Commentary on the Holy Bible

25 And now, behold, we are * in thine hand: as it seemeth good and right unto thee to do unto us, do.,,,. J

36 And so he did unto them, and delivered them out of the hand of the children of Israel, that they slew them not.

the violator oF a moit aolenm oadu and corenaiit engan* ■neat See 2 Sam. xzi. 2—9. and ma Ezek. xvii. IS, 19.

All these cireunutancee laid together, prove that the command to destroy die Canaanitea was not ao abavhiU aa ia generally supposed: and should be understood m rather referring to the destruction of thtpolUUai exUtcTie* of theCanaaiutishno/um^ than to the (batmetion of their Hoea. See the notes on Deut. zz. 10. and 17.

Terse 21. HiotTtof modanddraietnqf wtUr'\ Perh^e this is a sort of proverbial expression, signifying the lowest state of Mrvitude, though it may also be understood Jilenlly. See below.

Verae 23. Now Ourtfbre yt are eurtt^ Does not this refer to what was pronoimced by Noan, Oen. iz. 25. against Ham and bu posterity? Dtdnot tbeeone of Ham imply rioBtry, and nothing else? Cumd be Canaanta tervant of aervanit akail he bi — and does it not sufficiently appear that nothing else than perpetual aiavery is implied in the curae of the Gibeonitesl They were iMwight, no doubt, under tribute; performed the meanest offices for the Israelites, being in the same circumstances with the aervile class of Hindoo^ called the Outran; had their national inqwrtaoce annihilaied, and yet vers never permitted to incorporate themeelvea with the laraelilss. And we may reuoaably suppose, that this was the purpose of Ood relative to all the Canaanitish nations; those who would not renounce their idolatry, dtc were lo be extir* paled, — those who didy were to be preserved aliv^ on condition of becoming' tributary, and serving as slave*. See the note on Deut. zx. 17.

flsteers ^ wood and drawn of valor} tb* disgraee of this state lay not in the labonoutiuoo of it, but in iu being the co&imon employment of the femaltM; if the ancient customs among uie same people were such as prevail now: the most intelLgent travellers in those countries, repreMnt collecting xeood for ftiel, and carryirut water, M the peculiar employment!^ theyinnaiM. TXm Arab wmen. of Barbary do so, aecording to Dr. Stavo. The 4aughUrt of the Turoomans, in Palestine are employed, aecording to lyArvieux, in fetching wood and water for the accommodation of their respective femilies. From theae circumstances Mr. Harmer reasons thus: "The biltemees of the doom of the Gibeonites, does not seem to have consisted in the laboriousness of the service enjoined them, &r it was usual for wmen and children to perform what was required of tkm; but its degrading them from the ehaiBeteristic employment of mm, that ol hearing armn sad eondemniiw them aad tbeir posterity for ever to the employment of Eemales. "nte not receiving them OS aUito was bitter; the disarming them who hu been warriors, and condemning them to the employment of femalea, was worse; but the extending this degradation lo their poeterity, was bitterest of all. It is no wonder, dMt in these circumsianeea they are said to have been cyrsidL*' Obs. vol. iv. p. 297.

Tsraa 24. Wo wert oort qfraid tff atr Kaoo] rwiiiiiMi, wfaiA is tfas most powirfol tswoTa

27 And Joshua p made them that day « hewers of wood and drawers of water for the congregation, and lor the altar of the Lobd, even unto this day, ' in the place which be should choose.

NOW it came to pass, when Adoni- r c JSa • zedek, king of Jerusalem, had *»■ heard how Joshua had taken Ai, and a,*o um* had utterly destroyed it; 'as he had ' O'to'"- done to Jericho and her king, so he had done to • Ai and her king; and " how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel, and were among them;

dictated to them those measures which they adopted; and they plead this as the motive of dieir conducL

At it teameth good and right unto Ihee — do] Whatever JuaOee and marvy dictate to thee to do to us, that perfignn. Ibey expect jualiee, because they <iaceieea lbs laraelites i but they expect mervy also, because ihej won driven to use this expedient for tear of losing iheir liveih The qipeal to Joshua is fiill of deliea^ a^ eogent atg»- ment.

Verse S8. And aodidhe unto Atm\ Tnat is, he acted according lo Jvatice and mercy i he delivered them out of the iHmds of the people, so that they slew ihem not i here was nuny i and oe made them heweis of wood and drawers of water to the ctmgregation, and to the aliar at God; here was juaHee. Tban Joamia did nothing but what was good and right, not only in bis own eyes, but also in the eyes of the Lord.

How long the Gibeonites were preserved as a distinet people after this, we know not Inat they existed in the time of David, is evident fiwna the circumstance mentioned on ver. 19. tbey an not mentioned after the eaptivin-i and it u probable that ibey were nearly ennihilatea by toe persecution raised up against tliem by Saul. Some suppose that the Gibeonites existed under the appellation of Netkinimt but of this there is no decisive proof} the Nethioim were probeWy slaves of a difitsrent race.

Om what we meet with in this chspter, we may naka the following observations.

1. The Gioeonites told lies, in order to save ibeir lives. No ncpedienoy can justify this, nor are »m called lo attempt it The Gibeonites were heatheiu, and we ean expect nothing better from them. — See note at the end of ch^ ii.

2. "niey did not profit by their &lsity: had thay oom« in fitiriy, sou^t peace, and renounced their idolatry, they would have hsa life on honourable terms. As it was, they barely eacraed with their live% and were utterly deprived of tbeir pcwtieaJ libernr. Even the good that is sought by uniawfal means, bes Clod's eurse on it.

3. We need not be solicitous for the character of the Gibeonites here) they are neither our models, nor believers in the true God: and therefore pun religion is not concerned in tlieir prevarication and fidsity.

4. Wo see here of what solemn importance an oaih waa considered among the people of Ood; thty swore to their own hurt, and euuiged not When ones th^ had bound themselves to their Maker, they did not believe that any ehanging circumstances could JiiMfy a departure frosa so awfiil an obligatitHL Thui^ reader, sbouldst Oum fear a lie, and tremble at an oath.

Vene 1: Adoni-xedek] This name signifies the lord juatiet or righiaouaneaa: and it has been conjectured uM the Canaamtish kings assumsd this name in imitation of that of the ancient patriarebal king of this ei^, BIdr fihiiwWri iriioss nans *^^°' '^'V v rtghtaovmuaof or

B That they ' feared greaUy, Wauw Gibcon wa» a ^reat eity, as one of the "royal cities, and because it was gfreater than Ai, aod all the men thereof tcere mighty.

3 Wherefore Adoni-zedek, king of Jerusalem, sent unto Hoham king of Hebron, and unto Pjrani king of Jarmuth, and unto Japhia king of Lachish, and unto Debir kin? of Eglon, saying,

4 Come up unto me, and help me, that we loaT imite Gioeon: ' for it hath made peace with Joshua, and with the children of IsraeU

5 Therefore the five kings of the Amorites, the king of Jerusalem, the lung of Hebron, the kiae of Jarmuth, the king of Lachish, the king of Eglon, ' gathered themselves together, and went up, they and all their host, and encamped before Oibeon, and made war against it,

6 IT And the men of Gibeon sent unto Joshua ■to the carop to Gilgal, saying, Slack not thy hand from thy servants; come up to us quickly, and save us, and help us: for all the kiags of the Amorites Uuit dwell in the mountaiiu are gathered together against us.

my righlanu king: a tuppoaition that is not im]Mt>bab)e, wben die celebrity of Melcfiiz«dek is eonaklerecl,

JeruMoUm] afyvw Yeru^talam, thii word haa been ▼arioutly explained — if it be compouDded of afjv thaJam, peace, jierfectioD, Ac. and rvn rooA, he <ate, it maj Btrai- 1j ihe vision of peace — or, he ahall see peace or pec&cuon.

Verse 2. A» one of Iht royal eiiUs] Not a ngal city, but great, well inhabited, and well fortified, a« tboae cities irhich served for the royal residence, generally were. It doe« not appear that the Oibeonites bid any Icing— Aey ■BMn to hava been a small, but powerful rqntbUe, aU the nun thereof were migh^ merely governed aj tbetr Mert; for, in their address to Joshua, chap. ix. 11. ihey mMtiod BD king, but simply state that they were sent by tbeir etdera and the inhaoiiantM of their anuUry — nor do we any where read of their king, and therefore, we may natuially ■appose that thay liad none.

Verse 3. Hoham king o f Hebron] Thia city was situ- «ted in the mountains, southward of Jenualem, from whidt it was about thirty miles diiiniit. It feu 10 dw uilM of

Piratn king t{f Jarmuth} There were two cities of this name; one belonged to the tribe of I—aduir, see ohap. xxt. 29. that mentioned here, fell to the tribe of Judak, aee chap. XV. 34. It is supposed to have been aboat etgnteen miles distant froiti Jerusalem.

Japhia king qf Laehieh] This ia celebrated in Scripture: in that eity AmoMiak waa slata by conspirators, 2 Kings, ziv. 19. It waa besieged by iSranacAcKft,' 2 Kin^B, xviii. 14, 17. and without effect by the Idng of Aetyna, as we learn frbm laa. xxxvii. 8. it was also besieged by the army of Nefntehadnexzar, See Jer. Jtrxiv. 7. It also felt to the lot of Jtidah, Sf^ia. xv. 39.

DAir Hnf ^ Eglon] Where this city was situated, ia very uncertain; but we learn from diap. xv. 39. that it fell to the lot of the tribe of Judak.

Ytnt B. Thejhe kinge At Amoritet\ 'Hiis a genefil name for the inhabilanta of Canaan, otherwise called GoiMan^fu— and it is very likely they had tbis appellation, because the Amorites were tbe most powerful tribe or nation in that country. The inhabitanta of Jerusalem were Jtbuaitea, xv. 63. those of Hebron were IBUiUa, Oeneais xxiii. 2, 3. xxv. % 10, and the Gibeonites were IRtfUct, Jo^ua ix. 7. and yM all ibeae an eslhd AmoriUe oecasionaUy, probably for the reaaoo already neotiotted, viz. because that tribe waa numerous and powerful.

Verse 7. JoA^tOr^^ame tm/o Vum tumettly] This he did a forced march during the niaiit: for he wnt up Jrom, Gilgal all night; from fTt^oTto Oibeon waa about eighteen or twenty miles; and haviitg bllen so unexpectedly on theae confederate kings, they were imBOsdiatriy Wowa into confbsion.

Verse 10. ISewUiemiriAagreat elauAUratGibten] Multitudes of them fell in the ontett after which tbey -fled, and the Israelites pursued them 1^ the way of Bethboron, "niere were two cities of this name, tbe uppsr wnd Joaer, both in the tribe of Ephrmm, and tmilded oy i^*- roA, the dau^ter of Ephroim, 1 Chron. vii. 34. The ntiiation of these two cities ia not exaeilyknown.

TV Azekah and unio JlfeMedaAt_TbeM two eitiea were in the tribe of Judah, Jodi. xv.'SS— 41.

7 Bo Joihua aaceoded {nm GilnL he, and • aU the people of war with him, ancTall the mighty men of valour.

8 f And the Lord said unto Joshua, ' Fear them not: far I have delivered them into thine hand; < there shall not a man of them stand before thee;

9 Joshua therefore came unto them suddody, and went up from Gilgal all night.

10 And the Lobs « diseommed them before Israel, and slew them with a great slai^ter at Gibeon, and chased them along the way that goeth up * to Beth-horon, and smote them to f Azekah, and unto Makkedah.

11 And it came to pass, as they fled from before Israel, arul were in the going down to Betbhoron, ■ that the Lord cast down great stones from heaven upon thun unto Azekah, and they died: they were more which died with hailstones, than they whom the children oflsrael slew tritk a sword.

13 1[ Then spake Joshua to the Lord 'm the day what the Loud delivered up the Amaritm

ven upon them) Some have eontendcd tb&t stakes, in t^ cotomoQ acceptation of the word, are intended here: aid that the tern haiiUone» is mdy need to point out tbe csteril}/ of their ML and thrir guantUjf. Ttat atonaa hm fallen from tbe ehnide, if not from a greater h^bt. it a most incontestable fact, llmt theia have fallen in djfietent ports of the world ia also true — the East Iitdiea, America, Fruice, Germany, England, &c. have all in itnssii il tbis phenomenon: 01 such stone* I have seen several fisgmenla; some considerable pieces may be seen in. the Braish Museum. Thai Ood might have cast down sucb stones as these on the Canaanites, there can be no doubt, beesuae his power is unlimited; and the whole account provet itasi here there was a miraculous interference. But it is more likely that hailstones, in the proper sense of the word, art meant, as well as expreMtd, ia the text. Th»i Ood on other occasions, has made use of hailstones, to drsiroy both men-and caitl& we have ample proof in the plague ^haU that feu on tbe E^ptiani. — See tbe note on Eiod. iz. 18. latere is now before me a tquore of glaai, talun out of a south window in the house of Mr. Ball, of Crockerton, in the parish of Longbridge Deverell, county of Wilts, through which a hailstone passed in a ehoncr thai fell there June I, 1760, at two o'clock, p. m. Tbe hole is an obtuee dtintit, or oval, and is cut as true oa if it bad been done with a diamond: it is three inches and a half in dtaraaiar: a proof that the atone that pierc«d it, (which vas about elsveit inobea in eircumferenoe) came with ineonoeivable velocity, elae the glaaa must have been Mttred to pieees. I have known a cannon-ball go tbnwgfa a square of kImb in the cabin window of a ship, and msks precisely the nme kind of hale, without either Aaiterinf or even etarting the glass. It is needless to add, that tha bail shower did great damage, breaking even trees in pieces, and destroying the vegetation through the whole of its extent But allowing that -extraordinajy sbowns of hail have fallen in England or France, is it likely thai such lowers ever fell in tbe Promised Land 7 Tbe^ ontainly have. Albertua Aquensia, one of the writers in ths eolleelion, Qteta Dei per Praneoe, in describing ihe expeditioo of Baldwin I. in tbe Holy Land, observes, that when be and bis army were in tbe Arabian mountains, in tbe vicinitr of the Defid sso, they suffered incredibly bvta AorrfMs haii, l^riMefrmt, and indetcribabU rtun sad mow, so that thirty of bis men perished by them. His words are, "SextAveri die montani* permeniif, in cxtremo ilhrum oaaumine maxima pertulerunt periatl*, in GaAimnt> faorribiU, in Glacis terribili, in p'uria tt nive IMAOMT*, quorum, immanitate, tt hoirore lafrKoi/^ adlrigintahomineapedite;prasfrigore, martuarunt. —Hist. HieroB. p. 307. I coiwlude therofore, that a ■bower of AotMonef may be meant; and that this shover, diough flofurwl in itself, waa tupvrnaturally empl^cd on this oecauon, and mirocu/oitsfy directed to fen vbera it did, and do tbe execution described.

Bat I am ready to grant notwithstanding, that as a mart stupendous miiaole was in ibis instance wrought, in calling tbe Bun-and moon to stand still j there can oe douK that Ihe shower of atones, which was also miraculou^ might have been of reo/«<«u»,Ba well as fau/#(«»«- Of latS; Ibis aabiMt of thv Ul of iwl stones Inmi ilu do^ has bean my (My iitwUgaMd,ai|d not only the jMMi- before the ohil<lren of let-ael, and he said in the iriffht oT larael, *> Sun, • atand thou «liU upon

IdHtif (rf (he fall of such sioaea from the clouds, or from omcb higher regivna, bui llie eertainly of the case haa been fully demonstrated. These iubatanccB are now, in phtlMOphical t&nffuage, deaotaiuaied ^ErolWn, or airstone* I uid tbewllowin^ table, conatnicted H. Izam, a foreign chymii^ exhUuta a varietr of fketa of tbia kind, ihowa the plaeea sod timM in whiea thew aubatutcea feltj and the testimony by which iheae facta are supported. A* it ia aa posDible that God might have projected a shower of Bionee on these idolaters, even from the mooji, as to arrest that planet in her course, I give the table, and leave the Reader to decide in the present case, for MrolUKa or hmUona, as nu^ leem to him most congrqoM to the fast here related.

T%e atones mneralty appear turainona in their deacent. moving in obFique directions, with jreat velocities, ana eommonty with a hieaing noise. They are firequently heard to explode, or burst, and seem to ij in pieoes, the larger pttrts falling first. They often strilce the earth with such force, as to sink aeyeral inches below the aorfoce. Tbey are olwaya diS^rent from the aurroutMling bodice, bat tn every case are similar to one another, being semimetallic, coated widi & thin black encrustation. They bear atrou^ marks of recent fiieion. Chymista have found, on ezamiaing these stones, dtat they vtrj nearly agree in their nature and composition, and in the proportions of their component ports. The stone which fell at Ensiidieim, in Alaace, in 1492, and those which fell at L'Aigle, in Prance, io 1903, yielded by the aitalyats of Ponrcroy and Vauquelin, as in thia table i

"nieir specific gravities are generally about three or four tinea that of water, bein^ heavier than common stones. From the above account, it is reasonable to conclude, that tbey have all tbe same origin. To account for this phenomenon, various hypotheses have appeared we shall mention three: 1. That thev are little planets, which circulating in apace, fall into the almoaphere, which by its frtotion diminishea the velooity, so iliat they fall by their weighu 2. That they are concretiona formed in we atmoaphete. 3. That ihey are pntjectcd from Innar volcanoea. These ere the most probable conjectures we can ■Met with, and of these the two former possess a very small degree of prolnbilily; but there are very Mrong reasons in favour of the last. Amon^ the reasons we may notice the fallowing I 1. Volcanoes m the moon have been observed by means of the telesoope. 2. The lunar volcanoes are very high, and the aurface of that globe suffers frequent ohanges, as appears by the late observations of Schro^ler. 3. If a body be projeued from the moon to a distanea greater than that of the point of ec{uilibrunn, betvcen the attrae- tion of the earth and moon, it will, on die known pnnci|rfe of gravitation, fall to the eortli. 4. TTiat a body nwiy be projected from the lunar volcanoes beyond the moon's influence, is not only possible, but very probablej for on cal* culation it is found, that four times the force ueually given to a twelve pounder, will be quite sufficient tOr this pur» pose; it is to be observed, that the pnnt of equilibrium It mtieh nearer.die moon: and that a projeetije fnm tba mooo will not be so much retarded as one fl-om the eotlfa, both on account of the moon's rarer atmosphere, and its lees attracti^■e force. On this suhiect, see Mr. Haward'S valuable p«r«r in the Philosopnical Tnmiactions tor lOOJi and Dr. Button's Dissertation in the new abridgment, part xxi. It is highly probable, that the ancile, or sacred shield that fell from heaven in the reign of Numa Pompiliua, waa a stone of this sort The description of its fall, aa givoi by Ovid, Ftut. lib. iii. bears a striking memUanoe to recent accounts of stones falling firom the atmoapher^ partfo* ularly in the htminoua appearance end AisefRf DoiM willt which it was aocompaiiieu.

Dsn loqailBr IMnn Jura lOl mtmU OrtM,

DaEidh, ■ pilMlo oluuiir ad utn tcbM TbMU biudP mi™

Uqu anciU nun, qaod tb oual Mdwa at

It is very possible that the Palladium qf TVoy, and die Image <if ttu Ephuian Diana, were stones which really fell from tbe atmosphere: bearing some rude resemblaiica to the human form. See the Iup£RiAt Enctclofjuiu, arlicle Urolith.

1 believe it is generally agreed among philosophers, 1. That all these atrrial stones, chymically analyzed, show the same properties: 2. That no stone found on our earth, poesesses axoctlv the same properties, nor in the same proportions. This is an extraordinary circumstance and de* serves partioulor notice.

Verse 12. TTien tpaJce Jotkua to the Lord] Though Joshua saw that the enemies of his people were put to flight, yet he well knew that all which eaeoped would rally again t and that he should be obliged to meet them once more io the field of battle if permitwd now to escape j finding that the day was drawmg toward a close, he feared that he should not have time sufficient lo complete the destruction <tf the confederate armies: in this moment, being suddenly ina[riral with divine conSdeitce, he requested tbe

13 And the ran stood still, and tbe moon stayed, until the people had avenged themselves apon their enemies. 1 1* not this written in the

Lord to perform the moat itupendous mincle that bad ever bsttn wrought, wtuch waa no ten ihu to arrett the «vn til Au courte, and prolong the day till (he dettnioiioa •f hia enemies bad been completed 1

Sun, atand thou tliU upon Gibeon; and thou, Mdoii, in the vatUy Ajalon.] To account for ihia miracle, and to Mcertain tHe manner in which it was wrought, hat employed the pens of tbe ablest divinet and attronomtra, especially of uw two last centuries. By their learned kboura many difficoltiea have been removed from the aocooat in gnnM«l t but the very different and contradietory methods pursued bv savera! in their endeavours to explain the Vrhole, ana make tbe relation concord with the present acknowledged WBtem of the universe, and the phenomena of nature, tena greatly to puzzle the plain unpnilosopbical reader. The subject cannot be well explained without a dinertation: and a dissertation is not consistent with the aature of short notes, or a oommentary on Scripture. It fa, however, necessary to attempt an explonatira t and to bring that as much as possible within the apprehension of eommon readers: in oider to this, I must beg leave to introduce a few preliminary observations, or what the reader may call propoaUumv, if he pleases.

1. I take it for granted that a mirade was wrought, as nearly as circumstances could admi^ in the manner in which it is here recorded. I shall not, therefm^ seek for any aUegorieal or metajtfunieal interpretations: miracle is recorded as a. fact: and as B./acl I take it up.

2. I consider the present accredited system of tbe universe, called sootetimes, the Pi/thagorean, CoperniMn, or NetBlonian system, to be genuine t and also to be the svstem of the uoiversa laid down in the Mosaic writings; tnat tile Sus is in the centre of wliat is ealled the aolar system; and that the mrlh, and all the other planeit, wbetMr primary or aeeondary, laort round him in certain periodical time^ aecofding to the quantity of their matter, and dislaooe from him, their centre.

3. I consider the sun to have tx> revolution round any crbii, but to revolve round his own axU, and round the eommon centre of gravi^ in the planetary system, which eentre of gravity is ineluoed within bis own surface, and ia all other reqieets X eonnder him to be at ratt in the iTsiem.

4. I consider the earth, not only at reeoMng round the siin in 366 daya^ B hmirs, 49 minutes, and 48 seconds, but as mehing round iU own axis, and niakiiiK this revolution tn 23 hours, 66 minutes, and 4 secoDdsi that in the course irf 24 hours complete, every pan of its surface is ollecOBleJy turned to the sun; and that this revohilion con- BtituCea our day and night, as the former does our year: &at it is day to all those parts which have the sun above the horizon; and nighi to those which have the sun bdow it: and that this diurnal revolution of the earth, or revolving round its own axis, in a direction from west to east, Mcasions what is commonly called the riting and teUing Vt the tun, whidi appearance ia occaaioneo, not by any Mofjon in the sua himselt but by this mo/ ton qf Ou earth; which may be illualiated bjr a ball or globe appended to a (hren^ and caused lo torn round. If mis be held opposite to a ea«di4, it will appear half enlightened and half dark; hot the dark parts will be seen to come aueceMnveljf into the figAt, and the enlightened parts into the ^adei while the candle itself) which gives tbe tight, ia fixed, not changing iU position.

6. I consider the solar influence to be the cause both of the qttimol aitd d&artud motioa of die earth; and that wbile that iidhience continues to act upon it, ttectntling to the law which God originally impressed on both the earth and the sun, the annual and diurnal motions of die earth must continue; and that no power, but die unlimited power of Ood, can alter this influence, change, or suspend, the opersdon of thia law: but diet He ia audi an infinitely pass AacBT, that He eao, when his uiwrring wisdom sees good, idter, suspend, or even annihilate all secondary causes and their eSecist for it would be dHradtng to the perfections of his nature to suppose, Aat he had ao bound himtty by the laws which he has ^ven for the preservation and direction of universal nature that he could not change them, alter their cfTecta, or suspend their operations, when greater and better effects, in a certain lime or pbx^ might be produced by ■ucfa temporary change or suraennon.

& I conaider, that the miracle wrought on thia occasioR, ■srved great^ to oonfira^^ Insehlei, not only ia dw

midst of heaven, and hasted not to go down

belief of the being and perfections of God, but also in the doctrine of an eapedal Providence, and in the nullity of the whole system of idolatry and superstition.

7. That no evil was done by this miraculous interference, nor any law or property of nature ultimately changed: on the contrary, a moat important good was produced, which probably, to this people, couid not bare been brought sbout any other way; and that, tberdbre, the miracle wrought on thia occasion, was highly woill^- of the-wisdom and power of Ood.

B. I consider, that the terms in the text employed u describe this miracle, are not, when ri^tly uodeiMood, eoatrary to the well-established notions of tbe true aystem td the universe; and are not spoken, as some have conieoded, ad captum vulgi, to the prejudices of tiie commoo people mueli leas oo they fevour tbe PtoUmaic, ot any other kypoiheait, that places tbe eatih in tbe centre of lbs solar system,

Havmg laid down these preliminaries, someibattflbservations on the words ot the text may n suffieicnt.

Joshua's address is in & poetic form in the origins]. Bad makea the two following liemistichs:

rrm gratm om tayiddom Jia-simasH r«-T*aaAC8 &mad. And tht sua waa dumb, or nlent, and At noon tlood HilL And in the latter clause of this verse it is added, And the mn atood Hill in the midat <^ jUomr, and haated not to go down about a whole day.

It seems necessary here to answer the question, At wfaaC time of tbe day did this miracle take placet Hie ezpn»- siou D'cm nna be^iatai hathamayttn, in the midat of heaveTi, seems to intimate, that the sun was at that time on the meridian ot Qibeon, and consequently bad ana hatf of iU course to run; and this sense of tbe place has been strongly contended for, as essential to the miracls. for the greater display of the glory of Ood: "Beemmf say its abfcttors, " had the miracle been wrought wbea ms sun was near the going down, it might have been tnistaken for some refraction of the rays of light, ocesaioMd by a peculiarly moist state of the atmosphere in tbe borison of that place; or by some ucfa appearance as du Aurora Borealla. To me, there seems no solidity in this reason: had the sun been arrested in the merimM, the miracle could scoroely have been noticed, and especially in the huriy and confusion ol that timet snd *s may be assured, tnat among the Conaanites thare wo* neither cloeka nor time-keepert, by which the pretematoial length of such a day could nave been accurabEiy measured t but, on the contrary, hod the sun been dMut the Mtttag, when both the pursuers and tbe ptirstisd moat be appsehensive of its apeedy disappearaao^ its continoanee far several hours ofose «« Aoruoft, oo near tbe point wbea A mi^t be expected to go down, must have been vny sb> servile ancl striking. Hie enemy must see, feel, and deplore it i as their hope of escape must, in such eiietmiataiices, be founded on the speedily entering in of As night, through whidt alone they could expect to elude d» pursuing Israelites. And the ItraelUea ihc ni ael vea mast behold, with astonishment and wonder, that tbe odUng sun kaaled not to go down aboat a wM» daif, aflbiding them supernatural time totally to destroy a rowed whidi otherwise might have hod time to rally, cofifed^ rate, choose a proper station, and attack in their torn, wiA peculiar adraniagea, and a probability of suoeesa. It wpears, therefore, mudi more reasonable that Jodnia Anad require this miracle to be performed when dayHgU moa a6ou( to fait, justas tbe sun was aetting. If we were » consider the sun as being at the merimaR of Oibeen, as some understand the nddat qf heaven, it ray be w«l asked, " How could Joshua know that he rfraukl not hate time enough to complete the deatniction of his eneaiie^ who were now completely routed?" Already multitadee of them had fallen by the hailstones and bj tbe ssracdt and if he had yet half a day before him, it would bavs been natural en«igh for him to conclude that be bad s sufficient of time for the purpose, his men having bean employed all night in a fonti nnrch, and half a dsy is dose ll^tii«i sad, indsed, had ha not bean ondw Ml

14 And there wes "no * dky like Bult before It or after It, that the I^obd hearkened unto

wpeeial inapinuion, he could not have reqaeated th« miraele M mli, knowing, aa he muat hkve dgoe, that hia men muat be nearly esliaiuted bv marching alt night, and figbttng all day. But it may be aakcd. What ia the meaning of 0*Dvn rtns btchaUi ha^iataayim, which we tranalata in th« midtl nf heaven? It wuh Mr. Bate, we traaalate rwn ehaUah, to part, divide tuuntUr, then it may refer to the Harixon, which i» the appartrU dt^iaion of the heavens inui the ttppM- and Uneer hemisphere; and thus the whole verae haabeen underatood byaome emiiRDily learned men, who bam tRuwlated flw whole passage tftna: And the ■*mn Mfd 9tUt in the (opper) bemUphere qf heaven, and halted not to go dovm, when the day woa wmpUte; that U, though the day waa then complete, the mm being on toe honxoB, Ihe line that to the ^e oonatitatod the mU heaven; yet it haaied not to go down, waa mireculoualv wacained in ii« than altnaat ttUijig poaitioni and tl^ ■eema atill more evident from the nuKd si^Kariiw at ihm fiine, which it ia not reaaonable to suppoae couldbe visible ia (be glare of li^t occaeioned by a noon-day auo.

Bui the main Buaineaa relative to the atanding atill of the aun, atill remaina to be considered.

I have already aenimed, aa a thoroughly demonstrated tniih, that the sun ia in the centre of t& ayaiem, moving •nlj rtmad hia own axi^ and the common centre of the ■ gravity of the planetary nstem, while all the planets ntolw romtd ^m, Prop. £ and S. that bis influence ia the eaoM of Ibe diamal and annwU rovoluUons of the eardi; Bor can I aee what other purpose hia revolution round hia own azia can poanUy anawer, Prop. 5.

t eonaider. that the word Brn dom, in dte text, refers to BU mlhhalding or restraining this inflnepee, so that the ceHationof the eartb'a motion mi^t immediatelr take place, "nie deaire of Joriiua waa, that the aun mi^t not nnk below uie horizon; but aa if appeared now to be ow Oibeon, and the vteon to be over the valley of Ajalon, he payed that they might continue in these positions till the battle should be coded; or, in other woma, that the day ■kould be miraculoualy lengthened out.

Whether Joshua had a correct philosophical noiion of Die tnie system of the universe, is a subject that need not come into the present inquiry: but whether he gpoke with strict propriety on this occasion, ia a matter of importance, benuae he muat be conaidered as acting under the divine jm^cmc^' in requeating the performance of auch a atupen- OOds ramacle; and we may aafely assert, that no man in nis right mind would have thought of offering auch a petition nad he not fek himself under some Divine afflatus. Leaving therefore hia philosophic knowledge out of the qa«8tioiL he certainly spcdce as if he had known that the a^ar mfluenoe was the cause of the earth's rotation, and, nerefore, with the atrieteat philoaophic proprie^, be re- ntrf mat that infhienee might be for a time restrained, the diurnal motion of the earth might be arrested, through which alone the aun could be kept above the horizoo, and day bo prolonged. Hia mode of ezpresaion evidently cooaiders the aun aa the great rtder or maaler in the ayatem; and all the planets, (or at least the earth) moving in their respective orbits at bta ammand. Ha ^ntondeMtea bim, (in the name, and by the audiority ci his Creator) to suspend his mandate with respect to ue earth s motion, and that of its satellite, the moon. Had he said, earth, ttand thou the cessniion of who« dmmal motion was the effect of his command, it could not have obeyed him; as it ii not even tlic etconaary cause either of its annual motion round the sun, or lis diurnal motion round its own axis. Instead of doing ■Mw apMUCa to the sua, the cause (under God) of aU these notion^ as his irreat archetype did, when, in tlie alorin on the aca of Tiberiae, he rebuked tlio wind first, and then said to the wavee. Peace I be still! Zi fvm, be silemtI be noKs! Mark iv. 39. and the effect of this command was, a cessation of the agitation in the sea, because the vind ceased to command il, that ia, to exert its mHoence upon the waters.

nie terms in this command are worthy of particular note! Joshua does not aay to the sun. Stand atill, as if he fMd conceived Mm to he running hie race round the earn.' but be tiUnt, or inacHve, that is, aa I understand it,r«lratn thy injlaenee; no longer act upon the earth, O"™? it to revolve round its axis; a mode of speech Wbt^is certainly consistent with the strictest astronomical knowledge: and the writer of the account, whether JiNiuia hunself, or the author of the Book of JWi<r, in ruattngibe consequence of this command, ia eauollyace*^xijiig^wmrd widely lUlftre&CwliSn haaped^a of the effect the retention of the solar influence had on the moon: in ihe firai cose, the sun was ntenl, or ittaeHve, ort dom, in the latter ihe moon itood atiil, ^Djr dmod. The atanding atill of the moon, or its continuance above the horizon, would be the natural effect of the ceaaatioa of the solar influenee, whidt obliged the euth to diseootinue her diurnal rotation, which of course would arrest the moon, and thus both it and the stin were kept above the horizon, probably for the apace of a whole tiay. As to the address to the mooTi, it is not concetvnl in the soma term* as ihut to the sun, and for the most obvious philosophical reasons i all that is said is simply, and the moon on the vote of AJalm, which may be inua underalood: " Let tlte sun restraiu his influence, or be inactive, as lia appears now vpm Qibeon, that the moon may contiouA as she appears now over the vale of Ajalon." It is worthy of renwk, that every word in this poetic address, is appaiently selected with the greatest oantiao and preounon.

Persons who are no friends to IKvine revelation a», " that the account given of this miracle, auitpoaea itaa earth to be in the centre of the system, and the sun nofveablei and as this it demonstrably a fiUsephilosophy, cod* sequently the hiatory was never dictated by the Spirit of truth." Oihera, in answer say, "that the Holy Spifif condescends to accommodate himself to the apprebensiona of [be vulgar: the Israelites would naturally have imagined that Joshua was deranged, had he bid the tart\ ttand etill, which thejr grant would have been the most accurate and philosophical mode of Command on this casioa." But with due deference both to the Meetora and dtfendera, I most assert, that such a fbrm of^apeech. oo suoh an occasion, would have been utterly unphUoaophie i and that the exprenona found in the Hebrew text, are suoh Sir Isaac Newton himself might hava denominated, every thing considered, elegant, correct, and BUblima Nor does it at all appear, that the jtrefudieee the vulgar were consulted on this occasion; nor is there a word here, when properly understood, that is inconsistent with the purest axiom of the soundest idulosofiby } and certainly nothing that implies tm aadramction, Igran^ that when the peojde have to do with attronomieal aad philoaophieal matters, then the terms of the science may be accommodated to their apprehenaiona; it is on this ground that Sir Isaac Newton himself speaks of the rieing and of the eetling o^ the aun; though all genuiite i^lo- Bophera know, that these appearaneee are produoed by the rotation at the earth on ila own azia, from west to east. But when matters of tiiia kind are to be tianaacted lM»> tween Ood and hia prophets, as in the above ease, then subjects relative to philosophy, are conceived in their proper terms, and exprcssea according to their own nature. At the conclusion of the 13th verse, a different expression ia used when it is^d. So the tun atood atill, it IB not an dom, but lop amad; vocn lopi vaiya&mod ha-^utntth, which expression, thus varying from that in the command of Joshua, may be conaiMred as in^lying^ tiiat in order to reatratn his injtuence, which I luva »• aumed to be flie cause of the earth'a motion, the sun himself became inactive, that is, ceased to revolve round his. own axis: which revolution is probably one cause, not only of tne revolution of the earth, but of all the other planetary bodies in our system, ana might have affected all die planets at the time in question: but this neither could, nor dkl, produee any disorder in nature; and the delay of a few hours in the whole planetaiy motion^ dwindles away into an imperceptible point, in the thousands of yearB of their revoluiiona. I need scarcely add, ihat the command qf Joshua to the tun, iB to be under-. stood as a jtrayer to God (from whom the aim derived his being and bts continuance) that the effect might be what is expressed in the command: and therefore it is. said, vcr. 14. that the Loan hzabxhhko tmro ran voicM OP A MAit, j^Jr the hard fought for Israel.

I have thus gone through ihe different parts of this astonishing miracle, and have endeavoured to account for the whole in as plain and simple a manner as possible. It is not pretended that this account should aatisfy every re»der; and that scerjr difflcuUy is solved: it would m impossible to do this in sudi a compass as that by which I am necessarily circumscribed: and I have been ^obliged, for the sake of brevity, to throw into the form of jnvpoaitiont, or obBervations, several points which may appear to demand illufltration and proof— for such I must reifer the reader to astronomical treatises. Calmet, Scheuchzer, and Saurin, with several cS our own countrymen, ha:v«

15 4 And Joshna returned, and «U Ivael with

16 If But theae five kiafs fled, and 'hid themselves in a cave at MakkMah.

17 And it was told JoBhna, sayiriA-, The five kines are found hid in a care at MaEkedah.

IS And Joshua said, ■ Roll great stones upon the mouth of the cave, and set men by it for to keep them:

19 And Btay ye not, but pursue after your enemies, and i smite the hindmost of them; suffer them not to enter into their cities: for the Lord your God hath delivered them into your hand.

SO And it came to pass, when Joshua and the children of Israel had made an end of slaying them with a very great slaughter, till they were consumed, that the rest which remained of them, entered into fenced cities,

21 And nil the peoi>le returned to the camp to Joshua at Makkedah in peace: " none moved his toi^ue against any of the children of Israel.

22 If Then said Joshua, Open the m«uth of the cave, and bring out those five kings nnto me out of the cave.

23 And they did so, and brought forth those five kings unto him out of the cave, the king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of Lachieh, and the king of Kglon.

24 And it came to pass, when they brought out these kings unto Joshua, that Joshua called for all the men of Israel, and said unto the captains of the men of war which went with him. Come near, * put your feet upon the necks of these kings. And thev cante near, and put their uet upon the necks 4^ them.

25 And Joshua said onto them, 'Fear not,

tpAaa Isrgely on this dHBeult subject; but in such away, u I am obSg«d to oonfeit, bu given me litile latiafaciton; and which appears to me to leave the main difficultiea unremOTed. Conflctous of the difficultiea of thia subject, I beg leave to address every candid reader, in the often quoted words of tn eminent author,

" Book ^ JoAer] Tho book of die unrigbt. See on Numb. xxi. 14. Probably this was a book, which, in reference to Joshua and his transactions, was similajr to the Commentaries of C»sar, on his wars with the Oauls. Critics and commentators are greatly divided in their sen* titoenu relative to ttie nature of this book, t^ie opinion above appears to me most prtAable.

Verse 14. And Ourt vat no day liiu tha£\ There was no period of time in which the sun was kept so long above the horizon, as on that occasion. Some learned men have supposed that the Fable PhaUon was founded on this historie fact. The bble may be seen, with idl the elwnnca of poetic embellishment, io the commencement of the second book of Ovid's MetsmorfdHMea i but I confess I can see nothing in die pieteoded copy, that can justify the above opinion.

Verse tS. At^ Joshua retumed—urth At camp io OUgaL] That the IsraelitiBh army did not return to the camp at Oilgal, till after ttie hanging of the five kings and the destruction of their cities, is sufficiently evident from the subsequent parts of this chapter. When all this business was done, and not before, they returned unto the camp to Oilgal. See ver. 43. This verae is omitted by the Sephtaginl and by the Anglo-Saxon: and it does not appear to have existed in tfie ancient hexaplar versions; it atonds in its proper place, ver. 43. and is not only useless where it is, but appears to be an incumbrance to the narrative. Should it be conaidered as genuine, and in its proper place; I would propose that rnpu Maikedah, should be rasd intfead of nViVi Oilgalah, for we find from ver. 21. that Joahoa had a temporary camp there. Then Jothua returned and alt I»raa tsin JUm, unto the camp to Hak- KXDAH — after which w« may suppoae, that Joshua, having •einired the cave, sent some detachments to scour the couutry, and cut oK all the remaining stragKling Canaanites; when this was done, also returned to the camp at Hakfariah, as is jtelsted, ver. 21. and when the buiioess nor be dismayed, be stTong. and of food eotnwe: ft>r ' thus shall the Loan do to all your enemies against whom ye fight.

26 And aflerwara Joshua smote them, and slew them, and hanged them on Ave trees: and they ' were hanging upon the trees until the evening.

27 Anditcanwtopassatthetiraeof thegoiqr down of the sun, theit Joshua cDssmanded, and they 'took them down off the trees, and east them into the cave wherein they had been bicL and laid great stones in the cave's mouth, wkUi remain until this very day.

28 IT And that day Joshua took Makkedah, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and. the king thereof he utter^ destroyed, tii^, and all the soois that were therein; be let none remain: and he did to the king of Makkedah 'as he did unto the king of Jericho.

29 1[ Then Joshua passed from Makkedah, and alt Israel wfUi hhn, unto Lfltnah, and ibn^ against Libnah:

30 And the Lord delivered it also, and the king thereof, into the hand of Israel; and be smote it with the edge of the sword, and all the souls that ivere therein; he let none remain in it; but did unto the king thereof, as he did unto the king of Jericho.

31 If And Joshua passed from " L3>nah, and all Israel with him, unto I^achish, and encamped agninflt it, and fought against it:

32 And the Loan delivered Laehish into the hand of Israel, which took it on the second day. and smote it with the edn of the sword, and im the souls that were therem, aoeOTdiogtoaUtfaat he 1^ done to Libnah.

Verse 16, Bid therMdve* in a oave] It is very likdy that this cave was a fortified place, among some rocks; for there were many such places in dirorent parts of Palestine.

Verse 21, None mated hit tongue\ TTie whole transactions of this important day, had. been carried on bo evidently under the direction of God, that there was not the least murmuring, dot cause for i^^among them, fur tbeir 2j (jiaeomfited. There is sa —

Verse 24. Put your feet upon Bu necka nfOuM ifa^] This an wacdone eymboiicaUv, as a token not only a the present complete victory, but of their appmathing trioinpli over all tiieir adversvies, which is the interpi:etation givca of it Joi^ua, in the succeeding verse.

Verse 26. Smott—^ae-^nd hanged thanm.Jt»alrm»[ Hanging aiive seems a barbarous custom t asaooig As Hebrews, criminals were first deprived of life, this was Ute debt required by jatlice; then they were lianrad uf, perhaps generally the hands, not by the nede; this wss done oy way of exampU, to deter other* from commioiwg die crimes for which those bad suffered; but they wen never pennittad to hang dius exposed alt night, as lUs could nave answered do purpose, either of jtutiet or ex- (»n|>l«^astheyoniUftMbesBentndteni^tscason. Om day also was deemed enough for their exposure, it being thought sufficient to show uie ptiblic, that justice bad beea executed: and to have exhibited them Umgtr wouU bavo appeared to be a barbarous cruelty, which attempted to extend punishment beyond the possible requisiiioas of justice. See the note on DeuL xxi. 23.

Verse'iS. TluUday Joikua took Maliittdah\ It »vtrj possible, that Makkedah was taken on the evening of the same day in irtiioh the niraeulous tolttice took pliue; but as to the other cities mentioned in this chapter, tfaty eartainly were subdued some days after; as it is not powiUe that an army, exhausted as this must have been, with a whole nigh^ march, and two days' hard figfaiiiw, cmld. have proceeded bmer than Makkedah that oight— ths other cities were sueeesaively token in the following day&

Verse 29..fWU agoinaf LAiwA] Tins ^7 wss nsar Makkedah, see chap. xv. 42. and feU to the tribe of JtdsK ver. 20, 42, and was given to die priests, chap, xxl 13. Sennacherib besieged t^ after he had been obliged to isiss the sif^s of Uwdui. See3Kii«^xix.aXM.JCxzvii.a.

33 T Then Honim kiag of G«zw came up to faelp Lachish; and J^mhua Bmote hnn and his people, until he had left him none remaining.

34 if And Itora Lachiah Joshua passed unto Eglon, and idl Israel with him: and they encamped agaliwt it, and fouffhi against hi

35 And they took it on that day, *nd smote it With the edge of the aword, and ftfl the soul e that vere therem he utterly Ueatroyed that day, acoordine to all that he had done to Lachish.

36 T And Joshua went up from Eglon, and all Israel with him, anto * Hebron; ana they fonght Sfainat it:

^7 And they took it, and amote it with the eilge of the aword, and the king thereof, and all the citiea thereof, and all the aools that were therein; he ]eft none remaining, accords to all that he had done to Eglon; but destro/ed it ut- Uvlr, and all the soule that were therem.

38 IT And Jovlnia returned, mid all larael with him, to ' Debir; and fought against if:

Tane 32. LaAUk] It Kppem that this wm uunontly • very atrocg ptacs— notwithatandiiw ih« people were Mmio-ttniet uid die InoelitM fluthed with nuceM, yet JkMbm eould not reduee it till the Mcood dw, aud the king of ABsyria afterward waa obliged to mite Ae wUge. See above, and tee the note oo ver. 'i.

Yeree 33. Hormm Ainf ^ Gcmt] It ii likely that Bomn waa in k atale of alliaaee with the king of I^atAiA t •od therefore came to bi> aaautanoeaa loonaa it appeared that be wa« li&aly to be attaeked. Jo^iua pvbablj aent a detacbsieDt waiiM hi^ befora he waa able W film a junotiop with the lorc«aafJ&wHa>f and uttvlydeauoyed hint and hia army.

Otztr ia mppoaed to haire been aituated near Azottia. See 1 Moccab. xIt. 31 It Esll to the tribe of Et^uaim, ehap. xvi. 3. but ««■ probably taken afterward by aome of (he reouiant of dha Canaanitiih nationaj for we find it waa eivBn by Piiaraoh to hie aon-in^law Solomon, I Kings ix. 16. wfaidi prorea that it had got out of the poaaession of the laraelitea, praTioualy to the daya of Sohuaon.

Terae34. ff/ml It ii likely that thiatownwaanot any great diatanee mimLaohiah. See on ver. 3.

Taraea 36 and 37. HAroty—and the king Ourwf] See the note on ver. 3. Prom ver. 23- we learn that Vm king flf Hebron waa one of thoae JUe whom JoAua alew and banged on five treea at Makkedah. How then can it be aaid that he «bw tlu king of IMnm, when he look the city, whieh waa aome days after dw tranaaetmia at Maltkedahl Either diia alaying of (be kiag of Hebron mnat refer to what had alrtady been done; or the Hebronitea, finding that Iheir king fell in battle, had aet up onaAer in bia places which was ihs king Jauuia alew after he had taken die city and tta dependenciei, aa ia related, var 91.

It appean that the city of t/ebnm had fallen back into tha haada of the Canaanitea; for it waa again taken from them by the tribe Of Judab, Jodg. i. 10. Debir had abo Ulen into their haada, for it waa reconquered Othnitl, the iOD-in-law of Cafeb, Ih 11—13. Hie manner in which Calmet accouoU for thia ia very natural; Joehua, in hia rapid eonqueata, contented himaelf with taking, delaoliahing, aad burning thoae dtiea: but did not garnaM aay of ibtra, for fear m weakening hii army. In aareral ioataneea, no doubt, the acaUered Caaaanilaa relumed, f«- peoplet^ and put thoae citiea in a ttatotrfdefanee. Haaea the lanwiitea w«t« obliged to reeonquer them a sectMid time. Thia ia a mora rational way of accounting for theae thinga, than that which auppoaea that the firat cb^ter of Jodgea givea the more detaued aecount of the tranaactiona recorded here; ^ there it ia expreaaly aaid, that tbeee tiaiiaactiaaa took place qfUr Hu dtatk qf Jothua, aee Judg. L vor. 1. and cooaequendy cannot be the BBne that ate awtioned hare.

Terae 39. Dtalrmpd aU th» aou/*}— vu Sa rm refvm wawkarimu et eol nephe^ They brought every peraon under aa anathtma — they Mlher alew them, or rednoad them to a ataie (tf alavery. Ia it reaamiaMe to say, thoae were ahuD who were^tuul in armsi of the odiera, they made »lave* 7

Dmtf^ aU thai bna&tdl Every peraon found in ann% trao continued to reaiat— theae ware all daainyed — Aonwho ntbinlttod araca qiandi hot niaay, no oonb^

39 And he took it, and the king thereof, and all the citiea thereof; and they smote them with the edge of the sword, and utterly destroyed all the souls that were therein; he left none r&- maining: as be had done to Hebron, so he did to Debir, and to the king thereof; as he had done also to Libnah, and to her king.

40 IT So Joshua smote alF the country of the hills, and of the south, and of the vale, and of the springs, and all their kings: he left none remaining, but utterly destroyed all that breathed, as the Lord God of Israel * commanded.

41 And Joshua Ermote them from Kadeah-barnea, even unto ' Gaza, « and all the country of Goanen, even unto Gibeon.

43 And all theae kings and their land did Joshua take at one time, because the LoBD God of Israel fought for Israel.

43 And Joshua retarned, and aU Israel with him, ttnto the camp to QilgaL

made their escape, and afterward rs-oocupied oertain |«rts of the land. See on vcr. 36, 37, Verae 41. AndaatheanaUryof (7os^l Calmet eonteoda that this waa the very same country in which the H^rews dwelt before their departure from E^ypt, and according to thia hypothesis, be has constructed hir map, cauaing it to exteocl from the Nile, which was called die river of Egyplj along the fivntiera of tha land of Cuah or Arabia. It oow^ ever appears plain, that there waa a city named Cfoahmin the trne of Judah, see eh^i. xv. 61. and this probably

TerM42. Didjotfmataktatmtetittui That is, he defeated all those kings, and took all their citiea in ona campaign: this appean to be the rational construetioQ of the Hebrew. But these conquests were ao rapid and alupeiw dooa, that th^ cannot be attributed either to the generalof Jo^ua, or the valour of the lareelites; ai^ hence the author himself diacleiming the merit of them, modestly and pioualy adds, beeauae the Lord Qod qf l»ratl /ought for hraeL It was by thi> aid that Jothva took luf the»4 Inntt and their land at <nu time — in a single campa^. And when all the eircumstancea related in thia chapter are properly wei^ied, we sbal) find that QOD atone eould have perlonned QMia workai and that bodi raiwoa and pUty require, that to hoi alma they should be attributed.

1. Tam prindpal subjects of diis important chaptM', have been eooaidered eo much in detail in the precedmg note% that there ia little room to add any thing to what has already been aaid. The principal subject la the miracle the Bun's standing still, and to assert that all diffieulUeo have been removed, by tha preceding notes and observationa, would be to aay what the writer doea not believe, and what few readera would feel dimoced to crediL Yet it ia hoped that the chief diflienltlea have been removed; and the miracle itself shown to have nodiiag eontiadiowry in it. I^ as is generally believed, the sun and moon were objecla of dM Canoanitish odoradon, the miiruile was graciously calculated to check this superstition, and to snow the Israelite^ as well aa the CanaanitM. the vani^ of sodi worship RIM the folly of swdi dqienaence. Even dieir gods, at the eommanf of a lervani of JanovAn, were iMtgad to contribute to the deetruetion o/* their votarier. ■ tbn metho lof eheekiog topentition, and deBtroying idolatry, God adopted in die plagues which he infiietea iipoa die Egyptians: and by it, at once showed hia jtuiiee and his mercy. See the concluding observations on Exod. xii,

2. The same Ood who appeared so signally in behalf of bis people of old, is still Ac Governor m the heavens and the earth, and if applied to, will do evny diing esaeniially neBeaaary for the eztenaion of hia truth, and Um maintenaaeaof^hia reli|p'oo among men. How is it that faith ia mrely exercised inhiapoverand goodneea? Wehaveno^ beeauae we ask not: — Our experienee of his goodness ia oontiaoted, because we pray htde, aad believe least To holy men of old, die object <n faith was more obscurely reveaJed than to us; and Acy had fewer helps to their faith i yet they believed more, and witneaaed greater display of die power and mercy of dieir Maker. Reader, hatejhith in Oodi and know, that to excite^ exerciaB, and crown dii^hehaagtvnthcahifl Word mA\m Spirit, uA\mn to knew, thai witheat Mm you can do nothing.

nit MSiiHt tnil. 1 — S. ^tttr Mtefa Ibdr uou al Hit nun d( Mmm, 1,l> n* Conl aDcmnaa Joatwa, t. Ha aiueb aad dlarealia Ihro, 1, 8 Haafta al ibar benta, aA bom ah tbati ctaaiigu, ft TakB ami bona irwal tl toamrj ukn b* Jg*iia, IS— U. Tba Oibutu awl ffiiilii cnlr. milia Maaa wtUi!««, It- All Um nM >«■■, ud an cnarmm.B). JsriiBiL euu off &w Anikki. W, tt TIm Mnm ka^ an In lni( aad ika var k twlnM. a.

-tl. king of Hazor had heard t/utsp. io^.m. fjii„ggj\iax he ' sent to Jobab king of Madon, and to the king ^ of Shimroa, and to the king of Achahaph,

2 And to the kings that uere on the north of the mountains, and of the plains south ofi Chinneroth, and in (he valley, and in the borders ™ o( Dor on the west,

3 And to the Canaanite on the east, and on the west, and to the Amorite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, and Jebusite in Uie monntauifl, " and to the Hivite under " Henam ' in the land of Mizpeh.

4 And they went out, they and all their hosts

NOTES OP CHAPTER XI. Tene I- Jalrin king of Hdzor] It u probable that Jabin WM the common aame of all the kings of Haxor. That kiw, by whom (he laraelitea were kept ia a state of slavery mt tweotf yean, and waa defeated by Deborah mad Barak, was called by this iurim^ see Juds. it. 2, 3, '23. 'S^mataigaiUmaUeorintHiigeiU. The cuy of fituor was situatM above the take Semteken, in upper CWilee, MMwding to Joeephiu^ Antiq. lib. v. e. 6. It we* given to the tribe of N^htali, Josh. xix. 36. who, it aopeare, did not poMcsa it long; for thoueh it was burnt by Joahua, ■nr. 11- it ie likely that the Canaanitea rebuilt it, and re- Morcd this ancient govenunent, as we fiqd a powerful king there aboot one hundred and thirty yean after the death of Joiliua, Judg. tv. 1. It ie the eame that was taken by TigkUh'ptUaerf together with KatUah, to which it is con* tiguous, see 2 Kings xt. 29. It is supposed to have given name to the Valla/ or Plain of Hazor or NoxoTj situated between it and lUtdesh, where Jonathan and Hattalhioe defeated the armies of DetiulriiM, end slew diree ibousaAd of their men, 1 Haccab. xi. 63 — 74. It was, in ancient tiniM dte metropoUtan city of all that district, and a number « petty ki^ or chieftains were subject to its king, see ver. 10. and itislikely that it was those tributary kinfp who were summoned to attend the king of Hazor on this occasion i for Joshua having oowjuered the soHlhem part of the promised land, the noitbem pans ab^off theaoselves expoeeo, made now a CMomoo inlvml, and joiDing with Juiin, endeavoured to put a sUp to the pmgresi ot UM Israelites. See Calmtt.

Jobab king (if Madon\ This royal city is nowhere else mentioned in Scripture, except in ohu. xii. 19. The Tatiean copy of the Septuagiot reads MMfttm, Mdron, which, if bgirimatSi Calmet laioks may mea% Maronia, or Mantth, in Pboniieia, to the north of mount LibatMM. *nie Hebrew text reads p->D J^enm, cluut. xii 20. afier fihunnm. which is probably i3m same with p^s Madon, ver. 19. (ne word having essually dropped out of the preosding place inio the latter, anu the resA and daUth i uUerdiaBged, which mi^t have easily happened from the neat eimuarity of the leUws. Hence Calmet eonjecuiras uet it may be ihe same,^soe with niD Mtna, Judg. v. 23.

JCtnr tf' Skimron} This city is supposed toiie tfie same with iSynUra, in Ctnlo-Syria, joined to MarmoiJMitrath,, Pomponiw Mela. It cannot be Sajnaria,

££Rg oT Achslutpli\ Calmet sspposes this to have been die atj Eedij^ onentiooed by PUnjff PMtmjf, JotfkuM, iod Euaibm. Hie laUer plaoes u within ten miles ol PMmiaU, on the road to Tyra. It feU to the tribe of Asber. See chop. xiz. 2G.

Terse 2. OnHu north qf tiu mmutiaiiU] Or tht moimtete— prt^wbly Hermon, or some moumain not &r from the lake of Genneaaieltt.

•Aad ^ Ou pttuMil Ttal is, the valleys of the above ■MWMwis, which had the sea of ChinnerelK or Geanosvsdi oa dkesoutlk

CSUniursfh] This cily is supposed by St. Jerom, and several others since his time, to fie the same as was afkerweid called T\bmat. From this city orvillMa, ibe sea qf OUtmervM, or Qentu^^eth, probably had lU name.

with them. aaehMople, « even as the sand tkat t« upon the sea-shore in multitude, with horsai and diariots very many.

5 And when all these kings were 'met together, they came and pitched together at the wsters of Meroni, to nght against Israel.

6 And the LoBD said nnto Joshua, ■ Be not afraid because of them: for to-morrow aboot this time will I deliver them op alt slain bcdbre Israel: thou shalt > hough their horses, and bom their chariots with fire.

7 So Joshua came, and all the people of war with him, against them by the waters of Menun suddenly; fuid they fell upon them.

8 And the Lorb delivered thnn into the hand of Israel, who smote them, aiKl chased them imto " great Zidon, uid unto ' * Biisrephothmaim, ' and imto the valley of Mizpeh eastward; and they smote them, tmiil they left them ntme remaining.

9 And Joshua did unto them ' as the Loan bade him: he houghed their horses, and burnt their chariota with fire.

And in tht bordoro vf Dor] Calmet supposes dus Ie mean the duunpaign eountry of the higher aad lower Galilee, on to the Meditemnean sea, and to tbe villef^ or city of Dor, which was the AuRbermost elty of Pbceoioa. Dor was in the lot of the half trtbe of Man— eh, and was dniatad on tbe Mediterranean sea, three leagiMS from CKsarea, and seven from Plolemais.

Verse 3. Tiu. Conoontte on Qu etuC, An.] Hmms wfas dwelt on the berdcra of Jordan, south of tbe sea oIF *nbeiiaa.

On Qu iM<0 'Hiose were the PbceidcianB, wbo dweltoa the coast of the Mediterranean sea, from Dor nonhwarts on tbe WIT to mount Libenus. CtdmeL

Tiu BiviU under Htrmon] Hoont Hermon was w ibs east of Libauus, and the finmtains of Jctdan: it is Ihs same with Sj/rion, and Baal-Htrmmy In Scripture.

T%4 IbmI ^ JmsnA.] There were aeveisil oties of ibis name: ens ia tlie trice of Judaft, cbap. xv. 38.; a temnd in the tribe o( Stnjaimn, chap, xviti. 26.; a third beyond Jontan, in die bibe of Oad,- and t>Jburth beyond JonlsD, in the tribe of Mmatuk, which is that mentiaiked in tbe text, aee W«ll^ Geography. Calmet supposes due Mispefa to be tbe place where Ltdian and Jacob made their cov»- oant, and from which eircunutanoe it took its nane. Sea Gen. xzxi. 48, 4ft

Verse 4. MtcA peopfe, even as the aond] "His farm of speech, by some eallea hfptrholt, conveye simply tbe idea Of a vast or unosual number—* number, of' which no regular estimate could be easily foroed. Joaeptma, wbo selaoM finds diffieultiea in each oases, and makea no acn^ pie of often speaking wiftcuf book, tells us that tbe allied offfiiea amounted to 300,000 foot, 10,000 how, and 20,000 ehariote of war, Anti(|. lib. ft. 1.

That cAbHoIs were (tetpiently used in wnr, all lbs records of antia|Qiiy prove; but it is generally sum need, dwt among the Canuaites they were anned with iron snttas fastened to their poles, and to die now* of their wheels. Terrible things are eiraken of theee, and the havoe made a them when furiously driven among tbe ranks of isfrniry. vriiM sort tbe esvedry waa, we know not; but from as account here given, we may see what gnat advnnlssp these slliaa pnwasisd over the bnelim^ whose snaMS oonsiBtcd of jn^infry only.

TsrseS. 7»«ieoler#o^ JlferomTWhore these wnM wer^ interpreter! are not agreed. Whether they were As waters of the lake Semeekoiif or die wtero ijf Mtgiddo, mentioned Judg. v. 19. cannot be easily determined. Ttm latter is itae more probable opinion.

VerseO. Btnot i^raid^flkem\ To mest sneh a ftpmidoble host, eo weu eqoipiMd, in tneir own eomtiy, tenidied with all that waa neoeaiMry to supply a wiiuenw army, required Bote ten oidinsry eneourageoHei ia Joriiua's circumstaneea. TtuM eonununiostion fron God waa hisbly neceasary, in order to prevnK the psopls fnim desponding on the eve of a conflict in which Ibar oB was at stake.

Verse 7. By the leatero qf Merom nddenlf} JiAwn being apprised of diis cnnd eosMerstkm, kit do tna^ but marched to meet them i and be&in mr eooU bsna suppoeed him at haod; kM snUaaly upao tttsai mk {■! them to die rout.

Tersea Oroat Zidon] If diis w«re tbft aaoe vriA As £!tdoa of the aneieats, it was iUnitrious long belan As

10 IT And Joshua at that Ume t^ned bade, and tcMik Hazor, and Bmote the lane thereof with the sword: for Haxor beiorctime was the head of all those kinffdems.

11 And ther smote all the souls that -were therein with the edge of the swor^ utterly deetroyinelAem: there was not'aoy left to breathe; and heTnirnt Hazor with fire.

A- M m«. 12 And alt the cities of those kings, fn. bffto and all the kings of them, did Joshua ab^^ I take, and smote them with the edge of oijr»«'»w. the sword, and he utterly destroyed them, ■ as Moses, the servant (riT the Lord, commanded.

13 Bat as for the cities that stood still « in their strength, Israel bnrned none of them, save Hazor only: thai did Joshua burn.

1 4 And all the spoil of these cities, and the

Trojan war: and both it and iu inhabilaott are fnmieatly mntiooed by Hoioer, ai excelling in works of tlaU ud vliUljh and abounding in weatA:

cattle, the chfldren of Israel took for a pra'uoto themaelTes; but every man they smote with the edge of the sword, until they had destroyed them, neither left they any to breathe.

15 * Ae the Lord commanded Moees his servant, ao did Moses command Joshua, and *wo did Joshua; ' he left nothing ondone of all that the Lord commanded Moses.

16 1) So Joshua took all that land, ■ the hills, and all the south country, and all the land of Goshen, and the valley, and the plain, and the mountain of Israel, am the valley of the same;

17 i Even fVom ^ the mount Halak, that goetti up to Seir, even unto Baal-gad in the valley of Lebanon under mount Hermon: and) all their kin» he took, and smote them, and slew them.

H "Joshua made war a long time witii alt those things.

TTie art of making glau u attributed by Pliny lo this ton. StDOM ar^ftx mfri, HiaL Nat. 1. v. c 19- ji^trtjihatK-maim[ Or AUarefdioth of the valert. What this place wu, is unKnows t bul Calmet uuijeeturea it to ba toe aame with Sartfita, a city of Phcenina, contiguous to Sidon. The word signifies tne burning ^ tht vatcri. Of ir^JUmmoticn — probably it was a plaioe noted for ita hM •pringt; this idea seems to have struck Luther, as he tnuialuea it, Ute Inatnu 'mstSX—the hot lealert.

Verae 9. He hoaghcd their hortts) The Hebrew word ikar, which we rendu to hough, or kajiutringy Kgnifiea to wound, dtt, or lop off. It ia very likely that it MBSTia bere^ not only an act by which they were render^ uaeUm, but by which they were destrtn/ed; as Ood bod purpowd thatnia people uiould not posseaa any cattle of this kind, that a warlike and enterprising; spirit might not ba cultivated among ihem; and that, when oblised to defend themselves awl Iheir country, they might oe led to depend UDon God for protection and victory. On the same arooadi^aod had forbidden the kings of Israel to muUiply fcrsw^ Psufc zvlL 16. See the note there, containing tlie l—anna on which thia prohibition was fciuiided.

. Tsraa 13. Tk* atiea Oud ^ood fOU in their strength] Tbe word o^n telam, which we translate their strength^ and ibe margin, th rir heap, has been understood two ways. L As aigBilying those cities which had made peace with the lamuite^ when conditions of peace were offered, aoaosdixtg t» the commaod of the lav t and consequently, weia not dast rayed. Such as the cities of the HivUa, see var. 19. Z The cities which were situated upon hilU and mountmnM, which, when taken, mieht be retained with Hole difficult. In this sense the |dace is understood the Tulgate, as imnting out the cities, tpice erant in colUbue at btmulta eitte, which were situatea on hills and emi- BfoON. As dia cities of the p/oinmi^t be easily atladced and oanied, Jodua destroyed them. AuOr excepted: but M those OQ meiuUaina, hilU, or oQier tminawee, might be retained with little trouble, prudence would dictate their prsaei vaiiuo, ss places of refuge in any insurrection of the people, or invasion of their adversaries. The passage in JswBuaK tiixp. XXX. 16. Jemealem AaU be buUdM on her oim heap, rhn telah, if undsralood. as above, conveys •a easy and dear sensB: Jerusalem liidt be le-establidted

Terw 14. wUI As epoU qf OuH eiHu—]braa Isoi] wth the exception of tbow things which had been em- commentators: and it is not easy to assign bqc^ a meaning to the ploee, as nuty appear in all respeots aatisfaotory,

1. If we consider this veraeand the Slat, to have been adoed after the times bi which the kingdom of Israel and Judah were divided, the difficulty ia at ones removed.

2. The diflficulty will be removed, if we consider that mountoin and vatUy are put here for mouniaine and roU^a^ and that thaae include all the mountains and valleys, whicli were not in the lot that fell to the tribe of Judah. Or, 3. If by mountain (j/* I*^eL we understand Beth-eL where Qoa omeared to Jacots afterward called lerael, and proi» ised biia the land of Canaan,' a part of the diffienlty will be removed. But the first opinion aaema best founded; far there is inconlssiable evidence that several notes have been added to this boidc suwe the days of Joahns. See the Pretace.

Verse 17. Pnm fle mmtni.flala^l All the mountahioua country that extends from the south of the land of Canaan tovani' Srir luito 0aai-g<w^ which lies at the fbot ot mount Lifaanus, or Hermon, Mlled by some the moun tains of Separation, which serve as a limit between the land of Canaan and that of Seir, see chap. xii. 7.

TAe valley qf Lehamm] The whole extent of the plain which is on the south, ana (probably) north of mount Libanus. Calmet conjectures that OHo-Syria is here meant.

Verse 18. Joshua made war a long time] Tht whole of these conquests was not effected in one campaign: it probably required sir or aerea years. There are some chronological notices in this book, and in Deuteronoom by which the exact time may be nearly ascertained. Caleb was jbrty years old when he was sent from Kadeeh-barnea by Mose^ to search out the land, about A. M. 2514; and at the end of this wnr he was etghly-Jlte years old, compare chap. xiv. 10. with Numb. xiii. and Deut. i. consequently the war ended in 26B9| which had begun by the passage of Jordan, on the tenth day of the first month of the year 2SM. From this date to the end of 2S59, we find exactly six years: ihtjtrslof which Joshua aeemslo have employed in llie conquest of the touih part rtf the tend of Canaan, and the other Jite in (he conquest of all (he territories sinuued on the north of that country. See Dodd.

Calmet computes this diflecenily, and allows the term of eeten years for the conquest of the whole land. " Caleb was forty years old when sent from Kcdesh-bamca to spy out the land. At the conclusion of the war he was eirfityfive yean old as himself says, chap, xiv. ver. 10. Froim this sum of eighty-five subtract forty, bis age when he went f^m Eadesh-bunea, and the thirty-eight years which he spent in the wilderness dter his retting ana there wDl remain the sum of tenen years, which was the tihis spent in the conquest of the land.

1. By protracting; the war, the Canaaniles had time to repent, having sufficient opportu ty to discern the hand of Jehovah. Z. Agriculture was carried on, and thus provision was made even for the support of the eonquerora; A>r had the land been aubdued and wasted at once, tillage must have been stopped, and famine would have ensUM. 3. Wild beasts would have moltiplied upon them, and the land have been desolated by iheu- means. 4. Had these conquests been more rapid, the people of laroel would have be«m lesa aflbcted, and less instructed, by miracles that had paiiwd in such qjoiek succession before their eyes; and as in thiB case they vouU have obtained the dominion widi conir paratively litde exertion, they mi^t have felt nwBU•^res less interested in the presei vation of an inheritance, to obtain which, tiiey had been but at little trouble and httis ezpenssi Wbac we lalkour under dte divine blnssinir tv so^pire, wssncanftiltontidn: bat what esiMel^gM^ 9ra

19 There was not a city that made peace with (he children oflsrael, save ■ the Hivites, the inl^oitants of Gibeon: all oiher they took in battle.

20 For » it was of the Lord to harden their hearts, that they should come against Israel in brittle, that he might destroy them utterly, and that they might nave no favour, but that he might destroy them,!■ as the Lord commanded

21 T And at that time came Joehua. and cut off 1 the Anakims from the mountains, from Hebron, from Debir, from Anab, and from all the mountains of Judah, and from all the mountains of Israel: Joshua destroyed them utterly with their cities.

22 There was none of the Anakims left in the land of the children of Israel: only in Gaza, in ' Gath, ' and in Ashdod, there remained.

23 TT So Joshua took the whole land, t according to all that Che Lord said unto Moses; and Joshua gave it ibr an inheritance unto Israel, " accordmg >to their divisions, by their tribes. * And the land rested from war.

-. land, which the children of Israel smote, and possessed their land on the

Snerally got» lightly. God obliged them to put forth sir own strength in this work, and only blessed and prospored them, while they were workers together with aim. See ihe note on ch&p. xiii. ver. 6.

Verse 20. It waa nf tlu Lord to harden their hearta] lliey had sinned Bgiunst all the light they had received, and God left them justly to the hardneai^ obstiim^, and pride of their own heurts, for as they dioae to reiain their idolatry, Ood was determined that tney should be cut off. For as no city made peace with the Israelites but Gibeon and some other of the Hivites, ver. 19. it became therefore necessary to destroy them, for their refusal to make peace was the proof that they wilfully persisted in their idolatiy.

Dtttroyed — their eitiee] 'BsaX is, diOM of the Anakimj for from ver. 13. w« learn that Joshua preserved certain other cities.

Verse 22, Jn Gaza, in Oath, and in AModl Thtt whole race of (he Analdm was exdmted in this war, exeept those who had taken refuge in (oe above dties^ which belonged to the Philistixtes t and in which some of the de- ■eendanta of Anak were found even in the days of David.

Verse 23. So JbsAua took the vhtde land] All the oountiT described here, and in the preceding chapter. Besides ine multitudes that perished in this war, many of the Oanaanites took refuge in the conilnes of the land, and in the neisfabouring nations. Some suppose that a party of these funtiva Canaaniies made themselves masters of Lower SgmL and founded adynaaty there, known by the nanie of the £nepftmiJEEn^; Wit is more probable, that the Shepherda occupied E^ypt, long before Uie time that Jacob went thither to sojourn. It is said they founded 7^ngr£« or 7\mgier, wher^ aecordiiw to Procopiul^ they erected two white piltan^ witn an inscnption in die Pn<Bnieiaa language, of which this is the translation: Wk am nis PLiTMDBaEB, THi SON OF Navo, or iVittt. See Boihart, Phalw and Canaan, lib. i. c. xxiv. col. 476. Many, no doubt, settled in different ports of Africa, in Asia Klinor, in Greece, and in the differuit islands of the ^Igean and Mediterranean sea: it is supposed also, that colonies of this people vrere spread over ciiiferent parts of Germany and Sclavonia, &c but their descendants are now so conlound- •d with the nations of the earth, as no longer to reiain their original name, or to be disoemule.

And JoAua gave it for on inKerHanc* unto Jsracf] He claimed no peculiar jurisdiction over it; his own bmily bad no peculiar share of it, and himself only the ruined dty of TitKna&i-etTaKt in the tribe of Kpbnum, which he was obliged to rebuild. See chap. xix. 49, 60.andseehis Jiarmcter at the end of the book.

other side Jordan, toward the rising oT die sun, * from the river Arnon ' unto mount Hermon, and all the plain on the east:

2 r Sihon king of the Amorites, who dwelt io Heshbon, and ruled from Aroer, which it upon the bank of the river Arnon, and from the tniddle of the river, and from half Gilead, even onto I he river Jabbok, which it the boixter f£ the children of Ammon;

3 And ■ from the plain to the sea of Chinneroth on the east, and unto the sea of the plain, even the Salt sea on the east, * the war to Bethjeshimoth: and from ^tbe south nnaer 'Aahdoth-pisgah -.^

4 Ana *the coast of king Bashan, •which vsaa of '' the remnant of the gianta, sthM dwelt at Ashtaroth and at Edrei,

5 And reigned in '■mount Harmon, t and in Salcah, and in all Bashan, ^unto the border of the Qesburites, and the Maachathites, and half Gilead, the border of Sihon king of Heshbon.

6 i Them did Moses the servant of the Lord and the children of Israel smite: and " Moses the servant of the Lobd gave it for a poeaesoon unto the Reubenites, and the Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh.

7 ^ And these are the kings of the coontry ■> which Joshua and the children of Israel smote on this side Jordan, on the west, from Baal-gad

being now conquered, which God designed the Isneliles should possess at thia time.

AccoKDiNo to the afXMtle, Hebr. iv. & Ac JoAna hnaself was a type of Chriet i lite promiaealand^ of tfaeKwdom qf heaven; the vietoriea whidi he gained, of £e vtetorjf and triumph of ChrisT; and the reat he psneuisi fbr Israel, of ibe stete ^ Neaeedneae at the rig|tt band of God. Jn (his li^t we rilould view the whole history,!■ order to derive those advantages from it, whi^ as a portion of the revelation of God, it was intended to convey. Those who finally reign with Christ, are they vbo, through his grace, conqxur the wortd, the devil, and the fi>r it IS only of those who thus overcome, thai he says, "Tbey shall sit with me on njy thron& as I has* overcome, and sat down with the Father, an the Father's throne." Rev. iii. 31. Rsader, art &me a ooDqasror.

Verse 1. From Ihe river Arnon unto momi Bemtami Arnon was the bounder of all the eouthern coast of thn land occupied by the Israelites beyond Jordan; and tba mountains of HermoD were the boundaiies on the mrih. Arnon takes its rise in the mountains of GtkisiL and bav* ing run a long way from north to soalli, fidls iuo An Dead sM, near the same place into vfaico Jofdan discharges itself.

And ail the plain on ihe eaat} All the land ftem A> plftitiB of Moab to mount Hermoo.

Verse 2. FVom Aroer] Aroer was situated on the wealem aide of the river Arnon, in the middle of the voll^, through whi<d> this river takes its coarse. The IHfisikM of Sihon extended from die rim Amoi^ and the cSy Aroer on the souM, to the river JaUxtk on the worth.

And from half GHead] "Rie mountains of Gileod extended m>m north to south, from mount Hermon wward die source of the river Arnon, which was about the muW oif the extent of the kiogdom of SUtoa; thus Sibon ia said to have possessed tbeAofT if Oilead, that ia, the balf of the mouniainii^ and of the country which bore the mm of Gilead, on the east of his territories.

River jabbok] Itlis river has its soaree io the oMntains of Gilead; and tunning from east to west, ftUh iM* Jordan. It bounds the territories of Sibon on dw oartli; and those of the Ammonites on the smth.

Verse 3. tea <if CkinnerM] Or, Oummm lA^ the same as the lake or sea of Tibcriaa.

flu SaU eea on the eaati ifKm st yam Aonulac^ vUc^ is here translated, the jShttMa,is anaentood by odm t» mean theteaiifdu city Mdae. Whsta can w« find any thins that can be caU^ a aaU sea oa the east of the Uea of Gennesarcihl 8«ftie think that flie lake Anholtile^ calledal8othei>ea(i<ea,«nio/'lAsi7sser^sMQr Sodtm^ and Salt eat, is beta inlendao.

fa valley of L^mnon, eveo onto the mount Halaic, that goeth up to 'Seir: which Joihua p^ve unto the tribes of Israel, >Sir a poaseemoTt, according to their divisioQs;

8 iId the mountaine, and in the valleye, and in the plains, and in the sprine:B, and in the wilderness, and in the south country; ' the Hittitea, the Amoritee, and the Canaanitea, the Periszttes, the Hivitea, and the Jebusitee;

10 " The king of Jerusalem, one; the lung of Hebron, one;

13 ■ The kit^ of Debir, onej the king of Geder, one;

14 The long of Hormah, one; the king of Arad, one;

Tene 4, Coast qf Og fti«g ef BauAan] Coneeniing this pmoD) Me the notes on Deut. iii. II. aiid oa Numb. xzL ^ &c

VefM 5. 7^ border At Oeafturitefl Hw eomitry of BadiBik in the days of Uomb and Joahua, extended from the nver Jabbok, on the aoutb, to the fronttet oT the Geaharilea and Haachatbitea, oa the oortb, to the loot of dks mouniaina of Hermon,

Verae 9. Tfu king qf JeriAo, Ac] On diis and the Mlowing waea, aee Um notea on chap. z. 1—3.

Yene 13. The king iff Oeder] Probably the aune with Otdor, chap. xv. 36, dbc. it was eituated in the tribe of Judab.

Terse R TJu king tif HormtA} Suppoaed to be the ■|rinoe where the laraelitea were debated og the Canaanttes. See Numb. xiv. 45. and which probably was called Honnal^ Ttom chormahy or det^mcnon, frun thia «ireumstanoe.

Terae 17. ToppuoA] Tltere were two places of thia naane^ one in the tribe of Judah, chap. xv. 34. aiid another ia the tribe of Efduaim on the bordera of ManBseeh; but which of Ae two is meant han, aumot be ascertained. 8aa the Bote on chap. xv. 63.

ffepfur] The sune, according to Calmet, as flbp&ra in the tribe of Benitunia, chap. zviU. 23.

Terae 18. AfoJt] There were several cities of this naaae i one in the tribe of Asher, chap. xiz. 30. another in the tribe of Judah, I Sam. iy. 1, alod xxzix. 1. and a thiid in Bnia, 1 JUnga xz. 26. and 2 Kinga xiii. 17. irtiiah of tfta two fermer ii hen intended, oanoot faeoseartamed.

£tatharon] There is no city of this name known. Some consider the V lanud in the word ynv^ la-tharmit to be the sign of the gmUiM case; and in this sense it ^ipears to nave been understood hr the Vulgate, which tiaaslatea Jtex Sanm, the ktn^ of Sharon, lliis was rather a disniot than a eky, and is celebrated in the Scriptorea for iu fertility, Isa. zxziii. 9. zxxv. 2. Some auppoae it was the same with Saron, near l^jfdda, mentiooad in Acts ix. 36.

Terse 21. Taanaeh) A aty in the half tribe of Hanaaaeh, in the wast of Jordan, not fti from the frontiers at Zebnioo, chap, xxvii. II. This shy was assigned to the Leriiea, eb^ zxi. 26.

Terae 22. Ktdeeh] There was a ci7 of this name in lha tribe of Naphtah, ofaaa. xiz. 37. It was giveo to the Lavila^ and was om of ihe eities of refuge, eh^ zx. 7.

18 The king of Aphek, one i diekingof^XdU'

21 The king of Taanaeh, one; the king of Megiddo, one;

22 -The king of Kedesfa, one; the king of Jokneam of Carmei, one:

23 The king of Dor, in the 'coaat of Oor, one; the king of < the nations of Oilgal, one;

24 The kmg of Tirzah. one: aU the kinge thirty and one.

very much land i to be possessed. 2 k This iff the land that yet reinaineih: i all

JoicTuan of Carmet\ TkoM citj is said to have been at die foot of mount Carmei, near the river Belua, in the tribe of Zebultm, chap. zix. 11. It was gtrcn 10 die Le-

Terse 23. Tht king of Dor\ The city of diia name fell to the lot of the children of Maaaaseh, chap. zvii. 11. Bochart observes that it was one of the oldest roral cities in Phcsnicia. The Canaanites held it, Judg. i. 27. Antiocbus Svdetes besieged it in alter times, but couJd Dot make himeeli master of it. See Bochart, C^uioan, lib. i. c 28, aikd Dodd.

The king Ae lUt^OM qf Qilga{\ This is supposed to mean the higher Galilee, aurnamed Galilee <^ lAe QetUilee, or naium*, aa the Hebrew word ona gouitn, means. On thisground it ahould be read king iff Utxti- Ueef Ou naiiont. Others aappoae it ia Ihe aune country with that of which Tltdof waa king, see Gen. xiv. 1. The place is very uncertain, and commentators have rendered It more so i>y their coniActure*.

Terae 24. King <if Tirxah] Hiia city appears to have been, for a long time, (he capital of the ktogdom of Israel, and the reeidence of its kin^ See 1 Kings ziv. 17. xv. 21, 33. Its situation cannot be exactly ascwtained ] but it is supposed to have been situ^ed on a moontaii^ about three leagues south of Samaria.

,AU Ike kinge Utirty and me] The Septuagint aay tumet t¥Me twenty-nine, and yet set down but twenty' eight, aa they eonfound or omit the kinga of Beih-elt LaihaTon, and SSddon.

So many kings in so small a teiritoiy, shows (hat their kincdoms must have been very small indeed. The kiiws of Bett-el and Ai, had but about 1^000 subjects in the wlu>le; but in ancient tiinaii all kian had very small territories. Every village or town had its chief; and this chief waa independeot of his nei^bourfc and exercised rcfoi power in his own districL In reading all ancient htatonee, as well as the Bible, due circumsiaoce must ba kept consiandy in view; for we ought to consider, that in those times, both king* and kingdome were but a fiunt roaemblance of those now.

Great Britain, in ancient times, was divided into nttoy kingdoms: in the time of the Saxotu, it was divided into •eeen, hence called the Saxon heptarAy. But when Julius Ussar Grst entered thia island, he {ounAJbur kings in Kent alone; Cingentorix, CurvUiua, Ta^maguhu, and Segonax. Hence we need not wonder at [he oumbers we read of in the land of Canaan. Aneient Gsul was thus divided: and the great number of eovereign princee, mcular biAope, lamfgratea, duku, &c. in Germany, are die modem remains of those anoient divisions.

NOTES ON CHAPTER XHL Terse 1. Joehua teas old] He ia generally reputed to have been at this time about a hundred years of age: he had spent about seven years in the oomjuest of the hutd, and is supposed to have employed about one year in dividing it, and he died abodt ten years after, aged one hundred and ten years. Ii is very likdy that he intended to aididne the Mok land, bofor* be made dw diviaion of it W5

3 " From Sihor, which ig before Egypt, even unto the bordern of Ekron northward, ■which is Munted to the Canaanite: ■> five kirds of the Philistines; the Gazathitea, and the Ashdothites, the Eshkalonites, the GitUtes, and the Ekronitee; also PthcAvites:

4 From the south, all the land of the Canaaniles, and Mearah that iM beekle the Sidonians, ' unto A[^ek, to the borders of * the Amorites:

5 And the land of « the Gibtitesjand all Lebanon, toward the sunrising, from " Baal-^ad onto mount Hermon, unto the entering into Haraath.

6 Alt the inhabitants of the hill country, from Lebanon unto ' Misrephoth-maim, and all the Sidontane, thera "will I drive out from before the children of Israel: only ■ divide thou it by

among the tribes; but Gkid did not Jhink proper to llave this done. So unfiiithfiil were the ImelilM^ that he appwn 10 have mrpOMd that soiim o( the ancient iidiabitanto dkouU Kill remain, to keep ibcn in ebocft i and that &a re^peetife tribes Aoold have eoue labour, to drive out from their Plotted borden the remaina of die CaaMWttA aationa.

TluTt remaituOt, yet very mudi land to be potttsaed.] That im, very much When compared with that on the other aide Jordan, which was all thai eotdd as yet be said to be in (he hands of the Israelites.

Terse 2. 7%« border* of Os PUKsKnw, and all Oesfturt] Tlie borders of the Philistinea, may mean the land which they poaseued t« the sea coast, southwest of the laad of Canaan. There were several places named Oe- Auri, but that ipoken of here was probably the region on the south of Canaan, toward Arabia, or toward Egypt. CaltneL Celloriua supposes it to have been a coimtiy in the vicinity of dte Anwlekites.

Terse 3. From Sihor, uAieft is before E^ypf] Supposed by soma to be the Peluaiac branch of the Nile, near to the Arabian desert: called also the river qf Egypt, Numb, xxxiv. 6. Jer. ii. 18. On this subject an intelligent friend favours me with the foUowiru; opinion:

" The river Sihor is supposed by some to be the Nile, «r a branch of it ' Others think it die same as what is frequently called Uw river of Egypt, which lay before, or toward the borders of E<gypi; which arose out of die mountains of Poran, and ran westward, fatline into that bay of the Mediterranean which lies south of the land of (be Philisdnes. This river is oflen mentioned as the boundary of die Israelites to ihe southwest, as Euphrates, the great river, was on the nordieaat.

" There was a desert, or considerable distance between what is called the river (if iEgypt, and the iathmoa of Suez. Solomon reigned to the ooroers of Egypt; i. e. to this desert; but not in Egypt, nor lo die river nile,

" Upon the whole, (thoug4i there are difficulties in the matter) I incline to think mat die river in question was Dot the Nile, Sihor (btaek) might, t^m some circumstances, be applied to aoodier river as well as the Nile: dKMgh some places in Isaidi and Jeremiafa seem to re- ■trict it to the Nile." J. C.

Ekron northAeard\ Ekron was one of die five lordriiips of the Philistines, and the most northern of all the districts they possessed. Baat-zebub, its idol, is famous in Soripture, see 2 Kines i. 2, dtc. tmfive lordships of Ibe niuistines, were Oaxa, AAdod, Aekalon, Chitk, and Ekron, There is no proof that ever the Israelites possessed Slkroni thotigh, from chap. rvi. U. some think it was orighially given m Judak, but the text does not smr m; it only states that the border at dw tribe of Judai^ ipent out WTO thb sros qf Ekron. Prom chap. xix. 43. we Isam dial it waa a part of the lot of Dan, but it does not appear to have been possessed by any of diose tribes.

CouTtted to the Canamite] It is generally allowed, dmt the orifinal possessors of this country were the deseendanta of Canaan, the youngest eon ot Ham. The Philistines sprung fW>m JUieraim the seooncl eon of Han, and haviiig dispossessed the Avim ttma the places th^ held in this land, dwelt in their stead. See Gren. x. 13, 14,

Five lordM^ the PhUietinee] IRiese dynastica are tkmeus in the Seripbirea for their suocenful wan against die Israelites, of whom diey were almost the perpetoal aeourge.

7 Now therefore divide tlib land for an in* heritance unto the nine trtt>efl,and the halftrSie of Manasfieh,

8 With whom the Reubenites and the Gaditet have received their inheritance, ' which Moan gave them, beyond Jordan eastward, even as Moses the servant of the Loan gave them:

9 From Aroer, that i* upon the bank of the river Arnon, and the city Umt U io the midst of the river, ■ and all the plain of Medeba unto DiboD;

10 And 'ell the citieB of Sihon kioc of the Amorites, which reigned in Heahbon, unto the border of the children of Ammon;

the Hivitee. The Avites seem to have been a veiy iM«i». siderable tribe, wlio dwelt in some of the skiru of Pale*- tine. They md been originally deprived of tbeir oomatry the Ct^Morimi and though diey lived as a distiiMt people, they had never afterward amved to any ■luhori^.

Verse 4. TSe land qf the Caaaanilee] Tiua lay oa the south of the eoimtry of the Philistines, toward the sea coasL

Mearah] Supposed to be the city Maraiha, on the Hedltenaneao sea. Calmei. Or the river Majora, which ftUi into the Hediiei7«nean Ma, betwem.Siaoo and Berytaa See PuKT, But. Nat. Ub. v. c. 20.

To the bordere tff Ihe AmorUes] lluMj^ (he terai AmorUe, is sometimes used to designate the inhaUtanis in general, of the land of Canaan; yet it must be coosidered in a much more restricted setue in this place. As no Amorites ore known to have dwell ta this cpiarter, CahM supposes we should read Aramitee, or Syrians. Josbn^ says he, proceeds from Sidon » Avhek, a eity of Syri^ between Heliopolis and Bal^lon, wnere was the teiapls of the Tenus of Aphek; and which is spoken of in 1 Ktnga XX. 26. 2 King;s xiii. 1 a as the capita] of the kings of Syria. Prom diis, Joshua passes on to the bontwa of the Syrians, toward Oebat or Gabttla, whicli, accdcding to Ptolemy^ was situated in Phtmicia. This conjecturs of dalmet is not supported fay any aodiority, mow from the ancient Tersions, or MSS. Houbigami, however, approves of it; die emendation is simple, as it ca» silts in the interdiange of only two letters in dte mma word; '>0-»n ha-aramey, for "^"OKn ka-amorty.

Terse B. 7^ land ^ the &!bUte^ This peo|de dwek beyoiid tlie precincu of the land of Canaan, on the caai of Tyre and Sidon. See Ezek. xxvii. 9. PsaL Ixxin. B. their caphal was named CMaL Sfat Dodd.

Them will I drive out] Thai is, tf the Israeli eoatinued to be obedient; but they did not, and iherefcre ihaf never folly possessed the ^Bhole of that land, which, oa diis condition alone, God had promised diem: the £Msntons were never expelled the Isnelites; stid wen only bronq^t into a state of comparative sntijectian, in tbe days <^ David and Solomon.

Some have taken upon Utem to deny the HUtbeMisi^ «f Divine revelation, relative to this Irasinefls, " beeniMt' say they, "God is stated to have absolutely promised inc Jorfiua should conquer die whole land, and j^it the Earaeliies in possession of it" llis is a total mistaka. 1. Oad never abeoluidy, L e. uneonditionaUy, promised to fns them in possenton Of this land. Tbe promise of ihsir pOBsessing the whole, was suspended on ihear.^cleli^ ta Qod. They were not faithful, and (herefora Qod -Msaot bound by his promise to «?ive them any part of the lead after their first act of flsiional deffectioo from his war^^ 1. God never said that Joshua should conqoer dw wj»«lo land, and give it to diem; die promitt was — yy.'«i»> " Thou Aalt bring diem into tbe land, and thw 4*^ vide it among thera:" bodi of which he did, and |aows«4 them footing by his cofflhiests, anfficient to have mUai them to establish themselves in it for ever. 1 R ^a never said, Thou ^t eonousr it ad, and iban oirMs «■ no. Several of die »a»es, afUr disir <iua» «• them, were obliged to drive out die ancisot ii See 00 ehan. xi. 18... ^

13 All the kingdom of "Os ia Bashan, which reigned in Ashtaroth and in £!drei, who remained of ■ the remnant of the giants: ■* for these did Moses smite, and cast them out.

13 Nevertheless the children of Israel expelled * not the Geshurites nor the Maachathites: but the Gteshurites and the Maachathites dwell among the Israelites nntil this da/.

14 'Only unto the tribe of Levi he g'ave none inheritance; the sacrifices of the Lord God of Israel, made by fire, ore their inheritance, ■ as he said unto them.

15 IT And Moses gave unto the tribe of the children of Reuben inheritance according to their families.

16 And their coast was from Aroer, that is on the bank of the river Arnon, i and the city that is in the midst of the river, ^ and all the plain by Medeba;

17 Heshbon, and all the cities that are in the plain; Dibon, and i Bamoth-baal, and Bethbaalmeon,

19 " And Kirjathaim, and " Sibmsdi, and Zareth-shaiiar in the mount of the 'ralley,

21* And all the cities of the plain, and all the kingdom of Sihon, king of the Amoritee, which reigned in Heshbon, ' whom Moses smote ' with the princes of Midian, Evi. and Rekem, and Zur, and Hur, and Reoa, which were dukes of Sihon, dwelling in the country.

22 " Balaam also the son of Beor. the ' soothsayer, did the children of Israel slay with the •word among them that were slain by them.

S3 And the border of the children of Reuben was Jordan, and the border thereof. This vuw Che inheritaDGe of the children of Reuben tS-

«eft] The other half tribe of MonaMeh, with the twotribea of Reuben end Gad, had (rot their inheritance on the other aide of Jordan, in the lanl formerly belonging to Og king of Baahan, and Sihon kine of the Amorites.

Verse 17. Bamotk-baal] The hi^ plaeea of Baid, probably ao called from altars erected on nillii^ for the impure worship of ibis Canaanitish Priapua.

Vefte 13. Jahasa] A city near Bledeba and Dibon. It WMgiven to the Leviies, 1 ChioD. vi. 78.

KedemoUt] Mentioned DeuL ii. 26. supposed to have been situated beyond the river Arnon.

Mephaalh] Sititated on the frontiers of Moaib, on tlie Msiern pari of the desert. It wiu given to the Levites, chap. xxi. 37.

VerselS. Kirlatkaim] TioM city, according to pusebius, WBJi nine miles aistant from Medeba, toward the east. It puaed from the Emim to tlie Hoabites; from the Hoabites to tho Amorites j and from the Amorites to the Israelites, Gen. xiv. 5. Deut. ii. 20. Cslmet supposes the Reubenitea poasessed it till the time they were carried away by the Assyrians; and then die Monbitea appear to have taken poMcsaion of it anew, as he eollecu from Jer. xlvili. and Ezek. zxv.

Zaretb-ahahar, in the mouni of the mUiejA This probably means a town situated on or near to a hill, in Mme flat eotmtrj.

Verso 20. Betk-peor] The hoiue or temple qf Peor, situated at the foot of a mooDtoin of the nme name.— See IVumb. XXV. 3.

Verse21. Uuprinea of Mtdtan} See the history of Ala war. Numb. xxxi. 1, &c and from that place, diis and the foUou'ing verse seem to be borrowed; for the introduction of the death of Balaam here, seems quite irrelevatit.

Verse 23. The Htia and the viUaget\ By villager, Cfvn diaiterim, it is likely that moveable viltages or Unit are meant; such as are in use among tlie Bedouin Arabs — places nrhere they ^ere aoeiiMomed to feed and pea their cattle.

ter their families, the cities and the villages thereof

24 U And Moses gave inheritance unto the tribe of Gad, even unto the children of Gad according to their families.

25 * And their coast was Jazer, and all the cities of Gilead, ■ and half the land of the children of AmmoD, unto Aroer that is before y Rabbah;

26 And from Heshbon unto Ramath-mizpeh, and Betonim; and from Mahannim unto the border of Dehir;

27 And in the valley, " Beth-aram, and Bethnirarah, 'and Succoth, and Zaphon, the rest of the kingdom of Sihon, king of Heshbon, Jordan and his border, even unto the edge *■ of the sea of Chinneroth, on the other side Jordan eastward.

28 This is the iiAeritance of the children of Gad after Uieir fkrailies, the cities, and their

29 IT And Moses gave inheritance unto the half tribe of Manasseh: and this was the possession of the half tribe of the children of Manasseh by their iamiliee.

30 And their coast was from Mahanaim, all Bashan, all the kingdom of Og, king of Bashan, and ^ all the towns of Jair, which are in Bashan, threescore cities.

31 And half Gilead, and ^Ashtaroth, and Edrei, cities of the kingdom of Og in Bashan,- were pertaining unto the children of Mnchir the son of Manasseh, even to the one half of the ' children of Machir by their families.

32 These are the countries which MoseA did distribute ibr inheritance in the plains of Moab, on the other eide Jordan, by Jericho, eastward.

33 ^ But unto the tribe of Levi, Moses gave not onjr inheritance, the Lord God of Israel wot their inheritance, r as he said unto them.

Verse 25. Half the land of Ou cAi/cfren Ammon] T^is probably was land whidi bad been taken from the Ammonites by Sihon, kin^ of the Amorites; and whidt the Israehtes possessed by right of conquest. For although the Israelites were forbidden to take the land of the Ammonites, Deut. ii. 37. yst this part, as having been united to the territories of Sihon, they might posseas, when diey defeated that king, and subdued his kingdom.

Mahanaiin^ Situated on the northern side of the brook Jabbok; celebrated for ihe vision of the two camps oS angels, which Jacob had (here: see Gen. zxxit 2.

Verse 27. Bclk-aram\ This city was rebuilt bv Herod, end called lAviaa: in honour oi lAvia, the wife of Avrgiutua. Joeephus calls it JUuu; Julia being the oiuna which the Orocka comrao&ly give to ZifWo.— Calmet.

SuceoiK\ A place between Jabbok and Jordan; where Jacob pitched his tents, from which circumstance it obtained Its name, see Uen. xxxiti. 17.

Verse 29. The half tribe qf ManasKh] When the tribes of Reuben and Gad requested to have their settlement on the east side of Jordan, it does not appear that any part of the tribe of Manasseh reciuested to be settled in the same place. But as this tribe was numerous kbA had much eatde, Moses thought proper to appoint one half of it to remain on the east of Jordan, and the other to go over and settle on the west side of that river.

Verse 30, The towna of Jair} 'Hieee were sixty cities^' they are mentioned afterward, and in 1 Chron. it. 21, d;c. Tliey are the same with the Havoth-jair, mentioned Numb. xxxii.41. Jair was the son of Segub, grandson of Esron or Hezron, and great grandson of Machir br his Kiaadmother's side, who married Hezron of the tribe of Judah. See his cenealoffy 1 Chron- ii. 21 — 24.

Verse 32. WhvA. Moau did diHribute] Moeea had settled every thing relative to these tribes before his dcftth, having appointed them to possess the territories of kins of Bashan, and Sihon, king of the Amorites.

For partieulani on ibia ^pter, the reader, if be judgs it of coiiMqneDee, may eotmli Cabnel.

A thcaoore (Ae coun/ric5 which I. Oljrinp. -ii. ihe children of Israel inherited in the land of Canaan, ^ which Eleazar ihe priest, and JoshuatheBonof Nun, and the heads of the fathers of the tribes of the children of Israel, dietributed for inheritance to them.

2 ' By lot waa their inheritance, as the Lord commanded by the hand of Moses, for the nine tribcB, imd for the half tribe.,

3 For Mosea had given the inheritance of two tribes and a half tribe on the other side Jordan; but unto the Levites he gave none inheritance among them.

4 For > the children of Joseph were two trtbes, Manaaseh and Ephraim: therefore they gave no part unto the Levitea in the land, save cities to dwell in, with their suburbs for their cattle tmd for their substance.

5 " As the Lord commanded Moses, so the children of Israel did, and they divided the land.

6 TI Then the children of Judah came unto Joshua in Gilgal: and Caleb the son of Jephun-

neh the ■ Kenezite, said unto him, Thou knowest <■ the thing Uiat the Lord said unto Moses, the man of God, concernuiff me and thee ' in Kadesh-

7 Fortv years old was I ic^hen Moses the servant of the Lord vsent me from Kadesh-barnem

to espy out tlie land; and I brought him word again as it was in mine heart.

8 Nevertheless ' my brethren that went np with me, made the heart of the pc^le indt: but I wholly * ToHowed the Lord my God.