it in the

: — suffering for the kingdom of he I sake.

Without a know of these different kinds of human suffering, the book of Job cannot be understood. " Whoever iracter of a man l.v 1 o wti ritual lid at last rooee«i;on thin am cm and the jurpote for good.

; bai placet Job's sufl after all the mildest. Eh dooa not g

J I) that bo U a tinner, became ho is a ma iiough in the moat modem re- ah haa decree* I it foe II chaste i.;>ruvc and the corre- rig epilogue I guo are organic par..• book.

aa are removed, its spirit is deatroy moreover, beautiful aii ** ltd in it^-lf, is nevertheless heartleas, it does not contain a the suffering which he beholds jreat: his vord to his friend after the

.ainful silence is not on<

Ho mu disease is not and only s g which has come upon him, n iured revkms affliciions with heroic s therein the iva that ho thinks t wrath, be Uv.iN him M his false application which Eliphai makes of it, the truth <'<»naed in his Speech i^ i itelj and v commences the drai il cntanglemei The ting t is false in the i] f Eli]

1 Oeting».T: ll Eliphai ned the oracle to affect serious^ | ii whir t. has reproached him with whet that D were placed in one scale a " intheotbt weighed together

■ h-t it i tioUami instead of the peash i rential position has an affirm:* innot be •en fof not bo ws*ex in the sir

Hii words are like those of one in delirium. "WP is to Ik? explained according I I's. xx\ e, set themselves in battle array agii which tsdoublj accented, sad most be pronounced as oxytone, haa also this meaning: the snare of a man who ha* thoughtlessly uttered what i» boh rional ckass sa such an one ha> and aftor (baring made) tows will harbour care (i.t. whether be will be able to fulfil them).

'lit tl fore hi it t it I different kii u Without i illy no flaTotu thai it can be enjoyed. Thi it with I rings.

things which 1 r of tak in ellipti the subj d the white is outbid he yellow wit:

laong modern cornore si. aa an

II i refers to the \ suff loath.

1 is he para* not Ui ration.

the g of what was i is insolation speedy death is to be

BtHtlation in the midst of death. W ith II.;

» uDspa- rtainlj ars as tli it

:.rni, as in the synagogue (Pijut) uses -~r d to su. an I

-~r:i,as Zunz gives it); and the V -~I signifies to singe, burn one's self, and to draw back affr:_ t)i already so wasted away, an 1 an unfortunate end so < as i clcss T t raw out the soul, is to extend I is so diffcn: ainod mtncrtta be

. other passage in same as •" CH nSrj Dst not so: we shall per altop< irance, reasonable prospect is driren aw ■ m who if conMwmml gnoUmtMM is due from I iu/, ike the fear of lh< Alsnigh become false as a torm xtuupsished from their place.

i mA oometh I it ba ihould ■ n bin ( itu iut;u whi< ill keep him revergnti f meets him from)

in fr. -in the height, and in B] swollen

> of ice darkm the «rat a wa x\i. 3, aduri, and r~ ". nly they arc redui taken as:; not with Hi: to a su hen the season Job bewails the di nt- he has exper' u decline91 of charity l still further, by keeping to the figure of the mount. it.

1 Oeiinger says that vera. 15-20 describe those who gi:isumption "

\y in | Blight j o arc become r bdomg to tA* wimdL Kany

• • ntumi I I n compares the Ara lie tick, and espect arc right words bad; bat tie ai badness are not such nearly related ideaa.

ard: honest words are not taken amias. an rain him boold fall ii.- ■.

H, which completely cuntamina:

J b d • endearoun anew to justify hi nplainti by runt m ihlnumrratiM And J bi to ami fro i of which 1 n the threa I as pain. Bine life after the:

K) the possibili: eases with death.

8 The eye that look>:tJi upon me seeth me no more; 1 It i; 1 1 ryes loo I ne, — I am no m ore!

10; tccard« from seta me a, is correct: at least paaaagee 1 5 sq^ show that in ronnectii ed fn>m \n tho n ited inevitable and inev everything aarthlj rod of es ipao duration whitl

. the: in and engulfs ere n thin ^ on the earth. J.1 dt'ii

I I.ihn thinks the illu bet is not watched on account of its danger, but utility Schlottman think 1 contemptible priate. As watches ar to keep the Nile in channels as soon | rib, and as men are? tlimt

<\. are in some degree a parody ally v% ith of H him, I of him, by sele

3,: with the prat *axl of

., in itself worth) I nly d whi with hostile video a PJB.

Wl. Job, »u in the mark of hostile

II.1 itSU of two p:i not? con aiders the td ih at th<» tame time ai

-o unmer fullj:' illness insteaii smallest sin u I bo sufT itual to, his infirmities or the I the severity of t in tl.

no connection with one I r.

Cooaeqti when 1 Job rega n as

BCerning the magnitude of it: he would r:r speedy death as the highest joy with whi < iod could re-.complains of pointment in hii friends, torn h pected affectionate solace, but he sees earnestly i hem * knowledge the justice of his complaint:.). But can they? Yea, they might and should. For Job thinks he no longer an object of divine favour: an inward conflict. which 11 more terrible than hell, is added to his outward suffering. For the damned must give glory to God, because they ret their suffering as just punishment: Job, how- ha> 1 tlu- faintly burning wick, but his ipecch is a against tl the fi, he gives a lament Startii nets of human life in genera), \w il no second Ii: I am loon gone I

• trace of l»lasj iir. When be i rejoicing at the thought of approach!] K>lutL not I is not to I not call giving op all dr.

M r, it must not be f< n that tl Job is an oriental. and therefore some allowance most be made for the intensity and strength of conception of the oriental nature: then that r poetical book, and that frenzy and madness may not be also understood by the intensified ression in which poetry, which id real, clothes pain and joy: finally, that it is an Old Testament book, and that in the Old Testament the fundamental nature of man is indeed sanctified, but not yet subdued; the spirit shines forth as a light in a dark place, but the day, the ever constant con- in v raise ia «lcnt, because i?er e dead was in con the a lr was not yet loath from imbeai the more touching and importnn tly in the Paelma, (.1' mp.

: it it. posed to the < >M nlness. ami spair only in so has i op t.i of I in which a man ii ana: the bood of trust which anh Q 1:

N •■. tWO It Follow in which Job is hurried forward to the use of sinful 1 1.:••, ch. vii. 12 16:

is: that tl nntest him tc W mid in the which Job de I hostility hath enclosed my wavs with hewn it:.. U hatli made my paths en i me as a bear lying in wait, a lion in the thick It is, moreover, not Job's peculiar sin that he thinks God has changed to an enemy against him; that is the

I i aim* that be, end in the tame aks through the ashes; the fricn. 1 of fanning uuople hereof our xu I Ewald's com put., peech of BikL.." s*ys Ewsid, Jakrb tint part may go and be darkled into three st r s each.".is is right I hat the three strophes consist seconding to Ewaids use of the word, three (A/asorc

3 Will God reverse Or the Aim the wind in w ind in tbeir Bildad sees tl. i the verses, U accidental. There are three Hot sists of aix lines — stichs, the second of seven, tl mythiunic. Of these three gr< nod of

= stichs. The schema re as we these groups strophes by I mce of ti h, wt occurs beginning, middle, and close of the speech.

1 Nothing can be I ting the signification of the name "l~"i brought u]» without his mother's milk.

: haft not i» swept them awa\ them ofi

Dad for like, and to restore, of a perpetual witrr. thou off wb«l SOtf bol i> afl the MUM I * Coj cow!; inem on the »eck of ideaa are represented in ro/awa, that gdme b to be ctrmologicallr separated which it iv 1. I this t G potted ly the oofmp ■ K' nee ol the verb in the liprnifieati »n to be green. So in

\etbu a i fields are green with em 9ena ^ green withaeoeaL Hieai substantive is also I basis; its radical i;r;il, weak*

1 Both are possible; la DDp< the mode of writing, cipv ibe call the kl Air be deceitful tlu \-chaUl el- follows: as easily as ut tin milar old Arabic wonl* with a fulneai meaning, ia become an 1 1{ rtwaton for a number fa, i ' h may be referred to the notion of roaming about tat daya, in the form of a ij i! •., look* as t I hreadt came down from the atmotpber h it canted the air The form brou, rard by Kw., in ground, as atta (thou).).

prtfa twines itself about the walla, and 1" Uy down

:i the stony. so the ongi -gards his fortune

M i solid structure, which be has qoicklj can— 1 to spring np, and which seems to him imperishable. Ewal i tran with a la. inst w hich he I ': for

•n which be flourished bo luxuriant lv, as if it had newer aeen hint Behold, that is the 8 <>f li: is it, so it ei Is. 1 i m the groan which he has p] tie dob both the bl him who m the raeolt of the whole, Bildad r ites:

And taketh not w hy the haul.

21 While He shall fill th Uh icith laughin

23 They who hate thee, shall be clothed with shame, And the tent of the ungodly is no more.

u To take by the hand," i.e. ready to help as His own, as Isa.

loea all be can to win J 1 1 j>cara: f injustice and wit j.r«N,f that deal i ards i for Jol - wHfering towards the god loes I ike on both tides I »st absolute truth.

less of tli, God, and paints ii

It U ti • n inju it is i II in all tli nan Iii W his j 'a children directly, that th< nniahi ir sin. If 1 found Job old hi now 1. in promi.1 b help an conditionally: If thoo art { t. We i om

.!d the All-just 0 Job with such se

6) shows that Bildad thinks it possible ti. U J »b*s heart may

Mid upright, and consequently his present affliction may not be mptory punishment, but only disciplinary chastisement. Job most — such is Bildad's counsel — give

1 glory, and acknowledge that he deserves nothing better;

ill in tl. Kjk uj>on Job as a sinner un onfeeling ri a with whi I will and pL all the contradictions of Script ferseverj thing princi I the i justi I, indeed, divic • in a judici ruled by His holiness. Now thi r only a holy will of ler whirl. J liumblc him I by the coml r his ( him of any sii^ for which he ah inn! f a gr.(

: the Buffering of ( the futon « i power in calming tl ich an J;- impossible murmur l, as Christ it and n a ready and willi md with sighing! that I!»•• attered in is as deep as th ness of the

I tian H ill n<»: hut that on aooonnt of hi

. h in the m <>ss be unable ttion i ' i I Blip! ai an I Bildad, which 1 him regard the divine trial as divine lentj canj r divine chl he need not t: allow ' iiaritahl- I the friend - without lovw

IL abergobi. in the T£& u to! mmeniary

';.- I'. '... " the righteousness on which the plea to urd is based in the Psalms, like Vs. xvii., xviii. 21 sqq., not tean open I scu*e Ddao:

niolalion waa scd up again when ibf J»uf:

(lepra- man, an aires a keener and still kern I ceptio s most subtler 10 in t also given. \\ nite depth and extent of I removed from the abyss of the kingdon I lad latter been revealed * ith<»ut the former in the >ld Testament would have b» it it actu h the then painful o

, — but ecome an abyss of desp with I ll> si answer Him one of a thou in heart and n ength,

I not r to vrhal E ij is said I iv. 17, though still not exactly the san but u indeed I know it is i must be an ass that which Bfldad had said iim ch. xii. 2), — says Job, as 1: illy confirms this maxim of

Bildad's, — it i: what God does is always right, because

God does it; how could man maintain that he is in the right in opposition to God! If God should be willing to enter into controversv with man, he would not be able to oive Him of a thousand.•> it be brought: iscuss: ild be so rnal foundations (Ps. are

One of tli nam V I I • • miii

, sn that the day be ind tli

•i at the word of J I these only tingle hi • • firmed as the i ii ■ form of orally occurring in connection with the n.

wheth( -* ns the sea of v. the firmament or i irth. According to lea of the an the waters which descend ai ruin have their habitation far iy in I finite expanse of the sky; the ocean of the s

( Egyptian N -• i), through which the sun-god Ra sails every ble that " the heights of the sea and perhaps also " the roots of the sea" (ch. xxxvi. 30,.

w - xxnbinci the rignificatiom, an and paarionate max. Fleischer, Aid ku*

:j<1 ii. iy describes tboee phases

1 over all, invi itibly, and is D to any bei:. I L xlv. 9). He does not turn or in His ang r without having accomplished His purpose dispute with Ilin in: The part, i il«l it is Port whi I itelj U

The Ai of God when summoned, is retort' v»t. L6i cannot be intended to eoqprees: I could not believe that He answers me, but: I arison v. sense of obv as a <l in a tempest and much) with bitter things (onftap, with apposing that I t, lie woul

* is one tliiivi- ore I ma —:

If the $courg€ II lh at ti

: 1 is usually iou of inno- on th: of Job) though without t, and ei at the peril of his own destruction: u I am innocent, I boldly say it even with scorn of my life" (S imurr., Ilirz., Ewald, Schlottm.). But although *Cta |HM l6 may mean: I care

1 Olshausen's conjecture, V£, lessens the difficulty in Isa. xxxiv. 1G, but here it destroys the strong expression of the violence done to the moral consciousness.

bii discoi tfn nnn i thai whole I d into the hand of the wicked, the d ril man, so that the if it in it then!"• isr.s it I IftM ur times in the book of J f tin- iwial form ijiws in* question; though not directly a <-h.

I Gen* xx?iL: if it reallj mp. tfa II 'ii ei < II ntable that ( rod, and no on, is tl d can in the preceding strophe, is the lot of the innocent in general, and such (this is the connection) is also Job's lot: his swiftly passing life comes to an end in the midst of I '»"

{toasts* only s rather vissils men:

rhaps iinilcntooil pirate »-' ii th< grounded self-justification my clothes would make me di tame.

hut z:~ Jao be in the |. the by <. which man l»v j n. Translai

My dotb old abhor me; which does a: I ihould ith myself ill •' ii rati ited plunge into the pit thai his clothes irould hin n and there is 1 d them no urbifa t he) should

35 Then I would speak and not fear Him, For not thus do I stand with myself* Ch. x. 1 My soul is full of disgust icith my life,

Jlierefore I will freely utter ray complaint;

t moral a as compels tne to remain on not to small, to nsulasa,

1 In both these passages (to whi tcbsr sdds rY exi

— without anything further: hftft beta oosssdsred to be the stag z:r, gnat:his sing, ii sa error, sa nncrly eoasftdsred to bo pray f his -i^s th i\ II- woul rmit him from this th.: rth as a stream with xwii. 8), without his being con- of that for which h lit it Them n jectest the work of Thy I

While Thou shinest upon the counsel 0/ the wicked? i Hast 'J 'ho u eyes of flesh.

nature, or II- tees as mortals sc« tlao supplies its t.'An ii.'LMiiw; it it bated upon the thought th il God d the b< mu linful ■• of i lie a inquii which red by the final jud in a mortal rnler, wl bit ihori s, seeks to bring about by

■ bat which was at Bi wli a the appr ion thai he may not wh that gui " in ch. and h that may

, of the divine love which is fii 1 in u the lal I Thy bands," ia taken up in the following str. otemj it, hit cms to him qui: mpreh

A (together round about, and Thou hast now swallowed

•lalyais of I v* them back the

; as ( three things: the earth men l allowed to run off l the card occur elsewl Thou:o me" is z tic: He i him life, and lined that life an constant till* « compares hi at a veil to a shame of my i. not in.. friri i B '■', bat describe condition i which he tead of being able (ac-