Augustine of Hippo · 354 – 430

On the Trinity; doctrinal and moral treatises

c. 400–420 · NPNF 1st series vol. 3 (1887) · translated from the Latin

57pages

26 h 11 minreading time

687passages linked to Scripture

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Translator's Preface.1
A. W. Haddan.1
The letter to which he here alludes is the following:—1
Book I.1
Chapter 1.—This Work is Written Against Those Who Sophistically Assail the Faith of the Trinity, Through Misuse of Reas1
Chapter 2.—In What Manner This Work Proposes to Discourse Concerning the Trinity.1
Chapter 3.—What Augustin Requests from His Readers. The Errors of Readers Dull of Comprehension Not to Be Ascribed to t1
Chapter 4.—What the Doctrine of the Catholic Faith is Concerning the Trinity.1
Chapter 5.—Of Difficulties Concerning the Trinity: in What Manner Three are One God, and How, Working Indivisibly, They1
Chapter 6.—That the Son is Very God, of the Same Substance with the Father. Not Only the Father, But the Trinity, is Af1
Chapter 7.—In What Manner the Son is Less Than the Father, and Than Himself.2
Chapter 8.—The Texts of Scripture Explained Respecting the Subjection of the Son to the Father, Which Have Been Misunde2
Chapter 9.—All are Sometimes Understood in One Person.2
Chapter 10.—In What Manner Christ Shall Deliver Up the Kingdom to God, Even the Father. The Kingdom Having Been Deliver2
Chapter 11.—By What Rule in the Scriptures It is Understood that the Son is Now Equal and Now Less.2
Chapter 12.—In What Manner the Son is Said Not to Know the Day and the Hour Which the Father Knows. Some Things Said of2
Chapter 13.—Diverse Things are Spoken Concerning the Same Christ, on Account of the Diverse Natures of the One Hypostas3
Book II.4
Chapter 1.—There is a Double Rule for Understanding the Scriptural Modes of Speech Concerning the Son of God. These Mod4
Chapter 2.—That Some Ways of Speaking Concerning the Son are to Be Understood According to Either Rule.4
Chapter 3.—Some Things Concerning the Holy Spirit are to Be Understood According to the One Rule Only.4
Chapter 4.—The Glorification of the Son by the Father Does Not Prove Inequality.4
Chapter 5.—The Son and Holy Spirit are Not Therefore Less Because Sent. The Son is Sent Also by Himself. Of the Sending4
Chapter 6.—The Creature is Not So Taken by the Holy Spirit as Flesh is by the Word.4
Chapter 7.—A Doubt Raised About Divine Appearances.4
Chapter 8.—The Entire Trinity Invisible.5
Chapter 9.—Against Those Who Believed the Father Only to Be Immortal and Invisible. The Truth to Be Sought by Peaceful5
Chapter 10—Whether God the Trinity Indiscriminately Appeared to the Fathers, or Any One Person of the Trinity. The Appe5
Chapter 11.—Of the Same Appearance.5
Chapter 12.—The Appearance to Lot is Examined.5
Chapter 13.—The Appearance in the Bush.5
Chapter 14.—Of the Appearance in the Pillar of Cloud and of Fire.5
Chapter 15.—Of the Appearance on Sinai. Whether the Trinity Spake in that Appearance or Some One Person Specially.5
Chapter 16.—In What Manner Moses Saw God.5
Chapter 17.—How the Back Parts of God Were Seen. The Faith of the Resurrection of Christ. The Catholic Church Only is t6
Chapter 18.—The Vision of Daniel.6
Book III.7
Chapter 1.—What is to Be Said Thereupon.7
Chapter 2.—The Will of God is the Higher Cause of All Corporeal Change. This is Shown by an Example.7
Chapter 3.—Of the Same Argument.7
Chapter 4.—God Uses All Creatures as He Will, and Makes Visible Things for the Manifestation of Himself.7
Chapter 5.—Why Miracles are Not Usual Works.7
Chapter 6.—Diversity Alone Makes a Miracle.7
Chapter 7.—Great Miracles Wrought by Magic Arts.7
Chapter 8.—God Alone Creates Those Things Which are Changed by Magic Art.7
Chapter 9.—The Original Cause of All Things is from God.8
Chapter 10.—In How Many Ways the Creature is to Be Taken by Way of Sign. The Eucharist.8
Chapter 11.—The Essence of God Never Appeared in Itself. Divine Appearances to the Fathers Wrought by the Ministry of A8
Book IV.9
Chapter 1.—We are Made Perfect by Acknowledgement of Our Own Weakness. The Incarnate Word Dispels Our Darkness.9
Chapter 2.—How We are Rendered Apt for the Perception of Truth Through the Incarnate Word.9
Chapter 3.—The One Death and Resurrection of The Body of Christ Harmonizes with Our Double Death and Resurrection of Bo9
Chapter 4.—The Ratio of the Single to the Double Comes from the Perfection of the Senary Number. The Perfection of The9
Chapter 5.—The Number Six is Also Commended in the Building Up of the Body of Christ and of the Temple at Jerusalem.9
Chapter 6.—The Three Days of the Resurrection, in Which Also the Ratio of Single to Double is Apparent.9
Chapter 7.—In What Manner We are Gathered from Many into One Through One Mediator.9
Chapter 8.—In What Manner Christ Wills that All Shall Be One in Himself.9
Chapter 9.—The Same Argument Continued.9
Chapter 10.—As Christ is the Mediator of Life, So the Devil is the Mediator of Death.9
Chapter 11.—Miracles Which are Done by Demons are to Be Spurned.10
Chapter 12.—The Devil the Mediator of Death, Christ of Life.10
Chapter 13.—The Death of Christ Voluntary. How the Mediator of Life Subdued the Mediator of Death. How the Devil Leads10
Chapter 14.—Christ the Most Perfect Victim for Cleansing Our Faults. In Every Sacrifice Four Things are to Be Considere10
Chapter 15.—They are Proud Who Think They are Able, by Their Own Righteousness, to Be Cleansed So as to See God.10
Chapter 16.—The Old Philosophers are Not to Be Consulted Concerning the Resurrection and Concerning Things to Come.10
Chapter 17.—In How Many Ways Things Future are Foreknown. Neither Philosophers, Nor Those Who Were Distinguished Among10
Chapter 18.—The Son of God Became Incarnate in Order that We Being Cleansed by Faith May Be Raised to the Unchangeable10
Chapter 19.—In What Manner the Son Was Sent and Proclaimed Beforehand. How in the Sending of His Birth in the Flesh He10
Chapter 20.—The Sender and the Sent Equal. Why the Son is Said to Be Sent by the Father. Of the Mission of the Holy Spi11
Chapter 21.—Of the Sensible Showing of the Holy Spirit, and of the Coeternity of the Trinity. What Has Been Said, and W11
Book V.12
Chapter 1.—What the Author Entreats from God, What from the Reader. In God Nothing is to Be Thought Corporeal or Change12
Chapter 2.—God the Only Unchangeable Essence.12
Chapter 3.—The Argument of the Arians is Refuted, Which is Drawn from the Words Begotten and Unbegotten.12
Chapter 4.—The Accidental Always Implies Some Change in the Thing.12
Chapter 5.—Nothing is Spoken of God According to Accident, But According to Substance or According to Relation.12
Chapter 6.—Reply is Made to the Cavils of the Heretics in Respect to the Same Words Begotten and Unbegotten.12
Chapter 7.—The Addition of a Negative Does Not Change the Predicament.12
Chapter 8.—Whatever is Spoken of God According to Substance, is Spoken of Each Person Severally, and Together of the Tr12
Chapter 9.—The Three Persons Not Properly So Called [in a Human Sense].12
Chapter 10.—Those Things Which Belong Absolutely to God as an Essence, are Spoken of the Trinity in the Singular, Not i12
Chapter 11.—What is Said Relatively in the Trinity.12
Chapter 12.—In Relative Things that are Reciprocal, Names are Sometimes Wanting.12
Chapter 13.—How the Word Beginning (Principium) is Spoken Relatively in the Trinity.12
Chapter 14.—The Father and the Son the Only Beginning (Principium) of the Holy Spirit.13
Chapter 15.—Whether the Holy Spirit Was a Gift Before as Well as After He Was Given.13
Chapter 16.—What is Said of God in Time, is Said Relatively, Not Accidentally.13
Book VI.13
Chapter 1.—The Son, According to the Apostle, is the Power and Wisdom of the Father. Hence the Reasoning of the Catholi13
Chapter 2.—What is Said of the Father and Son Together, and What Not.13
Chapter 3.—That the Unity of the Essence of the Father and the Son is to Be Gathered from the Words, "We are One." The13
Chapter 4.—The Same Argument Continued.13
Chapter 5.—The Holy Spirit Also is Equal to the Father and the Son in All Things.13
Chapter 6.—How God is a Substance Both Simple and Manifold.13
Chapter 7.—God is a Trinity, But Not Triple (Triplex).13
Chapter 8.—No Addition Can Be Made to the Nature of God.13
Chapter 9.—Whether One or the Three Persons Together are Called the Only God.14
Chapter 10.—Of the Attributes Assigned by Hilary to Each Person. The Trinity is Represented in Things that are Made.14
Book VII.14
Chapter 1.—Augustin Returns to the Question, Whether Each Person of the Trinity by Itself is Wisdom. With What Difficul14
Chapter 2.—The Father and the Son are Together One Wisdom, as One Essence, Although Not Together One Word.14
Chapter 3.—Why the Son Chiefly is Intimated in the Scriptures by the Name of Wisdom, While Both the Father and the Holy14
Chapter 4.—How It Was Brought About that the Greeks Speak of Three Hypostases, the Latins of Three Persons. Scripture N15
Chapter 5.—In God, Substance is Spoken Improperly, Essence Properly.15
Chapter 6.—Why We Do Not in the Trinity Speak of One Person, and Three Essences. What He Ought to Believe Concerning th15
Book VIII.16
Chapter 1.—It is Shown by Reason that in God Three are Not Anything Greater Than One Person.16
Chapter 2.—Every Corporeal Conception Must Be Rejected, in Order that It May Be Understood How God is Truth.16
Chapter 3.—How God May Be Known to Be the Chief Good. The Mind Does Not Become Good Unless by Turning to God.16
Chapter 4.—God Must First Be Known by an Unerring Faith, that He May Be Loved.16
Chapter 5.—How the Trinity May Be Loved Though Unknown.16
Chapter 6.—How the Man Not Yet Righteous Can Know the Righteous Man Whom He Loves.16
Chapter 7.—Of True Love, by Which We Arrive at the Knowledge of the Trinity. God is to Be Sought, Not Outwardly, by See17
Chapter 8.—That He Who Loves His Brother, Loves God; Because He Loves Love Itself, Which is of God, and is God.17
Chapter 9.—Our Love of the Righteous is Kindled from Love Itself of the Unchangeable Form of Righteousness.17
Chapter 10.—There are Three Things in Love, as It Were a Trace of the Trinity.17
Book IX.18
Chapter 1.—In What Way We Must Inquire Concerning the Trinity.18
Chapter 2.—The Three Things Which are Found in Love Must Be Considered.18
Chapter 3.—The Image of the Trinity in the Mind of Man Who Knows Himself and Loves Himself. The Mind Knows Itself Throu18
Chapter 4.—The Three are One, and Also Equal, Viz The Mind Itself, and the Love, and the Knowledge of It. That the Same18
Chapter 5.—That These Three are Several in Themselves, and Mutually All in All.18
Chapter 6.—There is One Knowledge of the Thing in the Thing Itself, and Another in Eternal Truth Itself. That Corporeal18
Chapter 7.—We Conceive and Beget the Word Within, from the Things We Have Beheld in the Eternal Truth. The Word, Whethe18
Chapter 8.—In What Desire and Love Differ.18
Chapter 9.—In the Love of Spiritual Things the Word Born is the Same as the Word Conceived. It is Otherwise in the Love18
Chapter 10.—Whether Only Knowledge that is Loved is the Word of the Mind.18
Chapter 11.—That the Image or Begotten Word of the Mind that Knows Itself is Equal to the Mind Itself.19
Chapter 12.—Why Love is Not the Offspring of the Mind, as Knowledge is So. The Solution of the Question. The Mind with19
Book X.19
Chapter 1.—The Love of the Studious Mind, that Is, of One Desirous to Know, is Not the Love of a Thing Which It Does No19
Chapter 2.—No One at All Loves Things Unknown.19
Chapter 3.—That When the Mind Loves Itself, It is Not Unknown to Itself.19
Chapter 4.—How the Mind Knows Itself, Not in Part, But as a Whole.19
Chapter 5.—Why the Soul is Enjoined to Know Itself. Whence Come the Errors of the Mind Concerning Its Own Substance.19
Chapter 6.—The Opinion Which the Mind Has of Itself is Deceitful.20
Chapter 7.—The Opinions of Philosophers Respecting the Substance of the Soul. The Error of Those Who are of Opinion tha20
Chapter 8.—How the Soul Inquires into Itself. Whence Comes the Error of the Soul Concerning Itself.20
Chapter 9.—The Mind Knows Itself, by the Very Act of Understanding the Precept to Know Itself.20
Chapter 10.—Every Mind Knows Certainly Three Things Concerning Itself—That It Understands, that It Is, and that It Liv20
Chapter 11.—In Memory, Understanding [or Intelligence], and Will, We Have to Note Ability, Learning, and Use. Memory, U20
Chapter 12.—The Mind is an Image of the Trinity in Its Own Memory, and Understanding, and Will.20
Book XI.21
Chapter 1.—A Trace of the Trinity Also In the Outer Man.21
Chapter 2.—A Certain Trinity in the Sight. That There are Three Things in Sight, Which Differ in Their Own Nature. In W21
Chapter 3.—The Unity of the Three Takes Place in Thought, Viz Of Memory, of Ternal Vision, and of Will Combining Both.21
Chapter 4.—How This Unity Comes to Pass.21
Chapter 5.—The Trinity of the Outer Man, or of External Vision, is Not an Image of God. The Likeness of God is Desired21
Chapter 6.—Of What Kind We are to Reckon the Rest (Requies), and End (Finis), of the Will in Vision.21
Chapter 7.—There is Another Trinity in the Memory of Him Who Thinks Over Again What He Has Seen.22
Chapter 8.—Different Modes of Conceiving.22
Chapter 9.—Species is Produced by Species in Succession.22
Chapter 10.—The Imagination Also Adds Even to Things We Have Not Seen, Those Things Which We Have Seen Elsewhere.22
Chapter 11.—Number, Weight, Measure.22
Book XII.23
Chapter 1.—Of What Kind are the Outer and the Inner Man.23
Chapter 2.—Man Alone of Animate Creatures Perceives the Eternal Reasons of Things Pertaining to the Body.23
Chapter 3.—The Higher Reason Which Belongs to Contemplation, and the Lower Which Belongs to Action, are in One Mind.23
Chapter 4.—The Trinity and the Image of God is in that Part of the Mind Alone Which Belongs to the Contemplation of Ete23
Chapter 5.—The Opinion Which Devises an Image of the Trinity in the Marriage of Male and Female, and in Their Offspring23
Chapter 6. —Why This Opinion is to Be Rejected.23
Chapter 7.—How Man is the Image of God. Whether the Woman is Not Also the Image of God. How the Saying of the Apostle,23
Chapter 8.—Turning Aside from the Image of God.23
Chapter 9.—The Same Argument is Continued.23
Chapter 10.—The Lowest Degradation Reached by Degrees.23
Chapter 11.—The Image of the Beast in Man.23
Chapter 12.—There is a Kind of Hidden Wedlock in the Inner Man. Unlawful Pleasures of the Thoughts.23
Chapter 13.—The Opinion of Those Who Have Thought that the Mind Was Signified by the Man, the Bodily Sense by the Woman24
Chapter 14.—What is the Difference Between Wisdom and Knowledge. The Worship of God is the Love of Him. How the Intelle24
Chapter 15.—In Opposition to the Reminiscence of Plato and Pythagoras. Pythagoras the Samian. Of the Difference Between24
Book XIII.25
Chapter 1.—The Attempt is Made to Distinguish Out of the Scriptures the Offices of Wisdom and of Knowledge. That in the25
Chapter 2.—Faith a Thing of the Heart, Not of the Body; How It is Common and One and the Same in All Believers. The Fai25
Chapter 3.—Some Desires Being the Same in All, are Known to Each. The Poet Ennius.25
Chapter 4.—The Will to Possess Blessedness is One in All, But the Variety of Wills is Very Great Concerning that Blesse25
Chapter 5.—Of the Same Thing.25
Chapter 6.—Why, When All Will to Be Blessed, that is Rather Chosen by Which One Withdraws from Being So.25
Chapter 7.—Faith is Necessary, that Man May at Some Time Be Blessed, Which He Will Only Attain in the Future Life. The25
Chapter 8.—Blessedness Cannot Exist Without Immortality.26
Chapter 9.—We Say that Future Blessedness is Truly Eternal, Not Through Human Reasonings, But by the Help of Faith. The26
Chapter 10.—There Was No Other More Suitable Way of Freeing Man from the Misery of Mortality Than The Incarnation of th26
Chapter 11.—A Difficulty, How We are Justified in the Blood of the Son of God.26
Chapter 12.—All, on Account of the Sin of Adam, Were Delivered into the Power of the Devil.26
Chapter 13.—Man Was to Be Rescued from the Power of the Devil, Not by Power, But by Righteousness.26
Chapter 14.—The Unobligated Death of Christ Has Freed Those Who Were Liable to Death.26
Chapter 15.—Of the Same Subject.26
Chapter 16.—The Remains of Death and the Evil Things of the World Turn to Good for the Elect. How Fitly the Death of Ch26
Chapter 17.—Other Advantages of the Incarnation.27
Chapter 18.—Why the Son of God Took Man Upon Himself from the Race of Adam, and from a Virgin.27
Chapter 19.—What in the Incarnate Word Belongs to Knowledge, What to Wisdom.27
Chapter 20.—What Has Been Treated of in This Book. How We Have Reached by Steps to a Certain Trinity, Which is Found in27
Book XIV.28
Chapter 1.—What the Wisdom is of Which We are Here to Treat. Whence the Name of Philosopher Arose. What Has Been Alread28
Chapter 2.—There is a Kind of Trinity in the Holding, Contemplating, and Loving of Faith Temporal, But One that Does No28
Chapter 3.—A Difficulty Removed, Which Lies in the Way of What Has Just Been Said.28
Chapter 4.—The Image of God is to Be Sought in the Immortality of the Rational Soul. How a Trinity is Demonstrated in t28
Chapter 5.—Whether the Mind of Infants Knows Itself.28
Chapter 6.—How a Kind of Trinity Exists in the Mind Thinking of Itself. What is the Part of Thought in This Trinity.28
Chapter 7.—The Thing is Made Plain by an Example. In What Way the Matter is Handled in Order to Help the Reader.28
Chapter 8.—The Trinity Which is the Image of God is Now to Be Sought in the Noblest Part of the Mind.28
Chapter 9.—Whether Justice and the Other Virtues Cease to Exist in the Future Life.29
Chapter 10.—How a Trinity is Produced by the Mind Remembering, Understanding, and Loving Itself.29
Chapter 11.—Whether Memory is Also of Things Present.29
Chapter 12.—The Trinity in the Mind is the Image of God, in that It Remembers, Understands, and Loves God, Which to Do29
Chapter 13.—How Any One Can Forget and Remember God.29
Chapter 14.—The Mind Loves God in Rightly Loving Itself; And If It Love Not God, It Must Be Said to Hate Itself. Even a29
Chapter 15.—Although the Soul Hopes for Blessedness, Yet It Does Not Remember Lost Blessedness, But Remembers God and t29
Chapter 16.—How the Image of God is Formed Anew in Man.29
Chapter 17.—How the Image of God in the Mind is Renewed Until the Likeness of God is Perfected in It in Blessedness.29
Chapter 18.—Whether the Sentence of John is to Be Understood of Our Future Likeness with the Son of God in the Immortal30
Chapter 19.—John is Rather to Be Understood of Our Perfect Likeness with the Trinity in Life Eternal. Wisdom is Perfect30
Book XV.30
Chapter 1.—God is Above the Mind.30
Chapter 2.—God, Although Incomprehensible, is Ever to Be Sought. The Traces of the Trinity are Not Vainly Sought in the30
Chapter 3.—A Brief Recapitulation of All the Previous Books.30
Chapter 4.—What Universal Nature Teaches Us Concerning God.30
Chapter 5.—How Difficult It is to Demonstrate the Trinity by Natural Reason.30
Chapter 6.—How There is a Trinity in the Very Simplicity of God. Whether and How the Trinity that is God is Manifested30
Chapter 7.—That It is Not Easy to Discover the Trinity that is God from the Trinities We Have Spoken of.31
Chapter 8.—How the Apostle Says that God is Now Seen by Us Through a Glass.31
Chapter 9.—Of the Term "Enigma," And of Tropical Modes of Speech.31
Chapter 10.—Concerning the Word of the Mind, in Which We See the Word of God, as in a Glass and an Enigma.31
Chapter 11.—The Likeness of the Divine Word, Such as It Is, is to Be Sought, Not in Our Own Outer and Sensible Word, Bu31
Chapter 12.—The Academic Philosophy.31
Chapter 13.—Still Further of the Difference Between the Knowledge and Word of Our Mind, and the Knowledge and Word of G32
Chapter 14.—The Word of God is in All Things Equal to the Father, from Whom It is.32
Chapter 15.—How Great is the Unlikeness Between Our Word and the Divine Word. Our Word Cannot Be or Be Called Eternal.32
Chapter 16.—Our Word is Never to Be Equalled to the Divine Word, Not Even When We Shall Be Like God.32
Chapter 17.—How the Holy Spirit is Called Love, and Whether He Alone is So Called. That the Holy Spirit is in the Scrip32
Chapter 18.—No Gift of God is More Excellent Than Love.32
Chapter 19.—The Holy Spirit is Called the Gift of God in the Scriptures. By the Gift of the Holy Spirit is Meant the Gi32
Chapter 20.—Against Eunomius, Saying that the Son of God is the Son, Not of His Nature, But of His Will. Epilogue to Wh33
Chapter 21.—Of the Likeness of the Father and of the Son Alleged to Be in Our Memory and Understanding. Of the Likeness33
Chapter 22.—How Great the Unlikeness is Between the Image of the Trinity Which We Have Found in Ourselves, and the Trin33
Chapter 23.—Augustin Dwells Still Further on the Disparity Between the Trinity Which is in Man, and the Trinity Which i33
Chapter 24.—The Infirmity of the Human Mind.33
Chapter 25.—The Question Why the Holy Spirit is Not Begotten, and How He Proceeds from the Father and the Son, Will Onl33
Chapter 26.—The Holy Spirit Twice Given by Christ. The Procession of the Holy Spirit from the Father and from the Son i33
Chapter 27.—What It is that Suffices Here to Solve the Question Why the Spirit is Not Said to Be Begotten, and Why the33
Chapter 28.—The Conclusion of the Book with a Prayer, and an Apology for Multitude of Words.34
The Enchiridion.34
Chapter 1.—The Author Desires the Gift of True Wisdom for Laurentius.34
Chapter 2.—The Fear of God is Man's True Wisdom.34
Chapter 3.—God is to Be Worshipped Through Faith, Hope, and Love.34
Chapter 4.—The Questions Propounded by Laurentius.34
Chapter 5.—Brief Answers to These Questions.34
Chapter 6.—Controversy Out of Place in a Handbook Like the Present.34
Chapter 7.—The Creed and the Lord's Prayer Demand the Exercise of Faith, Hope, and Love.34
Chapter 8.—The Distinction Between Faith and Hope, and the Mutual Dependence of Faith, Hope, and Love.34
Chapter 9.—What We are to Believe. In Regard to Nature It is Not Necessary for the Christian to Know More Than that the34
Chapter 10.—The Supremely Good Creator Made All Things Good.34
Chapter 11.—What is Called Evil in the Universe is But the Absence of Good.34
Chapter 12.—All Beings Were Made Good, But Not Being Made Perfectly Good, are Liable to Corruption.34
Chapter 13.—There Can Be No Evil Where There is No Good; And an Evil Man is an Evil Good.34
Chapter 14.—Good and Evil are an Exception to the Rule that Contrary Attributes Cannot Be Predicated of the Same Subjec34
Chapter 15.—The Preceding Argument is in No Wise Inconsistent with the Saying of Our Lord: "A Good Tree Cannot Bring Fo34
Chapter 16.—It is Not Essential to Man's Happiness that He Should Know the Causes of Physical Convulsions; But It Is, t34
Chapter 17.—The Nature of Error. All Error is Not Hurtful, Though It is Man's Duty as Far as Possible to Avoid It.34
Chapter 18.—It is Never Allowable to Tell a Lie; But Lies Differ Very Much in Guilt, According to the Intention and the34
Chapter 19.—Men's Errors Vary Very Much in the Magnitude of the Evils They Produce; But Yet Every Error is in Itself an35
Chapter 20.—Every Error is Not a Sin. An Examination of the Opinion of the Academic Philosophers, that to Avoid Error W35
Chapter 21.—Error, Though Not Always a Sin, is Always an Evil.35
Chapter 22.—A Lie is Not Allowable, Even to Save Another from Injury.35
Chapter 23.—Summary of the Results of the Preceding Discussion.35
Chapter 24.—The Secondary Causes of Evil are Ignorance and Lust.35
Chapter 25.—God's Judgments Upon Fallen Men and Angels. The Death of the Body is Man's Peculiar Punishment.35
Chapter 26.—Through Adam's Sin His Whole Posterity Were Corrupted, and Were Born Under the Penalty of Death, Which He H35
Chapter 27.—The State of Misery to Which Adam's Sin Reduced Mankind, and the Restoration Effected Through the Mercy of35
Chapter 28.—When the Rebellious Angels Were Cast Out, the Rest Remained in the Enjoyment of Eternal Happiness with God.35
Chapter 29.—The Restored Part of Humanity Shall, in Accordance with the Promises of God, Succeed to the Place Which the35
Chapter 30.—Men are Not Saved by Good Works, Nor by the Free Determination of Their Own Will, But by the Grace of God T35
Chapter 31.—Faith Itself is the Gift of God; And Good Works Will Not Be Wanting in Those Who Believe.35
Chapter 32.—The Freedom of the Will is Also the Gift of God, for God Worketh in Us Both to Will and to Do.35
Chapter 33.—Men, Being by Nature the Children of Wrath, Needed a Mediator. In What Sense God is Said to Be Angry.35
Chapter 34.—The Ineffable Mystery of the Birth of Christ the Mediator Through the Virgin Mary.35
Chapter 35.—Jesus Christ, Being the Only Son of God, is at the Same Time Man.35
Chapter 36.—The Grace of God is Clearly and Remarkably Displayed in Raising the Man Christ Jesus to the Dignity of the35
Chapter 37.—The Same Grace is Further Clearly Manifested in This, that the Birth of Christ According to the Flesh is of36
Chapter 38.—Jesus Christ, According to the Flesh, Was Not Born of the Holy Spirit in Such a Sense that the Holy Spirit36
Chapter 39.—Not Everything that is Born of Another is to Be Called a Son of that Other.36
Chapter 40.—Christ's Birth Through the Holy Spirit Manifests to Us the Grace of God.36
Chapter 41.—Christ, Who Was Himself Free from Sin, Was Made Sin for Us, that We Might Be Reconciled to God.36
Chapter 42.—The Sacrament of Baptism Indicates Our Death with Christ to Sin, and Our Resurrection with Him to Newness o36
Chapter 43.—Baptism and the Grace Which It Typifies are Open to All, Both Infants and Adults.36
Chapter 44.—In Speaking of Sin, the Singular Number is Often Put for the Plural, and the Plural for the Singular.36
Chapter 45.—In Adam's First Sin, Many Kinds of Sin Were Involved.36
Chapter 46.—It is Probable that Children are Involved in the Guilt Not Only of the First Pair, But of Their Own Immedia36
Chapter 47.—It is Difficult to Decide Whether the Sins of a Man's Other Progenitors are Imputed to Him.36
Chapter 48.—The Guilt of the First Sin is So Great that It Can Be Washed Away Only in the Blood of the Mediator, Jesus36
Chapter 49.—Christ Was Not Regenerated in the Baptism of John, But Submitted to It to Give Us an Example of Humility, J36
Chapter 50.—Christ Took Away Not Only the One Original Sin, But All the Other Sins that Have Been Added to It.36
Chapter 51.—All Men Born of Adam are Under Condemnation, and Only If New Born in Christ are Freed from Condemnation.36
Chapter 52.—In Baptism, Which is the Similitude of the Death and Resurrection of Christ, All, Both Infants and Adults,36
Chapter 53.—Christ's Cross and Burial, Resurrection, Ascension, and Sitting Down at the Right Hand of God, are Images o36
Chapter 54.—Christ's Second Coming Does Not Belong to the Past, But Will Take Place at the End of the World.36
Chapter 55.—The Expression, "Christ Shall Judge the Quick and the Dead," May Be Understood in Either of Two Senses.36
Chapter 56.—The Holy Spirit and the Church. The Church is the Temple of God.36
Chapter 57.—The Condition of the Church in Heaven.36
Chapter 58.—We Have No Certain Knowledge of the Organization of the Angelic Society.36
Chapter 59.—The Bodies Assumed by Angels Raise a Very Difficult, and Not Very Useful, Subject of Discussion.36
Chapter 60.—It is More Necessary to Be Able to Detect the Wiles of Satan When He Transforms Himself into an Angel of Li36
Chapter 61.—The Church on Earth Has Been Redeemed from Sin by the Blood of a Mediator.36
Chapter 62.—By the Sacrifice of Christ All Things are Restored, and Peace is Made Between Earth and Heaven.37
Chapter 63.—The Peace of God, Which Reigneth in Heaven, Passeth All Understanding.37
Chapter 64.—Pardon of Sin Extends Over the Whole Mortal Life of the Saints, Which, Though Free from Crime, is Not Free37
Chapter 65.—God Pardons Sins, But on Condition of Penitence, Certain Times for Which Have Been Fixed by the Law of the37
Chapter 66.—The Pardon of Sin Has Reference Chiefly to the Future Judgment.37
Chapter 67.—Faith Without Works is Dead, and Cannot Save a Man.37
Chapter 68.—The True Sense of the Passage (I Cor. III. 11-15) About Those Who are Saved, Yet So as by Fire.37
Chapter 69.—It is Not Impossible that Some Believers May Pass Through a Purgatorial Fire in the Future Life.37
Chapter 70.—Almsgiving Will Not Atone for Sin Unless the Life Be Changed.37
Chapter 71.—The Daily Prayer of the Believer Makes Satisfaction for the Trivial Sins that Daily Stain His Life.37
Chapter 72.—There are Many Kinds of Alms, the Giving of Which Assists to Procure Pardon for Our Sins.37
Chapter 73.—The Greatest of All Alms is to Forgive Our Debtors and to Love Our Enemies.37
Chapter 74.—God Does Not Pardon the Sins of Those Who Do Not from the Heart Forgive Others.37
Chapter 75.—The Wicked and the Unbelieving are Not Made Clean by the Giving of Alms, Except They Be Born Again.37
Chapter 76.—To Give Alms Aright, We Should Begin with Ourselves, and Have Pity Upon Our Own Souls.37
Chapter 77.—If We Would Give Alms to Ourselves, We Must Flee Iniquity; For He Who Loveth Iniquity Hateth His Soul.37
Chapter 78.—What Sins are Trivial and What Heinous is a Matter for God's Judgment.37
Chapter 79.—Sins Which Appear Very Trifling, are Sometimes in Reality Very Serious.37
Chapter 80.—Sins, However Great and Detestable, Seem Trivial When We are Accustomed to Them.37
Chapter 81.—There are Two Causes of Sin, Ignorance and Weakness; And We Need Divine Help to Overcome Both.38
Chapter 82.—The Mercy of God is Necessary to True Repentance.38
Chapter 83.—The Man Who Despises the Mercy of God is Guilty of the Sin Against the Holy Ghost.38
Chapter 84.—The Resurrection of the Body Gives Rise to Numerous Questions.38
Chapter 85.—The Case of Abortive Conceptions.38
Chapter 86.—If They Have Ever Lived, They Must of Course Have Died, and Therefore Shall Have a Share in the Resurrectio38
Chapter 87.—The Case of Monstrous Births.38
Chapter 88.—The Material of the Body Never Perishes.38
Chapter 89.—But This Material May Be Differently Arranged in the Resurrection Body.38
Chapter 90.—If There Be Differences and Inequalities Among the Bodies of Those Who Rise Again, There Shall Be Nothing O38
Chapter 91.—The Bodies of the Saints Shall at The Resurrection Be Spiritual Bodies.38
Chapter 92.—The Resurrection of the Lost.38
Chapter 93.—Both the First and the Second Deaths are the Consequence of Sin. Punishment is Proportioned to Guilt.38
Chapter 94.—The Saints Shall Know More Fully in the Next World the Benefits They Have Received by Grace.38
Chapter 95.—God's Judgments Shall Then Be Explained.38
Chapter 96.—The Omnipotent God Does Well Even in the Permission of Evil.38
Chapter 97.—In What Sense Does the Apostle Say that "God Will Have All Men to Be Saved," When, as a Matter of Fact, All38
Chapter 98.—Predestination to Eternal Life is Wholly of God's Free Grace.38
Chapter 99.—As God's Mercy is Free, So His Judgments are Just, and Cannot Be Gainsaid.38
Chapter 100.—The Will of God is Never Defeated, Though Much is Done that is Contrary to His Will.38
Chapter 101.—The Will of God, Which is Always Good, is Sometimes Fulfilled Through the Evil Will of Man.38
Chapter 102.—The Will of the Omnipotent God is Never Defeated, and is Never Evil.38
Chapter 103.—Interpretation of the Expression in I Tim. II. 4: "Who Will Have All Men to Be Saved."38
Chapter 104.—God, Foreknowing the Sin of the First Man, Ordered His Own Purposes Accordingly.39
Chapter 105.—Man Was So Created as to Be Able to Choose Either Good or Evil: in the Future Life, the Choice of Evil Wil39
Chapter 106.—The Grace of God Was Necessary to Man's Salvation Before the Fall as Well as After It.39
Chapter 107.—Eternal Life, Though the Reward of Good Works, is Itself the Gift of God.39
Chapter 108.—A Mediator Was Necessary to Reconcile Us to God; And Unless This Mediator Had Been God, He Could Not Have39
Chapter 109.—The State of the Soul During the Interval Between Death and the Resurrection.39
Chapter 110.—The Benefit to the Souls of the Dead from the Sacraments and Alms of Their Living Friends.39
Chapter 111.—After the Resurrection There Shall Be Two Distinct Kingdoms, One of Eternal Happiness, the Other of Eterna39
Chapter 112.—There is No Ground in Scripture for the Opinion of Those Who Deny the Eternity of Future Punishments.39
Chapter 113.—The Death of the Wicked Shall Be Eternal in the Same Sense as the Life of the Saints.39
Chapter 114.—Having Dealt with Faith, We Now Come to Speak of Hope. Everything that Pertains to Hope is Embraced in the39
Chapter 115.—The Seven Petitions of the Lord's Prayer, According to Matthew.39
Chapter 116.—Luke Expresses the Substance of These Seven Petitions More Briefly in Five.39
Chapter 117.—Love, Which is Greater Than Faith and Hope, is Shed Abroad in Our Hearts by the Holy Ghost.39
Chapter 118.—The Four Stages of the Christian's Life, and the Four Corresponding Stages of the Church's History.39
Chapter 119.—The Grace of Regeneration Washes Away All Past Sin and All Original Guilt.39
Chapter 120.—Death Cannot Injure Those Who Have Received the Grace of Regeneration.39
Chapter 121.—Love is the End of All the Commandments, and God Himself is Love.39
Chapter 122.—Conclusion.39
On the Catechising of the Uninstructed40
Chapter 1.—How Augustin Writes in Answer to a Favor Asked by a Deacon of Carthage.40
Chapter 2.—How It Often Happens that a Discourse Which Gives Pleasure to the Hearer is Distasteful to the Speaker; And40
Chapter 3.—Of the Full Narration to Be Employed in Catechising.40
Chapter 4.—That the Great Reason for the Advent of Christ Was the Commendation of Love.40
Chapter 5.—That the Person Who Comes for Catechetical Instruction is to Be Examined with Respect to His Views, on Desir40
Chapter 6.—Of the Way to Commence the Catechetical Instruction, and of the Narration of Facts from the History of the W40
Chapter 7.—Of the Exposition of the Resurrection, the Judgment, and Other Subjects, Which Should Follow This Narration.40
Chapter 8.—Of the Method to Be Pursued in Catechising Those Who Have Had a Liberal Education.41
Chapter 9.—Of the Method in Which Grammarians and Professional Speakers are to Be Dealt with.41
Chapter 10.—Of the Attainment of Cheerfulness in the Duty of Catechising, and of Various Causes Producing Weariness in41
Chapter 11.—Of the Remedy for the Second Source of Weariness.41
Chapter 12.—Of the Remedy for the Third Source of Weariness.41
Chapter 13.—Of the Remedy for the Fourth Source of Weariness.41
Chapter 14.—Of the Remedy Against the Fifth and Sixth Sources of Weariness.42
Chapter 15.—Of the Method in Which Our Address Should Be Adapted to Different Classes of Hearers.42
Chapter 16.—A Specimen of a Catechetical Address; And First, the Case of a Catechumen with Worthy Views.42
Chapter 17.—The Specimen of Catechetical Discourse Continued, in Reference Specially to the Reproval of False Aims on t42
Chapter 18.—Of What is to Be Believed on the Subject of the Creation of Man and Other Objects.42
Chapter 19.—Of the Co-Existence of Good and Evil in the Church, and Their Final Separation.42
Chapter 20.—Of Israel's Bondage in Egypt, Their Deliverance, and Their Passage Through the Red Sea.43
Chapter 21.—Of the Babylonish Captivity, and the Things Signified Thereby.43
Chapter 22.—Of the Six Ages of the World.43
Chapter 23.—Of the Mission of the Holy Ghost Fifty Days After Christ's Resurrection.43
Chapter 24.—Of the Church in Its Likeness to a Vine Sprouting and Suffering Pruning.43
Chapter 25.—Of Constancy in the Faith of the Resurrection.43
Chapter 26.—Of the Formal Admission of the Catechumen, and of the Signs Therein Made Use of.44
Chapter 27.—Of the Prophecies of the Old Testament in Their Visible Fulfillment in the Church.44
De Fide Et Symbolo.45
Chapter 1.—Of the Origin and Object of the Composition.45
Chapter 2.—Of God and His Exclusive Eternity.45
Chapter 3.—Of the Son of God, and His Peculiar Designation as the Word.45
Chapter 4.—Of the Son of God as Neither Made by the Father Nor Less Than the Father, and of His Incarnation.45
Chapter 5.—Of Christ's Passion, Burial, and Resurrection.45
Chapter 6.—Of Christ's Ascension into Heaven.45
Chapter 7.—Of Christ's Session at the Father's Right Hand.45
Chapter 8.—Of Christ's Coming to Judgment.45
Chapter 9.—Of the Holy Spirit and the Mystery of the Trinity.45
Chapter 10.—Of the Catholic Church, the Remission of Sins, and the Resurrection of the Flesh.46
Concerning Faith of Things Not Seen46
De Utilitate Credendi.47
On the Creed:48
On Continence.49
De Bono Conjugali.50
Of Holy Virginity.51
De Bono Viduitatis.52
On Lying.53
Retractations, Book I. last Chapter.53
To Consentius54
From the Retractations, Book II. Chap. 60.54
De Opere Monachorum.55
On Patience56
De Cura Pro Mortuis.57

On the Trinity; doctrinal and moral treatises

Contents