Commentary on the Holy Bible

Verse 11, / will teath you hy ihe hand of God] Relying on Diuine assistance^ and not speaking ont of my ou*n hflad, or quoting what others have said, I will teach you what the mind of the Almighty is, and I wiU conceal nothing. Job felt that the good hand of his God was upon him^ and that therefore he should make no mistake in his doctrines. In tbts way the Chaldee miderstood the words, ^X n'2 bey ad El, by the hand of God^ which it dunslates HhSk nKdi3

1 3 * This is the portion of a

riclLcd man wiih God, and the hcritagie of ioppressoTi, which they shall leccivc of the |Alinighty,

14 * If his children be muUipHed, ii iji for file dword: and hm ofTspring shaU not he Scd with bread. •, ♦

shall be buried in death: and Ante i. oiymp, ^ his widows sliall not weep* Ajub u. c. cfy.

as the dust, and prepare raiment as the clay;

1 7 He may prepare it^ but "i the just shall put it OD, and the innocent shall divide iho silver*

IS He build elh his hoiise as a raolh, and 'as a booth that the keeper maketh* P Pm. Ixxviii. ^.*- n^iidl^ Elaha^ by the prophecy &f Ot^d. Tliose who jed *^e literal meanings, which conveys a very ^od e, may addpt the iranslation of Mr, Gmit which much to reeomtiien4 it: ** I will teach yon conleernmg tb« d^ahnst af Gad '*

Verae 13- TjA(j is the portion of a u*icfied man] I Job tiow commences his protnisod leaching; and what J £»I!aws 'b a description of the tot or par f ion of ihe ivirlietrf ffMA and of tyrants. And this rcmupc ration I ibaD they have with God in general, tliough th^ hand i livr man be not laid updn them. Thnngh he does not, \9l ifi 1une« show Ns ditpleasure ngninst the wicked, lly reJuiCiag them to a slate of poverty and aMiciion, I he o|\«Tt d4>e3 ii.so that men may see it; and at I #U)ef iunea he seems to pass them by, reserving their IJdJ^cnt im an^thtr tt^orld^ that men may not forget } that ihei« is a day of judgment and perdition for iliigodly ment uid a futute recompense for the

Verse i$. Those IhM remmn of him] V^-^W ^eriiimp^AisremainSi wheilier meaning himself personally » m him family.

Sh^ h httried in death\ Shall eome to utter and ftmeddess destructton. Death ahalf have his full cm-, fiut over them^ and the grmye its complete vutory. IThftw are no common dead. All the sHngf all tho lir«ntiiif, and afl tl^e poison of sin, remains: and so L tfideot ai« 6od*ii jgidgments in hia and their removal, I fitst even irt^fmyf'ihall not weep for them; the puhltc not bewail Ibem; for when the wicked perish |Mfff*f is Mh&uimg.

Mr. Good, Ibllowiiig tlie Ch^dee, translates: En-^ ' iemhfd in cormpiion^ or in the pestiletwe* But I see m Ei^^m W^ we should deaert the literal reading.

Enlomhtd in comtpli&n gi^cs po nervous sense in my judgment; for in corruption are the high and the low, the wicked and the good, entombed: but buried in death is at once nervous and ejcprcasive. Death itself is the plare where he shall lie; he shall have no re» dempiion, no resurrect jon to life; death shall ever have dominion over him. The expression is very similar to that in Luke xvi. 22, as found in several versions and MSS. t The rich man dted^ and u^&s burie'd in hetl; and^ ^^fiing ttp Au eyes, being in tor* mfinif he xmu, &e. See my note there.

Verae 1 6* Though he heop up silver^ Though ho amaas riches in the greatest abundance, he ihall not enjoy them. Unsanctified wealth is a curse to Its possessor. Money ^ of all earthly possessions, is the most dangerous, ns it is the readiest agent to do good or evil. He that pemerts it is clonhly cursed, because it affords him the most immediate means of sinful gratification; and be can sin more in an hour through this, than he can in a day or ^ week by any other kind o( property* On the other hand, they who use it aright have it in their power to do the most prompt and immediate good. Almost every kind of want may be speedily relieved by it. Hence, he who uses it aa he ought is doubly blessed; while he who abuses it is doubly cursed-

Verse 17* The just shall put it on] Money ts Go<J*a property, " The silver is mine, and the gold is mine, saith the Lord;'^ and though it may be abused for a time by unrighteous hands, God, in the course of his providence, brings it hack to its projier use; and ofVen the righteous possess the inheritance of the wicked.

Verse IB. He huUdeih hts house as a moth] With great skill, great pains, and great imlnstry; hut the structure, however skilful, shall be dissolved; and the materials, however costly, shall be brought to corruption- To its owner it shall be Only a temporary hahitatien, like that which the moth makes m ii^ tarve or caterptilar state, during its change from a ehrystUis to a winged insect.

As a booth that the keeper tnakeih^ A shed whit^h the xijatchman or keeper of a vineyard erects to cover hira from the scorching sun; while watching the ripening grapes, that they may he preserved from depredation. Travellers in the East have observed that such booths or sheds are made of the tightest and most wort-hless materials; and after the harvest or vintage is in, they are quite neglected, and by the winter tains, &e*, are sooa dissolved and destroyed.

Ante!, oiymp. dowD, but he shall not be gath- AntelT^Kcir. ercd: he openeth his eyes, and '^^' ' he is not. '..

20 "Terrors take hol(f on him as waters, a tempest stealeth him away in the night.

But he shdU not he gathered] NeitheF have a re* spectable burial among men, nor be gathered with the righteous io the kingidom of God. It n^y be that Job alludes here to an opinion relativiB to the state 'of certain persons af^r death, prevalent in. all nations in ancient times, viz., that those whose funeral rites had ^^Mt be^n diily perfonned, wander about as ghosts^ and find

And he is not.\ He is utterly lost and undone for ever. This seems to be the plai^* sense of the pas^ sage; and So all the versions appear to have understood it^ tat Reiske and some others, by making ^OK' yeaseph an Arabic word, signifying, not the idea of gathering, hut care^ anxiety, &c., have qpite altered this sense of the piasAge;.and Mr. Good, who copies them, tranislates thus: Ltet the rich man lie down, and care not. I see no manner of occasion to resort to this interpretation,^ which, in my judgment, gives a sense inferior to that given above, or to the following: The rich man shall lie down — go 16 hia restj fully persuaded that his property is in perfect jsafety; but he shall not be gathered, or he shall not gather — ^make any^ farther addition to his stores: he openeth his eyes t» the morning, when he is not — marauders in the night have stripped him of all his property, as in the case of Job himself; a case quite probable, and not

22 For God shall cast upon him, and not spare: * he would fifidn flee out of his hand, '

I prefer the first meaniog, as it is Qbtatned without crucifying the text. CoverddU translates: |B9^en t|f rfc^ mam tijietli, fte cartet) not^Cnflt to(t| JdCHi: |i in flone in tj^e tUrfncttUiijie td an en*

Yerse 20. ^Terrors take hold on him as- tpaUrsl They come upon him as an irresistible flood; and he is overwhebned as by a tempest in the night, when darkness partly hides hiadangidr, and deprives hiiQ of' discerning the way to escape.

Verse 2 1. The east wind carriM him away} Sacit as is. called by BCr. Good a let&nter^ thQ euroclyd^ the eastern storm of Acts xxvii. 14.

Verse 22. Gk»d shall cast upon him] -Qtf ir^iUier, the storm mentioned above ihaH incessantly pelt' hliiH and give him no respite; nor can he by any means escape from its fury.

Verse 23. Men shall clap their hands at htm] These two verses refer to the storm, which is to, i^weep away the ungodly; therefore the word God, in verse 22, and men in this verse, should be omitted* Verse 22: "JPor it shall fall.upon him, and not spare: flying from its power he shall continue to fly. VersQ 23. It shall clap its hands against him, and his9^ p*lt7'l "veyishrok, shriek, him out of his jJace.^ Hev9 the storm is personiQed, ^d the wicked actor is pissed and driven by it from ofi* the stage. It seems it was an ancient method to clap the hands against and hisM a man from any public ofllce, who bad acted improperly in it. The populace, in European countries, express their disapprobation of public characters whci infrequent in Arabia, when a hostile tribe makes a sud- have not pleased them in the dame manner 'to the pred£n incursion, and carries off' an immense booty. But ' sent day, by hisses, groans, and the like.

Job, in showing the vanity of human pursuits in reference to genuine wisdom, mentions mining for and refining geld and silver, 1; iron and other minerals, 2; the difficulties of mining, 3, 4; produce of grain' for bread from the earth, and stones of fire from under it, 5. He speaks of precious stones and gold dust,^"; of the instinct of fowls and wild beasts M' finding their way, 7', 8; and of the industry and successful attempts of men in mining and other operations, 9-1 1: but shows that with all their' industry, skiBf and perseverance, they cannot find out true wisdom, \2\ of which he gives the most exalted character, I3-8ft; and shows that G^d done, the fountain of wisdom, knows and can teach it, 23-27; and in what this true wisdom consists, 28. « ^ i c. ^: iS^ gURELY there is » a vein for late L 0^119. the silver, and a place for

3 He settetli an end to darkness, and tempcheth out all perfection: the * stones of

N0TE5 ON CHAP. XXVIH. * Verde 1. Surely there is ja vein for the silver] Hub eHftpter is the oldest wad finest piec^ of natural historf in the ir6M, and gives n* very importadt iBfonnMioD on seTeral carious 'sabjects; and could we ascertain the precise meaniDgof ^ the original words, ire augfatr most probably, find out allnnons to several BseAiI arts which tve are apt to think are of modem,.er comparatively modem, invention.

The word vcno motsa, whioh we here translate vein, signifies literally, a going out; 1. e., a mine, ot- place dug in the earth, whence the sflver ore is extracted. And this ore Ues generally in veins or loads, running in certain directiohs.

A jUaee for gold where they fine it.] This shonld ralher be translated, A place for gold which they refine. CroM ore has also its peculiar mine, and requires to be refined from earthy impurities.

Verse 2. tron is taken out of the earth] This Bost useful itietal is hidden under the earth, ap^ men have found out the method of separating it frpm its ore.

Braxs is molten out of the stonk.] As brass is a factitious^ metal, cop;?^ must be the meaning' of the Hebrew word nennj nechusah: literally, the stone is poured out for brass. If we retain the common translation, perhaps the process of making brass may be Uiat to which Job refers; for this metal is formed from eopper melted with the stone calamine; and thus the stone is poured out to make brass.

Verse 3. He setteth an end to darkness} Asf it is likely Job stiU refers to mining, the words above may be understood as pointing out the persevering indbstry of man in penetrating into the bowels, of the earth, in order to se^k for metals and precious stones.'* Even the stones that lay hidden in the bowels of the earth he has digged for and brodght to light, and has penetrated in directions in which the solar light could not be transmitted; so that he uppears to have Jo^one to the regions of the shadow of death. Mr. Good translates: ^* Man delveth into the region of darkness; and examineth, to the uttermost limit, the stones of darkness and death-shade."

Verse 4. The flood breaketh out from the inhabitant] This passage is very difficult. Some think it refers to mining; others to navigation. If it refer to the former, it may be intended to point out the waters that spring up when the miners have Slink down to a considerable depth, so that the mine is drowned, and they are obliged to give it up. Previously to the invention of the steam-engine this was generally the case: hence abeient mines may be reopened, and worked to great advantage, because we

4 The flood breaketh out from Ante the inhabitant; even the waters

fo^rgotten of the foot: they are dried up, they are gone a Way from men. 5- As far. the earth, out of it cometh bread:

have the xneAta -aow to take off the water which the anoidnt workers had not. When, therefore, floods break out in those shafts, they are abandoned; and thus they are,

Forgbtten of the foot] ' No man treads there any more. The' waters increase -iSl dallu,'ihey are elevated, Xhoy rise up to a' level with the spring, 07 till they meet with some fissure by which- they can escape;. and then IJ^J BH^KO meenosh nau, they are moved ft/*^ carried away firom men; the stream is lost in the bowels of the earth., > • "

' Mr. Peters thinks that Iboth thitf verse, and ver. 29 of chap, ix., refer tA -tuivigation« then in a state of infancy* for the sea is not so much as mentioned; but hfM nachal, a torrent or flood, some river or arm of the's6a perhaps of a few leagues over, whUMrdividing the sevend nations, must intermpt their hospitality and' commerce with each other, unlesi by the help of navigation. According to this opinion the verse jnay be translated and* paraphrased thus: The floodr^ji'^eTS and arms of the sc^^-separateth from the stranger, "M pJ.*D mHm gar, divides different nations and peo'ples:' they are forgotten of the foot — they cannot walk over these waters, they must embark in vessels; then they dwindle away,)hl dattu, from the size -of men, that is, in proportion to their departure »^ from the land they lessen on the sight; 1>»J ntm, they are tossed up and down, namely, by the action of the • waves. This receives some countenance from the psalmist's fine description, Psa.'cvii, 26, 27, of a ship in a rough sea: They mount up to heaven; they go down again to the depths: their soul is melted because. of trouble. They reel to and fro, IjDr yanuti^ (the same word as above,) they stagger like a dfUnken man. Mr. Good's translation is singular -.—

He breaketh up the veins from the matrice. Which, though thought nothing of under the foot, Are drawn forth, are brandished among mankind.

This learned man thinks that it applies solely to mining,' of which I eannot doubt; and therefore I adopt the first, interpretation*:^ but as to agreement among translators, it will be sought in vain.. I shall just add Coverdale: Wftl) t|ic rjber of toatrc partctft fie a suntrer tt)e stranna.e peopUr tliat ttnobetfi no gootr nefflliiiout^eatie; sue]) as are rmtie, unmannerls, antr

Vtrse 5. The earth, out of it cometh bread] Or the earth, riJDO mimmennah, from its^f, by its own vegetative power, it sends out bread, or the com of which bread is made.

And under it is turned up as it were fire.] It seems as if this referred to some combustible foesil,

AnSu. c.'cif. 6 The stone^ of it are the place ^^' of sapphires: and it hath • dust

7 Tkere is a path which no fowl knoweth, and which the rulture^s eye hath not see^v'

8 The lion's whelps have not trodden it, nor the fierce hon passpd by it, ' •

similai to our stone coal^ which was dug up. out of the earth in some places of Arabia. The Chdldee gives » translation, conifta^mable to a very ancient opinion, which supposed, the centre of the earth tq be a vast fire^ and the place called hell. ''*The earth from which food' proqceds, and under which is gehenna, whose cold show is converted into the likeness of,4re; and the^garden of Eden,. which is the place whose stones are sapphires," &c. The Vulgate has, " The land from which bread has been produced has' been destroyed by fire.-" If this be the meajaing of the original, there is probably an allusion to the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah; aud the seventh and eighth verses may be supposed to refer to that catastrophe, there being no place iefl tangible or visible where those cities once stood: neither finol nor beast could discern a path there, the whole land being covered with the lalie Asphaltites.

, Verse 6. The stones — the place of sapphires] "In the language of mineralogists, thQ gangue, matrix, or bed in which the sapphire is found. For a description of this stone, see on ver. 16.*.

Dust of ^old] Or rather, gold dust., Verse 7. There is a path which no fowl knoweth] The instinct of birdt is most surprising. They tra- ' verse vast-forests, &c., in. search of /ood, at a ^eat distance from the place which they have chosen for their general residence.; and return i^ all weathers,, never missing their track: they also find their own nest without ever mistaking another of the same kind for it. Birds of passage, also, after tarrying in a foreign clime for six or seven months, return^ to their original abode over kingdoms and oceaos, without missing their way, or deviating in the least from the proper - direction; not having s single object of sight to direct their peregrination^. In such cases even the keen 'scent of the vulture, and the quick, piercing sight of the eagle. Would be of ho use. It is possible that- Job may here' refer to. undiscovered mine^ and minerals; that netwitjistanding man had already discovered much, yet much remained undis^ covered, especially in the internal structure and contents of the earth. Since his time innumerable discoveries have been made; and yet how little.do we know! Our various conflicting and contradictory theories of the earth are iull proofs of our ignorance, and strong evidences of our folly.. The present dogr niatical systems of geology itself are almost the ne plus ultra of brain-sick visionaries, and system-mad mortals. They talk as confidently of the strupture of the globO) and the manner and time yi Which all was

9 He pjitteth forth his hand upon the ^ rock; he overtumeth the mountattil by the roots.

10 He cuttethbiit rivers: among the rocks; and his eye seeth every precious thing,

1 1 He bindeth the flaods ' from OTerflowing;. and the thing thatis I^d bringeth he. forth to light ' \.

(brmod, as if they h^ examined. |lTe|y paft from tkt centre to the ciroumferejice.; tlia|f|| not a soul- of man has ever penetrated two milfifr^jB perpendionlar depth into the bowels of the Qarth.

And with this scanty, defective knowledge, they' pretei\d to build systems of the universe,, and Uis* pheme the revelation of God! Poor 'souls! AU^ those things are to them a path which no fowl knawM$' which;the vulture's eye hath not seen^ on which the lion's whelps have not trodden^ and by which ths fierce lion hath not passed. The wisdom Docesaiufy. to such investigations is out of their wuch; and lliej have pot simplicity of heart to seek it where, it may be found.,

, One of the Chaldee Targums gives a;8traiige tun to this verse:— " The path of the tree of life Sammael, (Satan,) though flying like a bird, hath nol knowti; Qor hath thp eye of Eve beheld it. The ohildreei of men have not walked In it; nor hath the serpent turned towards it.'' ^

Verse 9. He pniteth forth his hand vpon the roch\ Still th^e S4)pears to be a reference to mining. Man puts his hand upon the rock, he breaks that to pieees, in order to extract the ipetals which it contains. -

He overtumeth the mountains] He.excatiOes, oi^- derminesi or digs them away, wken. in. search of thf^ metals contdned in them: this is not only poeticsUjri but literally, the case in many instanoes.

Vecse 10. He cutteth out rivers aA^ong the rocks] He cuts canals, adits, &c., in the rocks, and drireo le-vels under ground, ^ in order.to discover. ja<u2f or veins of ore*. These are oflen continued a great way under ground-; an^ may be poeticaUy compared to rivers, c^nnels,' or canals. " '

His eye seeth everi^ precious thing.] He ainkl those shafts^ and drives those levels, in order to dis^ cover where the precious minerals lie, of which he is in pursuit.

Verse U. He bindeth the floods] Prevento the risings of springs from drowning the mines; and conducts' rivers aiid streams from their woi^ed courtey la order to bring forth to light what was hidden under their beds. The binding or restraining the waUr^, which, at different depths, -annoys the miner, is botli difficult and expensive: in some cases it may ba drawn off by. pipes or (fanals into neighbouring watercourses; in others, it is conducted to one receptacls or reservoir, and thence drawn off. In I^prope it i» generaUy done by means of steam-engines. What method the ancients had in mining countries, we cannot tell; bnt, they dug deep in order to find oat tfeo

13 Man knoweth not the ^ price thereof; neither is it found in the- land of the liring.

jiehea of the earth. Ptuir says, nerVoqsly, Imus in friscera temt; et in sede manium cpes qutmmus.. *" We descend jnta the bowels of the earth; and seek ftr irealtfa erenii^lhs abodes of departed splits.'' — T^ mam^ or ^MMs of the dead, or spirits presiding ofver the dead, mile sapposed to have their habitation m the eentre of ihe earth; or in the deepest pits and cares. Otip, speaking of the degeneracy of men in the iron age. Met. lib. i., rer. 137; says: —

Npc tantom segetes alimentaque deblta dives PoeeebaAur humus; sed Hum est in viscera terra: Quaaqu^ rycandiderat, Stygiisque admoverat umhris,, Effodiuntur opes^ irritamenta malorum. Jamqoe nocens ferrumt ferroqne nocentius aurum Prodierat: prodit helium, quod pugnat utroque; Sasgnineaqne rnami crepitantia concutit'arma.

^ Nor' was the ground alone required to bj^ar • Her annnaf income to the drooked share: But greedy mortals, rummaging her store, DiggM from her entrails fiibtthe precious ore; And that alluring ill to sight displayed,, Which, next to hell, the prudent gods bad laid. Thus cursed steeU s^d more accursed gold, GaTQ mUehief birth, an<) made that mischief holds And double death did 'WTCtched man dnvade. By steel assaulted, and by gold betray'd.",

By binding the floods from overflowing, some have, Bopposed that there is an allusion to the flux and reflux of the sea. ' In \ia flowing it is so bound, has its hounds assigned bjr the Most High, that it does not drown (he adjacent country; and in its ebbing the parts which are ordinarily covered with the water are iroughi to view. = (.

Vetae IS. But where shall taisdofn be found 1] It is most evident that the terms wisdom and understanding are oted here in. a widely different sense from all those arts and sciences which' have their relation to man in his animal and social statov and f^om all that reason and intellect by which man is distinguished fnmi all other animals. Now as these terms noDH ckoehmah, visdom, and T\y2 binah, understanding or iiscemmenif are often applied in the sacred wrings in their common acceptations,' we must have recourse to what Job says of them, to know their meaning in this place. In ver. S8, he says, The fear of the Lord is wisooM, and to depart from, ebil is understanding. We know that the fear of the Lord is often taken fpr the whole of that religious 'reverence and holy sbediencje which God prescribes to man in his word, and which man owes to his Maker. Henoe the Septuagint render TTDOP chochmah, wisdom, by ^eoijefiia, Divine worship; and as to a departure from evil, thtft

16 ^ It. "cannot be gotten for gold, neither shall silver be weighed fur the price thereof. '

is necessarily implied in a religious life; but it is here properly distinguished, that no * man.might suppose that a right faith, and a proper peHWmance of the rites of religious worship, is the whole of religion. No. They must not only worship God in the letter, but also in 'the spirit; they must not only have the'/orm, but also the power of godliness.: and thia will lead them tor worship God in spirit and -truth, to walk in his testimonies, and abstain' from every appearance of evil; hence they will be truly happy: so that wis» dom is another word for happiness. Now these are things which man by study and searching could never find out; they are not <jff an earthly origin. The spinl of a manj.human understanding, may know the things of a man — those which concern him in his animal and social 'State: but the Spirit of God alone knows' the things of God; and therefore wi.sdom — all true religion^Hmust come by Divine re c^ elation, which is the mode of- its attainment. Wisdom finds out the things and understanding uses and applies the. ' means; kad then the great end is obtained..

Verse 13. Man knoweth not the price thereof] It is of infinite value; and is the only iscience which concerns botK wartds. Without it, the wisest oian is but a beast; with it, the simplest man is next to an. angel.

Neither is it, found in the land of the living.] The world by wisdom, its wisdom, never knew God. True religion came by Divine revelation: that alone gives the true notion of God, his attributes, ways, designs, judgr^ents, providences, &c., whence man came, what. is his duty, his nature, and his end. Literature, science, arts, &c., &c.,can only avail man for the present life; nor can they contribute to' his true happiness, unless tempered and directed by genuine religion. - ^.

Verse 1 4, The depth saith. It is not in me] Men may dig into the bowels of the earth i and there find gold, silver, and precious stones; but these will not give them true happiness.

The sea saith. It is not with me.] Men may explore foreign countries, and by. navigation connect as it were the most distant parts of the earth,* and multiply the comforts «nd luxuries of life; but every voyage and every enjoyment proclaim, True happiness is not here.. • '

Verse 15. It cannot be gotten for gold] Genuine, religion and true happiness are not to be acquired by earthly property. Solomon made gold and silver as plentiful as the stones in Jerusalem, and had all the delights df the sons of men, and yet he was not happy; yea, he had wisdom, was the wisest of m^n, but he hsid not the wisdom of which Job speaks here, and i therefore,- to him, all was vanity and vexation of spirit

• 1j6 It cannot te valued with the^^old of Ophir, with the precious onyx, or the sapphire. 17 The gpld and the crystal cannot equal, it: «nd the exchange of it

If Solomon, as some suppose,, was 4ho author of this book, the- sentiments expresseid here are such as we might expect ffom this deeply experienced and wise man.

Verse 16. The gold of Ophir] ^ Gold \Bfioe times mentioned in this^aqd verses 17 and. 19, ai\d foyir of the times in different words. I shall consider them.all at once* - *.•

I. *1UD sfcj96R, from *1JI0 sagar, to shut up* Gold in the mine, or shut up in the ore; native gold washed by the streams ouf of the mountains, &c.;. unyfrought gold.

Verse 16^ 2. DHD kbthem, frdm DD^ cat?iam, to sign or stamp: gold made current by being coined, or stamped with its weight or ^qlue; what we woi^d call standard or sterling gold.

Verse 17. 3. Oni-aAHAB, ftoip 271} zahah^ |o be clear, bright, or resplendent: the untamishing metat;^ the only metal that ahvays keeps its luatse. But probably here it means gold chased, ox that in which precious stones are set; burnished gold. *

4. Td PAZ, from T^ paz, \jo consolidate, joined here •wilh^S^ keley, vessels, ornaments, instruments, Ac.: hammerei or wrought gold; gold in the finest formsy and Host elegant utensils, - This metal is at oljce the brightest, n\ost solid, and most. preciouS) of all the metals yet discovered, of which we* hay e- no less than forty in our catalogues.. *,

In th^se verses there are ^also seven kinds of precious stones, &c., mentioned: onyx, sapphir^- crystql, €oral, pearls, rubies; and topaz. Tliese I shall also consider in the order of their oecurrehce. ^ ^

Verse 16. 1. OniS^ shoham, ihe onvx, from ouv^, a man^s nail,yhoof of a horse, beoanse)Xij:olour it resembles both..• This stone is a species of chalcedony; and consists of alternate layers of white and brown clialcedony,, under which it generally ranges. In the Vulgate it is caWed sardonyx, compounded of sard and onyx. Sard is also a variety of chalcedony, of. a deep reddish-brown colour, jof which, and'idteroate layers of milk-white chalcedony, the sardonyx consists. A most beautiful block of this mineral sardonyx, from Iceland, now lies before me.

3. *1*90 sappir,ihe sapphire stone, from *1SD saphar, to count; number; probably from the number of golden spots with which, it is said the sapphire 4}f the, ancients abounded. Flint says, Hist. Nat. lib. xxxvii., cap. 8: Sapphirus aureis punctis collucet: eceruleee et sapphiri, raraque cum purpura: optims apud Medos, nusquam tanien perlucidae. ^* The sapphire glitters with golden spots. * Sapphires are sometimes of an azure, never of a purple colour. Those of. Media are ^e best, but there are none transparent." This may mean the blood stones; but see below.

IS No mention ishall be made Anted. C. cir.. of ® coral, or of pearls: for the price of wisdom is above rubiesr. • feet corundum; it is in hardness inferior only to the • diamotid. It is of several colours, and fioih themit has obtained several iuane»l 1. The tranq>arent or translucent is called the white sapphire. ^ 2. The blue is. called the oriental sapphire, 3. The violet' blue, \h9 oriental amethyst. 4. ThQ yeilom^^ orient topax, 5. The green, the oriental emeroU. 6. ^Th^t with pearly reflections, the opalescent sapphire.,^ 7. Wheii transparent^, with a pale, reddish, or bluish feflection, it is called the girasol sapphire. 6* A variety which,. when polished, shows a silvery star of six rays in a direction' perpendicular to the axis, is called dsteria. WheA'the meaning of the Hebrew word* is collated with thQ description given by Pliny, it most be evident that a spotted opaque stone is meant, and contoquently not what is now known by the nwai& sapphire* I conjecture, therefore, that lapis lazuli, w^itfh is of a blue colour, with golden-like spots, formed by pyrites of iron, must be intended.. The lapis hmtii' ib.tiaX from which the b^autifTil aitad unfading colour cilied l^tramarine is obtained.

Verse ITl 3. r\'':S\2Visechuchith, crystal, ot glass f from- n37 zachah, to be pure, dear, tnmsparent. Crystal or crystal of quartz is a six-sided prism, -terminated by six-sided pyramids. It belongs to the 'Siliceous class of minerals: it is exc^ediogly cleaj nfid brilliant, in^much that this property of.it has becomd proverbial, as clear as Crystal. ■

Verse I^.. 4. nirsx") ramoth, coral, from OKI ratnrij to be exalted or elevatetl; probably from this remarkable property of coral, '* it always grows from the tops of marine jocky caverns with the head downwards.** Red coral is fpund in the Mediterranean, about the MeB of Majorca and Minorca, on the African coast, and ia the EUijopie ocean.... *

.6. KTOJ gabish, PEARLS, from BTa^ ga^ash, in Arabic, to be smooth, to. shave off the hair; and hence UT^i gabish, the pearl, the smooth round substance; and ^Iso haU or hailstones, because of their resemblance to pearls^ The^earl is the production of a shell-fish of the oyster kind, found chiefly in.the East Ipdies, aofd called perb^i;.but pearls are occasionally found intfae ^common oyster, as I have myself observed, and in, the muscle also.. They are of a brilliant sparkling.whitei perfectly round in general, and formed of coats in the manner of an onion. Oi^t of one oyster I once took jt^7>earls. 'When* larg^, fine, and without spots, they are valuable. * I have seen one that formed the whols body of a Hindoo idol, Cfeeshna, more than an inch in lengt*h^ and valued at 300 guineas.

Verse l6. 6. DTJS /^emmm, rubies, from riJdjMmiiA,. he turned, looked, beheld. The oriental ruby is bloodred, rose-red, oY with a tiqge of violet. It has oecftsionaUy a mixture s^Uue, and is generally in (he form of six-sided prisms. It is a species of the sapplwrCf

dom? and where is the place of understanding? 21 Seeing it is hid from the eyes of all living, and kC;pt close from the fowls of the ^ air. • 22 'Destruction and death say, We have

ud is soipetimes chatoyant in its appearance, i. e., has.a eorioos kind of reflectioD, similar to the caVs nyt: •■d as this is particularly striking, and \hanges as jOQ twm, tKe stone, hence probably the name p^ntani, which you derive from HJD panah, to turn, look^ behoM, d^e..

Bat sooie learned men are of opinion that the mtigmet or loadstone is meant, and it is thus- called becaosQ of Ifae remarkable property it has of turning morHk 'and south. And this notion is rendered the ane likely, because it agrees with another Word in this reae^ expressive of a different property of the ■agnet, vim., its attractive inflaence: for the Hebrew inndB p^yiOD nD3n ytn meshech chochmah mippemn- 1st, wtdeh we tender. The 'price of wisdom is above fukies, is literallyi. The attractioii of wisdom is Bejmd the peninim^ the loadstone; fur all the gold, sbrer, and' precious; stones, have strong influence on the human heart, attraeling ail its passions strongly; yet the attraction of wisdom — ^that which insures a dud's happiness in both worlds — ^is more powerful sitd' iaflAeotia], when understood, than all of these, and even -than the loadstone, for that can only attract iron; but, through desire of the other, a. man, having separated himself from all these eirthly entanglemeifts, seeieth and intermeddleth, with all wisdom. The attractive property of the loadstone must have Been observed from' its first discovery; and there is every leasoo Jto believe that the magnet and its virtues were kaown in the East long before they were discovered in Europe.

7. rnO^pitdah, the topaz! This word occurs only hi Exod. zxviii. 17; xxxix.lO; Ezek. xxviii. 13, and in the present place; in all of which, except that of Czekiel, where the Septuagtnt is all confusion, the Septuagint and Vulgate render the word always towa^topf topazius, the topaz. This stone is generally Ibaiid ia a prismatic form, sometimes limpid and nearly transpiirent, or of various shades of yellow, green, hlue^ Ulae, abd red,

I have thus* given the best aceount I can of the stonea here mentioned, allowing that they answer to the oainea by which we translate them. But on this point there ia great uncertainty, as I liave already had occaaion to observe in other parts of this work. Beasts, birdsf plants, metals, precious stones, unguents, dilTerent kindis of grain, &c., are certainly mentioned ia the sacred writings*, but whether we know what the diflTerent Hebrew terms signify, is more than we can eertainly afllrm. Qf some there is little room to doubt; of others conjecture most, in the present state of our knowledge, supply the place of certainty. See

23 God understandeth the way Ante^u. c* dr. thereof, ahd he knqWcth the place '^^' thereof.

24 For he Idoketh to the ends.of the* earth, and ■ seclh under the whole heaven-;

Philip's Elementary Introduction to Mineraloot; an apcurate work, which I feel pleasure in recoipmendiDg to all students m the science.

Verse 19. The topaz of Ethiopia] The Coon^ called Cush, which we calt Ethiopia, Is supposed to bd that which extends from the eastern coast of the Red Se^ and stretches towards Lower E*gypt.: Dio^ dorus Siculus^fiafh that' the topaz Vas fonnd in great abundance, as his description intimates, in an islatid in the Red* Sea called Ophiodes, or the isle of serpents.. Hist. lib. iii., p. 121. His aocount is curiods, but I greatly doubt its correctness; it seems too much in the form of a legend: yet the reader. may consult the

< the sam^ words as* hi verse 12, where see the note. ' •Verse 22. Destruction and death say. We have heard the fame ^hereof) n'\12^ \'\''^2H Abaddon vamaveth, the destroyer, and his offspring death. This lis the very name that is given to the devil in Creek letters AfiadSuv, Rev. ix. 11,' and is rendered by the

.Gfreek' word A^oAAvuv, Apotlyon, a word exaotly ef the same meaning.. No' wonder death and the dev^ are brought in here as saying they had heard the fame of wisdom, seeing ver. 28 defines it to he the fear of the Lord, and a departure from evil';' things point blank contrary to the interests of Satart, and the ex-

; tension of the empire of death. " Veree 23. God understandeth the way thereof] It can only be taught by a revelation ffom himself. Instead of pDH hebin, understandeth, six MSS. have j'^DTI hechin, disposed or established. This reading is i^so supported byHhe Septuagint; *0 Oeo^ ev avvearrjaev. avnjc bdby,'^* God hath Well established her way." falsely rendered bene cognovit, hath well knovm, in the Latin version of the Septuagint in the London Polyglot; but bene constituit, hath well estaSlished, in the Compluteniian, -Antwerp, and Paris Polyglots.

Verse 24. For he Idoketh to the ends of the earth] His knowledge is unlimited, and his power infinite.

Vers^ 25. To make the weight for the winds'] God has given an atmosphere to the earth, which, possessing a certain degree of gravity perfectly suited to the necessities of all animals, plants, vegetables, and fluids, is the cause in his hand of preserving animal and vegetative life through the creation; for hy -it the blood circulates in the veins of animals, and the juices in the tubes of vegetables. Without this pressure of the atmosphere, there could be no respiration; and the elasticity df.the particles of air included in animal and vegetable bodies, without 4his superincumbent pressure, would rupture the vessels in

2^ When he '^made a decree for the jain, and a way for the lightning' of the ikunder: ' 27 Then did he see it, and " declare it; he

which they are contained, and destroy both kinds of life. S^ exactly is this weight of the winds or atmO' jj|iAerur- air- proportioned.to the necessities of the] Jl^alM, that we find it in)he mean neither too light to prevent Aie undue expansion of^ animal aind vegetable tubesj nor too heavy \o compress them.so as to prev^t due circulation. See at the -^nd of the chapter.

And he weigheth the Scoters by-measure.] He has exactly proportioned the aquedUs surface of the earih to the terrene parts, so that there shall be an adequate surface to produce, l>y evaporation, mtiisture su^oient to be treasured up in the atmosphere for the' irrigation of the (0arth« so thaJt it may produce grass for cattle,. and dpm for. the service of man. It has been found, by a pretty exact calculation, that the aqueous surface of the gklbb is to the terrene parts as three to one; or, that three-fourths of the surface of the globe is water, and about one-fourth earth. - Apd other experiments on evapotation, or the quantity of vapours which arise from a given space in* a given time, show that it requures such a proportion of aqueous surface to aftbrd moisture sufficient for the other proportion of dry land.. Thus G6d, has given the waters by m'easurOf as he has given the due propolrtion of weight to.,tte winds.

Verse 26. When he made a decree for the rqin[ When he determiped how that should be generated; viz.. By the heat of the sun evaporations produced: the particles of vapout being lighter than the air on the surface, ascend into the atmosphere, till they come to a region where thib air is of.their own defisity; there they are formed • into thin clouds, ' and become snspended. When, by the sudden passages of lightning, or by u;i>u2« strongly agilflting these cbuds, the particles $ire driven together and condensed^ so as to be weightier than the tttr in which they float, then they fall do^n in the form of rain; the djrops being greater or less,.according to the fprce or momentum, or suddenness, of the agitation by which they are driven together, as well as to the degree of rarity in the lower regions of the atmosphere through which they fall.

.^ A way for the lightning of the thunder] T'lnS pil ivhyp vederech iaehqziz. koloth. hxh^^kol signifies voice of any kind; 21A koloth is the plural, aiid is tak^n for |he frequent claps or rattHngs of thunder, in chaz signifies to notch^ indentate, or serrate, as in the edges of the leaves of trees; T^rn cfiaziz must refer to the zigzag form which lightning assumjBS in passing from one oloiid into another. We are informed that ^* this is a frequent occurrence in hot countries*'* Undoubtedly it is; for it is fre(^uent in cold countries also. I have seen this phenomenon in England in the most distinct manner for hours together, with, a few seconds 4 128

28 And unto man he said, Behold, "^ the fear of the Lord, that is ^wisdom: and to depart from evil understanding;..,

of interval between ' each flash. Nothing can better express this appearance thad the original word. / ' ^

' Yerse 27: Then did he see it, and declare it] Wlien he had finished all his creative operations, and tried and proved his work, nipn chakarah, investigated and found it to be very good; then he gavjo the needful revelation to. man; for, / -

. Verse 28. Unto man lie said] W^vh laadam, unto man, he said: This probably refers to the revelation of hiB.will which God gave to Adam after his faD. He had hefore sought for wisdom in ^forbidden tray. When he and Eve saw that tjie tree was pleas^t* to the eyeBf'and a tree to.be desired to make one wise^ they took and did eat, Gen: iii. &-. Thus tkey lost att the wisdom that they had, by not setting the fear ^ the Lord before their eyes; andbecame/oo/uA, wicked^ a^d miserable. Hearj fheri, what God prescribes as a proper remedy for; this dire disease: The fear df the Lord, that is wisdom; it is thy only wisdom now. to set God always before thy eyes, that thou mayjest boI again- transgress.

Depart from evil is un^er standing. '\ Depart itom the evil tot/Atn thee, and the evil without the«; for thy own evi^, and the evil that is now, through tho^, bronght into thjB world, will conspire together to sink thee iAto ruin and destruction. Therefore, let it be thy constant employment to shun and. avoid thatvevil which is everywhere difiused through the -whole nioral world by thy offence; and labour to be rtcot^ ciled to him by righteousness and true holiness,- that thou mayest escape the bitter pains of an.etiernaLdealh. See the note on Terse 12.

FnoATwhat has been observed on verses. 25, 26, and fro|ti the doctrine of the atmosphere in geaead, I can sa(ely draw the follpwing conclusions:— "■

1. From the gravity and elasticity of the air, we learn that it closely invests the earth, and< all bodies upon.it, and Jbinds them down with a force equal to 2160 pounds 00 every square foot..Hence it may properly be termed the belt or girdie of the globe..

2. It prevents the arterial system* of animals and plants from being too much distended Jiy the; iqapetps of the circulating juices, or by the elastic power of the air' so plenteously contained in the blood, and in the diflforent vessels bo^ of plants and animals.

.3. By its gravity it preveqts- the biood and juicee from oozing through •the pores of the ves^b in whioh they are contained; which, were it not for this ciromnstance, would infallibly take place. PersoiliB who ascend high mountains, through want of a suflicieooy of pressure in th^ atmosphere, become relaxed, and spit blood. Animals, under an exhausted receiTer« swell, vomit, and discharge their fasces. ^ c

4. It promotes the mixture •f contignoiu Holds; for when the air is extracted from certain mixtores, a separation takes place, by which their properties, when in combination, are essentially changed.

5. To this principle we owe winds, in ^neral, so essential.to navigation, and so necessary to the parifi* cstioa of the atmosphere. The air is put into motion by any alteration of itseqoiiibriam.

6. Vegetation depends' entirely on the gravity sfid dasticity of the air. Various experiments amply prore that plants in vacuo nexrer grow.

7. Without air there conld. be no evaporation from Ike sea and rivers; an^, conseqdentlyj no rain; nor eoold the clouds be suspended, sp necessary to acea^" rnolate and preserve, and afterwards' to distil, these ▼apooTBy in the form of dew, rain, snow, and hail, upon the earth.

8. Without air, all the charms of vocal and instrumental sounds would become extinct; and even hMgnage itself would cease.

9..Without it heat could* not be evolved^ nor eonld tn exist; hence a universial rigour would invest the whole compass of created datore.

10. Without air, animal life could never have had a being; hence God created the firmament or atmoipbere before any animal was produced. And without its eontiooal. influence animal life cannot be preserved; kft it wonld require only a few moments of a total privation of the benefits of the atmosphere to destroy every living creature under the whole heaven.

11. It has. been found, by repeated experiments^ that a column or rod of qukksUverr about ttcenty-nine imches mU a half high, and one inch in diameteri weighs aboat fifteen pouhds; Jtnd such a column is soqiended in an exhausted tube by the weight of the atmosphere; hence it necessarily fdlows, that a cplumn of air^ one square inch in diameter, and as high as the atmosphere, weighs Bbout fifteen pounds at a medium. Thus it is evident, that the atmosphere presses with the weight of fifteen pounds on every square inch; and, as a square foot contains one hundred and forty - four square inches, every such foot must sustain a weight of incumbent atmospheric air equ4 to two thousand one hundred and sixty pounds, as.has been before stated. And from this it ^vill fyllow, that a middle-sited man, whose surface is about fifteen square feet, constantly sustains a load of air equal to thirtytwo thousand four hundred pounds! But this is so completely counterbalanced by the air pressing equally in etU directions, and by the elasticity ^f the air inebided in the various cavities of the body, thajt no person in a pore' and healthy state of the atmosphere feels any inconvenience from it; so accurately has God fitted the ic^ight to the winds.

It has. been suggested that my computation of 15 square feet for the surface of a middle-sized man,^ is too much; I will, therefore, take it at 14 square feet. From this computation, which is within the measure, it is evident that every such person sustains a weight of air equal, at a medium, to about 30,340 Ihs. troy, or 94,882^/^5. avoirdupois, which m^kel, 111 stone, ilbs. equal to eleven tons, two HV)fDRED and eighteen pounds and a half ful, yet from the simple fact which I have completely demonstrated myself by expeviment, that the..^Cmosphere presses with the weight tff fiftein. pounds on every sguare ihch, we can tell the quantum of pressure on the whole globe, and weigh the whole atmosphere to a pbun(i!

The polar and equatorial cuvnmference of the earth is Well known. Without, therefore, entering too mnch into detail, I may state that the surface of the terraqueous globe is known to contain abont^ve thou^ sand, five hundred, and severity-five Millions of squari rEBT; henc^, allowing fifteen pounds to each square inch, and two thousand one hundred and' sixty pounds to each square foot i the whole surface mnei; sustain A pressure from th^ atmosphere equal to twilve trillions and forty^two thousand billions of pounds! or six thousand and twenty-one billions of tons! And this weight is- th^ weight 'of the whole atmosphere frCm its contact with every part of th^ earth's surface to Its utmost highest extent!

£xperimeut8 also prove that the air presses equally in <dl directions, whether upwards, downwards, or laterally^ hence the earth is not incommoded with this, enormous weight, because its zenith and nadin north and south pressure, being perfectly equal, counterbalance each other! This is also the. case with respect to the human body, and to all bodies on the earth's sttrfaee.

To make the foregoing calculations more satisfactory, it may be necessary to add the following observations:-—

A bulk of atmospheric >lr, equal to one quart, when taken near the level of the sea, at a temperature oC 60° Fahrenheit, weighs about 16 grains, and the same bulk of rain water, taken at the same tempera^ ture, weighs about 1 4,62 1 grains:. hence rain water is about 914 times specifically heavier than air.

I have already shown that the pressure of the atmosphere is equal to about 1 5 lbs. troy on-evej>y square inch; and that this pressure is the same in all directions; and thence shown that on this datum the whole weight of the atmosphere may be computed. I shall re-state this from a computation of the earth's surface in square miles, which is recommended -to me as peculiarly accurate. A square mile contains 27,878,400 square feet. The earth's surface, in round numbers, is 200,000,000, or two hundred millions, of square miles. Now, as from the preceding.data it appears that there is a pressure of 19,440 lbs. troy on every square yard, the pressure or weight of the whole atmosphere, circumifused round the whole surface of the earth, amounts to 12,043,468,800,000,000,000, or, twelve tvlillioj^s, forty-three thousand four hun^ dred and sixty-eight billions, eight hundred thousand MILLIONS of pounds.

Though we cannot tell to what height the atmosphere extends, the air growing more and more rare as we ascend in it; yet we can ascertain, as above, the quantum of weight in the whole of this atmoifphere, which the terraqueous globe sustains equally difiused over its surface, as well as over the surfaces of sU bodies existing on it. At first view, however, it is difiicult for minds not exercised in matters of philosophy to conceive how such an immense oressure can 129 **• be borne by animal beings. Though this has been alreadjt explained, let the reader farther consider that, ns fishes arq snrroiind^ by watery and lite and move in it, which is a much denser medium than our atmo> sphere'; so all human beings and all other animals are surrounded by air, wai live", and move in it. A fish taken out- of the UfaierwiU die in a very short time: a human being, or any other animal, taken out of the. air, or put in a place whence the -air is extracted, wiAl die in "a much shorter time. Water ' gravitates toward8.thec«n/rc<Jf the earth, and so doeaatr. Hence, as 2k fish is pressed on every side by that fluid, so are all animals o)t the earth^s surface by atmospherip air. And the pressure In both cases, on a given surface, is as has been stated above; the air contained in the vessels and cells of animal bodies being a sufficient counterpoise to the aix without.

Having said thus much on the pressure of the atmosphere, as intiraatod. by Job, the reader Y/'^^\ pcYrait me to make the following general reflections on the subject, of which he may make what use he may judge best.

It. is generally sqgnoaed that former times were full: of barbaric ignorance; and that the system of philosophy which 'is at present in repute, and is established by experiments, is quite a modem discovery. Bat nothing can be^ more false than this; as the Bible plainly- discovers to an attentive feader that the doctrine of statics, the cireulation of the blood, the rotwi^ dity of the earth, the motions of the celestial bodies, the process o^ generation, i&c.^ were all known long^ before Pythagoras, Archimedes, Copernicus, or iVeio-, ton were bom;

It is very reasonable to suppose that God implanted the first principles of every.science in the mind of lus first creature; that Adam taught them.to his posterity,' and that tradition continued them for many generations with thieir proper improvements. But nojmy of them were lost in consequenoe of wars, captivities, 6iQ, Latter ages have re-discover0d many of them, principally by the <lirect or indirect- aid of the Holy Scriptures; and others of them continue hidden, notwithstanding the accuiUte and persevering researches o'f the moderns^

Job laments his present condition, and gives an affecting account ofhisformxr prosperity, hd^ing property tH ttbundance, being surrounded by a numerims family, and enjoying every mark of the approbation of Godi 1-6. Breaks of the respect he had from the'young, 1', 8; arid from Jhe nobles, 9, 10. Details his c&n^ ttuct as a magistrate and Judge in supportif^g the poor^ and repressing the wicked, 11-17; his confidentey general prosperity, and. rpspecti 19-^25,

]y[OREOVl!R Job • continued his parable> and said, 2 O that I Were ^as m months past, as in the days when God

Verse 3. O that I were as in months past] Job seems here to fa&Ye an apology for his complaints, by taking a view of his*^ former prosperity, which was very great, but was now entirely at an ^nd. He shows Uiat it was not removed because of any bad^ise he had made of it; and describes how he behaved himself before God and man, and how much, for justice, bene- Toleqce, and mercy, he was esteemed and honojifed by the wis^ and good.

Verse 5. When his handle shined -upon my head\ Alluding most probably to the custom of pluminating festival or assembly-rooms by lamps pendant from the ceiling. These shone literally on, the heads of the guests.

By 'his light I walked through darkness] His tight * — ^prosperity and peace— continued to illuminate my > way. If adversity came, I had always the light of God to direct me. Almost all the nations of the world have represented their 'great men as having a nimbus or Divine glory about their heads, w)iioh not only sig- 0^ 130

4 As I was in the days of my youth, wJieii

nified the honour they had, but was also an emblem of the inspiration of the Almighty.

Verse 4. The days of my -youth] The original word rather means iA^ the days of my winter, ^fllh charpi, from ^^r\ charaph, "4o strip or make bare." Mr^. Parmer supposes the rainy season is intended, when the fields, &ci, parched up by long drought, aard revived by tJle plentifid showers. Mr. Good tkinka the word as found in the Arabic, which mdans top or summit, and whh;h he translates perfectioni is. that which should be preferred. Others think the dutumnal state is meant, when he was loaded with prosjperityf as the trees are with ripe fruit.

The secret of God was upon my tahemacte] ' llb3 mS« besod £loah, ^^ihe secret assembly of God," meaning probably the same thing that is spoken orin the beginning of this book, the sons of God, the devoUt people,' presenting themselves, before Gdd. It is not unlikely that such a secret assembly of God Job had in his own house; where he tells us, in the next verse, " The Almighty was with him, and his children were about him."

6. 'When ^ I washed my steps with butter, and ' the rock poured ^ me out rivers of oil;

7 When I went out to the gate through the city, wlien I prepared my seat in the street!

8 The young men saw, me, and hid themselyes: and the aged arose> and stood up.

9 The princes refrained talkin^^, and * laid iheir faanH on their mouth.

10 '^ The jBi^bles held their peace,' smd tHeir ^tongue cldaved to the roof of their mouth.

1 1 When the ear heard me, then it blessed me; and when the eye saw me, itgavewitness to me:

fiedrhy teM over me; supposing that the Hebrew niD S9dii the Arabic ^jm sud, " a barrier or fortification." Either wiU make a good sense.

Verse 7. When I wint out to the gate] Courts of juAiee were held at the gates or entirances of the cities of the East; and Job, lining an <emir, was supreme magistrate: and here he speakd of his going to the gate to administer justice.

I prepared my seat in the strtet] I adminiMereJ judgni^nt openly, in the most public manner; apd nqn^ eotild say that I, in any case, perverted joj^tice. Mr. Good translates: — " As I went forth the city rejoiced at me, as I took my seat abroad.'*

Verae 8. The young men saw me, and hid themsdves] From all classes of persons I had the most marked respect. The youno, through raodedty and baahfolness, shrunk back, and were afraid to meet the eye of their prince; and the AGtD rose from their seals wlioQ I entered the place of judgment. ^These wtere tlie eldets of the people, who also sat with the judge, mod aanstod in all legsU cases.

Verse 9. The princBi tefiained tciking] They nerer >entiired an opinidn in opposition to mine; so foOy were they persuaded of the justice and iifiegrity of my '(decision;

Verse 10. T?te nobles held their peace]- Piiiirccs. insf sarim, and nobles, DnU3 negidim, must have been two different classes of the great men of Idumea. IB? sar, PRINCE, director, or ruler, was probably the head of a townshipt or what we would call a magis- ■ irate of a particular district. *1UJ nagid, a noble, or one of those who had the privilege of standing before, or in the presence of, the chief ruler.. The partipiple 112 neged is frequently use^ to signify before, in the presence of, publicly, openly^ And on this account, it is most likely that the noun means one of those nobles or counsellors who were always admitted to the

IB The blessing of)nm that was ready to perish came upon me: and I caused the widow's heart to sing for joy; -.

14 ^I put on righteousnessi ai^d it clothed, me: my judgiifent was as a robe and a diadem;

.1 6 I was a father to the poor: and p the

cau^e which I knew hot I searched out. 17 -And rbralce •> the ^ jaws of the vvicked,

I shall multiply my days as the sand..

royal presence. Mr. tiood thinks that renowned speaks ers ' or eminent orators are meant: and others ha^e embr^ed tKe same opinion. «Job here, intimates that h'la judgment wad so sound, his decisions so accredit' ed, and his reasoning power so great, that every person paid him the utmost deference.

Verse 1 1. When the ear heard me] This and the six foilowipg verses preseni us with a fine exhibition of a man full of benevoletice and charity, acting up to the highest dictates of those principles, and rendering the miserable of all descriptions happy, by the constant exercise tff his unconfined philantluropy.

Verse 13.* Because I delivered the poor that cried\ This appears to be intended as a refutation of the charges produced by Elipftaz, chap. xxii. 5— 10, to confute which Job appeab Xo facts, and Xo public testimony.

Verse 15. I was eyes to the blind, and feet y/kb t to the lame.] Alluding probabiy to the difficulty of travelling in the Arabian deserts. / was eyes to ike klind — those who did not know the way, I furhkhed with guides, x / was feet to the lame — those who were! worn out, and incapable of walking, 1 set fisrward on my camels, &c.

Verse 1 6. The cause which / knew not I searched out.] When any thing difficult occurred, I did nqt give it a slight consideration; I examined it to the bot^ tom; whatever pain, time, and trouble it cost me, that I might not pronounce a hasty judgment.

Verse 17. 7 brake the jaws of the wicked] A metaphor taken from hunting. A bea^t of prey had en* tered into the fold, and carried off a sheep. The hunts- '•.H man comes, assails the wicked beast, breaks his jaw'sy and delivers the spoil out of his teeth. See the case 1 Sam. xvii. 34-37.

Verse 18. 7 shall die in my nest] As I endeavoured to live soberly and temperately, fearing God, and de» parting from evil, endeavouring to promote the weU fare of all around nU, it was natural for m^ to conclude that I should live long, be very prospetous, and

21 Unto me men gave ear, and waitec^and kept silence at "toy counsel.

22 After my words they spake not again; &nd my speech dj^opped upon theni. •

Verse 19. My root w^^s spread out. by the xdaters] A metaphor taken from,H healthy tre6 growing he- Aide a rivalet where there is plenty of water; which m consequenpe iloarieBes^n all seasons; its leaf does 6ot wither, nor its fruit /^/ off. See Psa. i. 3; Jer. xvii. 8. »

. Verse 20. My glori/ vr^a, fresh in me] My' vegetative power was great; my ghry — my splendid bias- >om, Urge and mellow fruit, was'always in season, and in every season.

My bow was renewed] 1 was never without mqans to acqomplish all my wislies. I had prosperity everywhere,

"Verse 23. My Speech dropped upon them.] It descended as refreshing dew; they were encouraged, comforted, and strengthened by it.

Verse 23. 7%cy waited fon fne ca for the rain] The idea continued. They longed as. much to hear ifie speak, to receive my counsel and my decisions, fts iiid ihirsty land does for refreshing waters.

7*he}/ opened theif- mouth wide] A metaphor taken from gironikl chapped with long drought.

The tdttef' ratn.] The rain that falls a little before harvest, iri ordei* to fill and perfect the grain. • The former rain is that which falls about seed-time, or in spring,- m order to impregnate and SM>ell the seed, and moisten the earth to produce its nourishment.

Verse 24. I laughed on them, they hilieved iVnot] Similar to that expression in the Gospel, Lake xxiv. ♦1: And while they believed not for joy, and xoondeiredy he sdid — ^. Out version is sufficiently l»erq[>icuoa8, and gives the true sense of the original, only it. should be read in the indicative and not in the subiunciive mood: I laughed on thetn — 4h€y believed' it for the rain; and they opened their Ante i. oiyn^k mouth wide, cw for * the latter Ante u. c'cit rain... ^^-

24 7/" I laughed on them, they believed it not; and the light of my countenance they cast not down. •

25 I chose but their -way, and sat chief, and dwelt as a king in the army, as one ^Ad^ com- ' forteth the mourners. •

The tight of my countenance\ Hiis evidence of my benevolence and regard. A smiH^ is, motaphoriooWy, the light of the counten<in€e.

They sast not down.^ They gave me no (>ee28ioil to ehange my sentiments, or feelings towaitls them. t could still smile upon them, and they were thenvfox— thy of my approbation.. Their change he refers tQ in' the beginning of the next chapter..

Verse 25. / chose out their way, and sat chief-^ as a king in the army] I cannot see, with some learned men, that our vcrsioi) of the priginal is wrongs I hav6 not seen it mended, and I am sure I Cannot imprave it. The whole verse seems to me fo poiht out Job in his civil, military, and domestic life.

Ao supreme magistrate he chose out tf^eir way^ adjusted their differences, and ja/ chief, presiding in al( their civil assemblies.*'

' As captain general he dwelt as a king in ti& nridsi of his troops, preserving order and discipline, and seeing that his fellow soldiers were proyfd^d with requisites for their. warfare, and the necessaries of life.

As a man he did not think himself superior to tlid meanest offices in domestic life, to relieve 4>r mlppori his fellow creatures; he went ahout comforting, the. mourners — visiting the sick and -afflicted, and ftiinistering to their wants, and seeing that Xhe' wounded were properly attended. Noble Job! Look at him, ye nobles of the earlh, ye lieutenants of <;ottntiea, yd ^ generals of armies, and ye lords of provinces. Look at JOB! Imitate his active benevolence, and be healthy and happy. Be as. guardian angels in your' particular distriqts, blessing all by your example and your bounty. Send yotir huntii^ horses to the ploughj your game cocks to the dunghill; and at last live like. men And Christians.

Job proceeds to lament the change of his former condition, and the contempt into which his adversity had brought him, 1-16. Pathetically describes the afflictijms of his body and mind, 16-31.

Ante'u. c.'cir. whose fathers. -I would have dis- ^^- dained to have set with the dogs

2 Yea, whereto might the ^strength of Uieir bandar profit - me, in whom old age was perished? '

Vejse 1. But now they^that are younger than I kqve me m derisum] Compare this with chap^ ipdx. 8, wfaeie h6 speaks of the respect he had from thid youth Vhile in the days of his prosperity. Now he is qo longer afllaent, and they are no longer respectful,

Dogs ofmyJlock.\.Persons who were not. deemed snffiieiencly respectable to be trusted with the care of those dogs which were the guardians of my flocks. Not con&iential enough to be made shepherds, ass-, keepers, or eamel-driyers; nor even to have the care of the dogs by which the flocks were guarded. This saying w what -we call an. expression of sovereign cmUempt.

Verse 3. The strength of their hands profit m^] Ite is speaking hare of the fathers of these yonng men. What was the strength of their hands to ine? Their old ag« also haS perished.' The sense of which I believe to be this: I have Qe¥6r esteemed their strength ev^ in their most vigorous youth, nor their coodact nor their counsel even in old age. They were never good for any thing, either young, or old. As their youth was without profit, so their old age was without honour. Seo Caimet,

Mr. Good contends that the words are Arabic, and should be translated according to the meaning, in thai language^ and the first clause of the third verse Joined to the latter clause of the second, without which no good meaning can be elicited so as to ke^p properly close to the letter. I shall give the Uebiew te^t, Mr. Good's Arabic, and ita translation:—

This translation }s very little distant from the import of the preaient Hebrew text, if it may be called Hebrew J when the principal words are pure Arabic, and the others constructively so.

Verse 3. Fleeing into the ioildemess] Seeking something to sostmin life even in the barren desert.

. 4 Who cut up mallows by the bushes, and juniper roots for their ineat,

5 They were driven forth from among men, (they cried after them as after a, thief;)

This shows the extreme of want, when the desert is supposed to be the only place where any thing to sustain life can possibly be found.

Verse 4. Who cut up mallows by the bushes] Tvh^ mqUuachf which we tnu^lat^ mellows, coipes from nSs melaekt salt; some herb or shrub of a salt natnre, sea-purslane, or the salsaria, salsola, or <.saltwort. Bochart says it is the dXi^ of the Greeks, and the halimus of the Romans. Some translate it nettles. The Syriac and Arabic omit the whole verse. The halimusi or atriplex halimus^ grows near the sea in diff^nt countries, and is found in Spain, America, England, and Barbary. The salsaria, salsola, or saltr wort, is an Extensive genus of plants,, several comv mon to Asia, and iu>t a few indigenous to s dry ao4 sandy soil.

And juniper roots for their meat.] D^DHI rethamtm, This is variously translated juniper, broom, furze^ go^se, or whin. It is supposed to derive its name from the toughness of its twigs, as DHl ratham signifies to bind f and this, answers well enough to the broom. Genista quoque vinctdi usum prastat, ** The broom serves for bands," says Pliny, Hist. Nat. lib. xxiv., c. 9. But how can it be saij that the roots of this shrtib were eaten t I do not find any evidence from Asiatic writers that the roots of tlid Juniper tree were an. article of food; and some h^ve supposed, because of this want of crvidence, thai ^he word DOflS lackmam, for their bread, should be understood thoSt to bake their bread, because it is well known that the wood of the juniper gives an intense heat, and the coals of it endure a long time; and therefore we find coals of juniper, D^DHl ^Snjl gachaley rethamtm^ uso(|.Psa. cxx. 4 to express severe and enduring punishr ment. But that the roots of the juniper were usCd for food in the Northern cowitries, among the Goths, we have a positive.testimohy from.'Olaus Magnus, himself a Goth, and archbishop of Upsal, in lib. vii., c. 4, of his Hist, de Gentibus Septentrionalibus. Speaking of the great number of different trees in their woods, he says: " There is a great plenty of beech trees in all the northern parU, the virtue whereof is this'; that, being cut between the bark and the wood, they send forth a juice that is good for drink. The fVuit of them in famine serves for bread, and their bark fo? clothing. Likewise also the berries of the juniper, yea, even the roots of this tree are eaten for bread, ss holy Job testifies, though it is difficult to come at.them by reason of their prickles: in these prickliss, or thorns, live coals wni last a whole year. If the inhabitants do not quench them, when winds arise they set the woods on fire, and destroy ^ the «hrciiii^«

8 TTiey were children of -foole, yea, children of ^base men: they were viler -than the

10 They abhor me, they flee far frbta me^ ^ and spare not ' to spit in my face.. ' 11 Because he ^ hath loosed my cord, and

jacent fields." In this account both the properties of ^e juniper tree, referred to by Job and David, are mentioned by the Gothic prelate. They use itr berries ikod roots for foodt and its wood (ox. fire,.

Verse 6. They were driven forth] They were persons whom no one would employ; they were driven away from the city; and if any of them appeax^d, the hue and cry was innjoediately raised up against thera. The last clause Mj,,G.ood translates, "The;^ slunli: away from them like a thief,'* instead of " They cried after them," &c.

Verse 6. To dwell in the cliff s of the valleys] They fvere obliged to take shelter in the most dangerous, out-ofthe-way, andunfrequented places. -This is the meaning.

Verse 7. Among the bushes they brayed] They pried out among the bushes, seeking for food, as the wild ass when he is in want. of provender. Two MSS. read ^pH-y yinaku, they ^ooitee^, instead of Ipru^ yinhakut they, brayed,

JJn4er the nettles] Snn chartd, the briers or bramftes, under the brushwood in the thickest parts of the pnderwood.; they huddled together like wild beasts. -

Verse 8. Children of fools] Children of nabal,; children without a name; persons of no consideration, 9lid descendants of such,

YUer than the earth.] Hather, driven out of the land; persons nqt ^t for civil society.

Verse %% Now am I their song] I am the subject of their mirth, and serve as a proverb or by-word. 7hey use me with every species of indignity.

Verse 10. They abhor me] What a state, must qivil soci^^y be in wheb such indignities were permitted to he offered to the aged and afflicted!

Verse 11, Because he hath loosed my cord] Inftead of 'ViV yithrif my cord, which is the keri or marginal reading, IVl" yithro, his cord, is the reading of the text in many copies; and this reading directs us to a metaphor taken from an archer, who, observing ' bis butt, sets his arrow on the string, dr^ws it t(Ka proper degree of tension, levels, and then loosing his^ bold, the arrow flies, at the marki He hath let loose bis arrow against me; it has hit me; and I am \jrottQded, The Vulgate undezstood it in this way: 134 ^

12 Upon my right hand rise the Ahi© u. c.'cir. youth: they push away my feet, ''^" and * they raise up against me;lhe ways of their destruction. '

1 3 They mar my path, they set forward ttiy calamity, they have no helper.

14 They oame. upon f^e as a wide breaking in lof waters;■ in Uie, desolation they rolled themselves upon me,

15 TfciTors are turned upon me: 'they pupsue " my soul as the wind; and my wehfare passeth away as a cloud. ^ '

They haee also let loose the bridle] Wbeir the^ perceived that God had af^icted me, they then tbrew4>ff all restraints; like headstrong horses, swailowed the bit^ got the reins on their own heck, and ran off at full speed, • Verse 12. Upon my right^ hand rise the yoUth] The word TVDQ pirehach, which "wd translate youOi, signifies properly buds, or the buttons of trees. Mi. Gjood has younglings, Younkers would be better, were il npt too colloquial; » - \*

They push away my feet] They trip up "my heels, or they in effect trample me under their feet. They rush upon and overwheUn me. ' They are violently incensed against me. They roll themselves upon me, iSjlSjinn hilhgalgalu, velut unda impiUit undam, as waves of the sea which wash the sand from under ^ the feet, and then swamp the man to the bottom; seeverscrH.

Verse 13. They mar my path] They destroy the way-marks, so that there is no safety in travelling through the deserts, the guide-posts and way-morks being gone.

These may be fn allusion here to a besieged city ': the besiegers strive by every means and Kay to- distress the hesieged; stopping up the founUnnSf breaking up the road, raising up towers to project arrows and stones into the city, called here raising up againsi it the ways of destruction, verse 12; preventing aU succour and support*

They have no helper.] ' " Thete is not an adviser among theta." — ^Mr. Good, There is none to give them better instnlctipn. _ ^.,

Verse 14. They came upon me as a wide.breaking in].They storm me on every side.

In the desolation they rolled theinselves] When they had made the breach, they rolled in upon me as an irresistible torrent. There still appears to be an allusion to a besieged city: the sap, the breach, %h^\ storm, the flight, the pursuit, and the slaughter. See the following verse.

1 6 ^ And now my soul is poured j p tKy strong haiid thou bpposest d- ^ «!'• 2434.

out upon me; the days of affliction have taken hold upon xpe:. 17 My bones are pierced in me

18 By the great force of my disease is n^y garment changed i it bindeth me about as the collar ot my uoat.

19 He. hath cairt me in^> the mire, and I am become like dust and ashes. ■

'90 I cry unto thee, and thou dosl not hear *;iBec I stand up, and thou regardest me not. 2\ Tl^ou art ® become cruel to me: With

22 Thou liftest me up to the Ante'' Vc.' dr. wind; ihgu oaiisest *me to ride '^^' upon it, and dissolvest my ** substance.

23 For I know that tfiou wilt bring me to death and to the house 'appointed for all lifing!

24 Howbeit he will not stretch out his band to the ■grave, though they cry in his destruction,

25 * Did not I i^ecp " for him that was in trouble? was hot my soul grieved for the poor?

26 ^ Whenl looked for good, then evil came tin^o me: and whlJn I waited for light, there came darkness.

They pursue my soul as the wind] I seek safety in flight, my 'strong holds being no longer tenable; but they pursue mQ;80 awiftlyi that it is impossible for mo to esnpe..They follow me likeu » whirlv^nd; and wsfmit as that drives away the clouds before it, so is B^ pst»perity destroyed. The word 'HDIJ nedib€Uhi^ which ^e translate my soul, signifies properly my nsMiiy^ my exeellenpe': they endeavour to destroy Mh my reputation aad my property,

Veise 18. /* my garment changed] There seem tQ he here plain allusions to tfi& effect of his cruel disease; the whole body being enveloped with a kind of elephantitie hide, formed by innumerable incrustations from the ulcerated surface.

// tindelh me tUfout] There is now a new kind of covering to my body, formed by the effects of tKis disease; and it is not a garment which I can ca^t off*; it is as closely attached to me as the collar of my coat. Or, my disease seizes me as a strong armed man; it has throttled me, and cast me in the mud. - This is probaby an allusion to two persons struggling: tlie atrooger seizes the other by the throat, brings him down, and treads him in the dirt.

Verse 90. / cry unto thee] I am persecuted by man, afflicted with sore disease, and apparently forsakeoofGod.

/ stand up] Or, as some translate, ** I persevere, and thon lookestupon me.'^ Thou seest my desolate, afflicted state; but thine eye doth not affect thy heart. Thou ' leavest me unsupported to atrugglie with my adversities.

Verse 21. Thou art become cruel to me] Thou appearest to treat me with cruelty. I cry for mercy, trust in thy goodness, and am still permitted to. remain under my afflictions.

Thou opposest thyself] Instead of helping, thou opposest me; thou appearest as my enemy.

Verse 22. Thou liftest me up to the wind] Thou hast so completely stripped Vme of all my substance, that I am like chaff lifled up by the wind; or as a straw, the sport of every breeze; and at last carried totally away, being dissipated into particles by the continued hai UNM hard of drnj/.-fr-'* Jer, viii. 16.

Verse23. Thou wlit bring me io death] This must be the issue of my present affliction: to God alone i% ^ h possible that I should survive it.

To the house appdinted for all living.] Or to the house, *l^r3 moed, the rendezvous, the place of general asss mbly of human beings: the great devourer in whoso jaws all that have lived, now ITv.e, and sl^all Uv?, mtts{ necessarily mee|. ' " f

Wliose every day is carnival; not sated yet! Unheard of epieure! without aiellow! The veriest gluttons do not always cram I Some intervals of abstinence are sought To edge the appctitis: thou seekest none. Meihinks the countless swarms thou hast devonr'd. And thousands that each hour thou gobblest up, Thi^T less than this, might gorge thee to the full. But 0! rapacious still, thou gap^st for more, LtkQ one, whole days defrauded of his meals,. On \>'hom lank hunger lays her skinny hand. And whets to' keenest eagerness* his cravings; A a if diseases, massacres, and poisons, - Famine, and war, were not thy caterers.^'

Yorse 24. He will not stretch out liis hand to thigrat}^] AfUr all that has been said relative to the jqfif translation and true meaning of this verse, is it not evident that it is in the month of Job a- consolatory reflection! As if he had said, Though I suffer here, lahall not suflfer hereafter. Though he add stroke to atrdke^ so as to destroy my life, yet his displeasure sjiall not proceed beyond the grave.

Though they cry in his destruction,] Mr. Oood translates: Surely there, inits ruin, is freedom. In the sepulchre there \a freedom from calamity, and rest for the weary.

VcTse 25. Did not I weep for him that was in trouble t] Mr. Oood translates much nearer the sense of the original, Or TWth liksheh yom. " Should I not then weep for the ruthless day V May I not lament that my sufferings are only io terminate with my life? • Or^ Did I not motom for those who suffered by tim^^ &f calamity t / 136

2? My bowels boiled, and rested not: the days of affliction prevented me. 28 * I went mourning, williout the sun: 1 stood up, and I cried in l]ie congregation*

Wag not m^j suul grieved Jbr the poor f] Did I not ifelievB the dislxessed according to my power; tad did I Qfit sympaihize wiih the eu^erer!

Ver39 27. My boweh botled] Thi» lUbdea to the strong coratnotton iu ilie tiowelu which every horaane perepiL feels at the si^ht of one iji misery.

Vcise 28h / went, moumitig wilhvut the sun] TlT^n ^Jmmmahf which we here translate ihe ^un^ oama^ JVom a root of the same lettersi which signifies to hide, protect, &c., and ni&y be translated ^ / tf?^^ mQurmng wiikout a protector or guardian; Df, the woftl may be derived from DR ehain^ te be hot^ and here it may signify fury, ran^e^ anger; and thus it waa understood hy the VuigQit: Mwr&i£ tnced^bai/ti me fuT&rej I went mourning wilhout niiger; or^ as ^ ^Bftp^' trunslates, Je march&U totti instep mais ^ans ' mflau^er aJlcr a remp&rtemeni; "I wal&cd in deep aadnesS} but did net giv^e way to an angry spirit,^^ The St/riuc and Arahic underatCKid it in the slimo way.

Verse 99. I am u brother to dr&gonsl By my inournfal and continual cry I resenlhl^O^Jn tanmntj the jackals or hj/enas^.

And a companitm ip cwU.] my* mil henoth yaanak, to the dattjs^hurs of htmting i generally understood to be the o^tnch; Ibr both the jackal and the femiie

^ol malet a toleinn protestation of hU ckaslUtf and inte^rUy, 1-12; ofhishumamlij^ I3-Ifi; of Ms eharity ^ and mercy J 17—23 \ of An abhor rfince of covetttusncss and idalatry^ 24— 3 S; and of his readiness to acknamhdge hU err&rs, 33i 34 j and wishes for a fvdl investigation of h\s c^se^ being e&nfidcnt that (his ivQuld tssue in the full fmmifestattan oj his innQcence^ 36-40.

JOB. and purity of' conduct

3 I My harp also is turned to naourning, and' my organ into the voice of them that weep.

ostrich are remarkable for thc^ir mournful cry, and for iheir attachment io desolate pUces.— Da^/^,

VeTse 30. My 4^ktn %s biack\ By eonlinnal eriKisuro to the open air^ and parchjng influence of the son*

My h&nes are burned ipiih heat.] A tlronit^xpreaaion, to point out the raging fever that was continual] preying upon hi& vital ».

Verse 31. My harp also ts turned to monmirt^ Instead of the harpy my only music la my own plaintive cnes.

And my organ] \V|jat the 31jf uggab was, we know not; it was most probably some mit of pipe or wtmf. iiistruT/tenl. His AarppU^ kinji&r, andjiis pipe, IJ^ ttg^ gabj were equally mute, or only used for mournful ditties.

T MAJ)E a covenant wiih mino * eyes; why then s!iould I think upon a maid? 2 For what ^ portion of God

Verse 1. I made a covenant with mine fyes] J1^13 '3*J?4 M13 berith carati leeynai: " I have cut** or divided '* the covenant saciifice with my eyes/' My conscience and ray eyes are the contracting parties; God is the Judfte; and I am therefore bound not to look upon any thSDg with a delighted or covetous eye, by which my coDScience may be deMed, or my Cod dishonoured.

Why then shmtld I think upon a maid?] pl^J^K HPT nSini Sj? um^h elhbonen at hethulnh. And why shouid I Sit myself la contemplatCf or think upant set up by Jacob, Gen. xxviii..19, which he called n'l

P' B It 1 have walked with vanity, or^tf my >ot halli hasted to deceit;, 6 ^ het me be weighed in an e?en balance, mi God majpiinow mioc iiitegrily. 7 If my step hath turned otit of the.way, Q])d " mthe heart walked after mine eyes, and if any t^lot hatli cleaved to inine liands;

8 IJien * let me sow, and let another eat; yea, let my offspring be rgoicd out*

9 If mine heart have been decei¥ed by a

cmmCiTfeil. For nij^e on ibe subject of |he Baithttltaf we6 the nDtl» on Gen>,m:viii^